Abstract: This article through the field test, has studied the Nanguo pear anthocyanin content and the PAL activity relations and effect of fertilization on the Nanguo pear anthocyanin content and the PAL activity under different fertilization, the findings indicated: In Nanguo birth time, PAL activity change and anthocyanin synthesis change have two times of peaks, but between them hasn’t close relationship; Different fertilization to the anthocyanin synthesis content and the PAL active influence extremely remarkable, It is advantageous to the anthocyanin content increase and the PAL active enhancement that Applied maximum potassium, iron fertilization and did not execute the nitrogen, the phosphorus. Middle fertilization treatment displays the better regulative effect to anthocyanin the content and the PAL activity, its anthocyanin content and the PAL activeness respectively were 48.95 nmol /g and 19.72 U/(g·h), although the anthocyanin content and the PAL activity were lower than applied maximum the potassium fertilization, but between them the difference was not certainly remarkable.