Anatomical Structure Changes of Roots, Stems and Leaves of Apple Plantlets in Vitro During Transplanting

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0818

Abstract

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to systematically and comprehensively explore the anatomical structure changes of roots, stems and leaves in the process of apple tissue culture plantlets' transplanting, so as to provide a theoretical basis for tissue culture plantlets' transplanting in the future. The anatomical structure of roots, stems and leaves of apple test-tube plantlets during domestication and transplanting were observed by paraffin section and scanning electron microscope. The results showed during transplanting and domestication, the xylem and phloem of roots were fully formed and there were a large number of visible vessels in the central vascular cylinder arranged in chains. The collenchyma cells became regularly and closely arranged together and the cell layers increased gradually. The vascular bundles gradually became an annular strip and the strip became thicker slowly. During the initial stage of transplanting and domestication, palisade mesophylls were not fully developed, and the spongy tissues contained large air space. The ratio of the thickness of palisade tissue to spongy tissue was as low as 0.41. Later, leaf palisade tissue and spongy tissue developed and differentiated, the number of layers of palisade tissue increased and the cells were tightly arranged, the size of air space among spongy tissue decreased, and the ratio of the thickness of palisade tissue to spongy tissue increased. Three weeks after transplanting, the ratio of the thickness of palisade tissue to spongy tissue became 0.74. The stomata protruded above the epidermal cells in the beginning of the transplanting but later they were underneath the epidermal cells. The aperture and density of stomata decreased gradually. There was significant difference of stomata density between the beginning of transplanting (252/mm²) and three weeks after transplanting (187/mm²). In the process of domestication and transplanting of apple tissue culture plantlets, the main change of the plantlets is the formation and perfection of vascular bundle tissue, and the change of leaves is to improve photosynthetic capacity and prevent excessive water loss.

Key words: apple, tissue culture plantlets, anatomical structure, scanning electron microscope, transplanting

CLC Number:

S661.1

QIAO Xuqiang, GUO Tingting, YANG Bingsong, LI Jianzhao, LIANG Meixia. Anatomical Structure Changes of Roots, Stems and Leaves of Apple Plantlets in Vitro During Transplanting[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(22): 49-54.

Figures/Tables 6

References 6

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时期/周	气孔器/μm		气孔/μm		气孔密度/(个/mm²)
时期/周	长轴	短轴	长度	宽度	气孔密度/(个/mm²)
0	17.99±1.65c	16.22±2.24ab	10.89±1.87c	3.79±0.81a	252.00±28.03a
1	18.28±1.40c	14.08±1.65c	10.99±1.48c	3.93±0.95a	239.33±19.51a
2	21.72±1.92b	15.52±2.50b	12.73±1.96b	3.32±0.53a	200.00±28.74b
3	24.16±3.48a	16.90±2.46a	16.84±3.90a	3.63±0.81a	187.00±27.87b

时期/周	气孔器/μm		气孔/μm		气孔密度/(个/mm²)
时期/周	长轴	短轴	长度	宽度	气孔密度/(个/mm²)
0	17.99±1.65c	16.22±2.24ab	10.89±1.87c	3.79±0.81a	252.00±28.03a
1	18.28±1.40c	14.08±1.65c	10.99±1.48c	3.93±0.95a	239.33±19.51a
2	21.72±1.92b	15.52±2.50b	12.73±1.96b	3.32±0.53a	200.00±28.74b
3	24.16±3.48a	16.90±2.46a	16.84±3.90a	3.63±0.81a	187.00±27.87b