Current issue

• 2022 Vol.38 No.22 Published:05 August 2022

  Effects of Picking Times on the Quality and Yield of Young Stem and Rapeseed of Oilseed-vegetable Dual-purpose Brassica napus Varieties ZHENG Benchuan, LI Haojie, ZHANG Jinfang, CUI Cheng, JIANG Jun, CHAI Liang, HE Ping, ZHU Lijuan, HUANG Youtao, ZHOU Zhengjian, JIANG Liangcai 2022, 38 (22):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0832 Abstract + ( 284 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1266KB )   ( 32 ) This study aims to screen out oilseed-vegetable dual-purpose Brassica napus varieties, which are of highly comprehensive production efficiency and suitable for cultivation in the Chengdu Plain of Sichuan Province. To develop the corresponding high-yield cultivation techniques, four B. napus varieties, i.e., ‘Caitai-1' (CT-1), ‘Caitai-2' (CT-2), ‘Songlanyoucai-1' (SLYC-1), and ‘Songlanyoucai-2' (SLYC-2) were compared with ‘Rongyou-18' (RY-18). The effects of varieties and picking times on the yield and quality of young stem and rapeseed, and comprehensive economic benefits were evaluated. Results showed that the appearance quality, and the contents of cellulose and lignin of the young stem were significantly decreased in the picking twice treatment compared with those in the picking once treatment, while the soluble sugar content was considerably increased. The plant height was notably decreased in the picking treatments compared with none picking treatment. The number of effective siliqua per plant and the yield of rapeseed were considerably increased in the picking once treatment compared with those in none picking treatment, while significantly decreased in the picking twice treatment. The influence of picking times on the seed quality of oil-vegetable dual-purpose rapeseed was not significant. The young stem yield, soluble sugar content and comprehensive economic benefit of SLYC-2 were notably higher than those of other varieties. In conclusion, SLYC-2 has the highest young stem quality and comprehensive economic benefit, which is suitable to be cultivated in the Chengdu Plain of Sichuan Province. The picking once treatment is the best cultivation method to ensure the yield and comprehensive production benefit of oilseed-vegetable dual-purpose rapeseed.

  Effects of Different Fertilization Levels on Dry Matter and Nutrient Accumulation and Distribution in Flue-cured Tobacco WANG Jun, TIAN Junling, LIU Lan, ZONG Zhaohui, FAN Miaomiao, LUO Fuming 2022, 38 (22):  8-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0632 Abstract + ( 179 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1232KB )   ( 21 ) In this paper, the effects of different fertilization levels on dry matter accumulation and nutrient accumulation and distribution in flue-cured tobacco were discussed, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing yield potential and optimizing fertilization management. Four fertilization levels (no fertilization, low fertilization level, medium fertilization level and high fertilization level) were used to study the content changes and the distribution characteristics of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in roots, stems and leaves of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that: (1) the dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants increased with the growth process, and there was no significant difference in leaf dry matter, phosphorus and potassium accumulation among different fertilization treatments at the dome stage; (2) with the increase of fertilization level, the utilization rate of nitrogen and potassium of tobacco plants decreased, and the utilization rate under high fertilization level was significantly lower than that under low fertilization level. Under the condition of this experiment, it is difficult to improve the yield (dry matter accumulation) of flue-cured tobacco by increasing the amount of fertilizer. In practice, it is recommended to apply fertilizer at medium level of 150.0 kg/hm2 (N: P2O5: K2O=1.0:0.8:2.0).

  Effects of Different Transplanting Measures on Quality and Sensory Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco ‘CB-1' WANG Peng, LIN Yong, XIE Xiaodan, HUANG Shiliang, GU Li, LI Mingjie, QIAN Sheng, ZHANG Zhongyi 2022, 38 (22):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0217 Abstract + ( 139 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1128KB )   ( 23 ) In order to further improve the industrial availability of tobacco raw materials, the effects of different transplanting measures on the quality and sensory characteristics of ‘CB-1' flue-cured tobacco variety were studied. Field growth period, occurrence of diseases and insect pests, yield and quality, internal chemical indexes, and smoking quality of tobacco leaves of each treatment were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the transplanting measure of ‘burned soil mixed with nutrient soil as filling hole fertilizer for transplanting + burned soil mixed with nutrient soil filling hole 20 days after transplanting as little clay' was more conducive to the root development of tobacco seedlings after transplanting, and could accelerate the growth and development of tobacco plants, improve the economic quality of cured tobacco leaves, enhance the nicotine content of lower tobacco leaves, reduce the nicotine content of upper tobacco leaves, and improve the smoking quality of tobacco leaves. In summary, this transplanting measure is the optimum for highlighting the quality and sensory characteristics of flue-cured tobacco ‘CB-1' variety and improving its industrial availability.

  Leaf Stoichiometric Characteristics of Japanese Red Pine Forest in Shandong Province and Their Correlation with Stand Characteristics and Soil Nutrients LI Zongtai, ZHAN Lijie, LIANG Yan, GE Zhongqiang, CAO Zhenfei, DU Zhenyu, DUN Xingjian 2022, 38 (22):  20-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0772 Abstract + ( 244 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1432KB )   ( 19 ) Pinus densiflora is one of the important native tree species in Shandong Province. The stoichiometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in leaves of P. densiflora in Shandong Province and their relationship with stand characteristics and soil nutrients were investigated to assess health status of plantations of P. densiflora and carry out fertilization management. From August to September in 2018, we conducted stand growth surveys on 20 plantations of P. densiflora in Shandong Province, and collected leaf and soil (0-20 cm) samples. Leaf stoichiometric characteristics, stand characteristics and soil nutrients' contents, as well as their relationships were analyzed. The results showed that the average content of C, N and P in the leaves of P. densiflora was 636.35, 12.80 and 0.82 g/kg, respectively, and the average value of C:N, C:P and N:P was 50.74, 800.48 and 15.93, respectively. It was found that the leaf N content was significantly and positively correlated with diameter at breast height and forest age, and significantly and negatively correlated with stand density. However, leaf C:N showed a negative correlation with forest age. Moreover, leaf C content and C:P showed significantly negative linear dependence upon the contents of soil organic matter and soil alkali-hydrolyzed N. In addition, leaf N content was significantly and positively correlated with soil nutrients' contents, whereas leaf C:N was significantly and negatively correlated with soil nutrients' contents. The leaf N content of P. densiflora was significantly and linearly correlated with stand characteristics and soil nutrients. Furthermore, P was a restrictive factor for P. densiflora in Shandong Province during its growth and development.

  Introduction and Domestication of Ginkgo biloba in the South of the Tropic of Cancer: Taking Zhuhai as an Example HUANG Huining 2022, 38 (22):  31-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0815 Abstract + ( 183 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2270KB )   ( 25 ) To explore the growth pattern and survival of Ginkgo biloba in a high temperature environment in the south of the Tropic of Cancer, this study conducted an experiment about the introduction and domestication of 67 G. biloba plants in Doumen District of Zhuhai City. The environmental factors of introduction and domestication were analyzed, and 3-year character measurement and phenological observation of G. biloba were carried out. The results showed that the 3-year survival rate of G. biloba was 80.6%, the health rate of the surviving plants was 40.7%, and the performance was good as a whole. Most of the leaves were greatly affected by temperature and climate, and cannot normally turn yellow in autumn and winter. However, 14.9% of the individual plants had relatively good growth performance, showing strong adaptability and landscape characteristics. Through the introduction and domestication experiment, this study revealed the growth pattern of G. biloba in Zhuhai. The study can provide certain reference for exploring the adaptability and growth law of G. biloba under high temperature environment.

  Different Particle Sizes of Mulberry Chips Affect Yield and Quality of Ganoderma lucidum During Substitute Cultivation ZHANG Bo, TAN Wei, ZHOU Jie, LI Xiaolin, YE Lei, YANG Xuezhen 2022, 38 (22):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0545 Abstract + ( 166 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1480KB )   ( 18 ) To enrich the technical parameters of Ganoderma lucidum cultivation with mulberry chips and determine the optimum particle size of mulberry chips, the G. lucidum cultivar ‘Chuanyuanzhi No.1' was cultivated with different-particle-size mulberry chips (20, 18, 14, 12 and 8 mm) in bags and the mycelial growth rate, morphological characters and active components of the fruiting bodies and yield of different treatments were compared in this study. The substrates consisted of 45% mulberry chips, 45% corncob, 5% bran, 4% corn flour and 1% gypsum. Results showed that the mycelia grew fastest in the substrates with medium-particle-size mulberry chips (8-14 mm) with the growth rate of 6.27 mm/d. However, G. lucidum cultivated with 18 mm-particle-size mulberry chips (D18) had the biggest fresh single weight (95.59 g) and yield (34.10 g/bag). In addition, treatment D18 had higher content of triterpenoid acid and polysaccharide in the fruiting bodies, reaching 1.33 and 1.20 g/100 g, respectively. Conclusively, G. lucidum cultivated with 18 mm-particle-size mulberry chips had higher yield and better quality.

  Effects of Mulching Materials on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Watermelon ZHANG Xiaohong, YAN Zheng, PENG Qiong 2022, 38 (22):  44-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0821 Abstract + ( 156 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1161KB )   ( 47 ) To select suitable mulching materials for watermelon cultivation, white film, mushroom residue, liquid film and black grass proof non-woven fabric were selected for mulching cultivation, and their effects on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of watermelon were comprehensively compared. The results showed that: (1) in all treatments, the covering effect of black grass proof non-woven fabric was the best, the fruit yield and the contents of soluble solids and Vc were significantly higher than those of other treatments, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of leaves were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was significantly higher than that of the control, while the water vapor pressure deficit (Vpd) was significantly lower than that of other treatments; (2) the correlation analysis showed that there was an extremely and significantly positive correlation between watermelon yield and Pn, Tr, Vpd, and between Pn and Tr. In general, the black grass proof non-woven fabric could be used as a suitable mulching material for watermelon cultivation.

  Anatomical Structure Changes of Roots, Stems and Leaves of Apple Plantlets in Vitro During Transplanting QIAO Xuqiang, GUO Tingting, YANG Bingsong, LI Jianzhao, LIANG Meixia 2022, 38 (22):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0818 Abstract + ( 164 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2078KB )   ( 23 ) The purpose of this study is to systematically and comprehensively explore the anatomical structure changes of roots, stems and leaves in the process of apple tissue culture plantlets' transplanting, so as to provide a theoretical basis for tissue culture plantlets' transplanting in the future. The anatomical structure of roots, stems and leaves of apple test-tube plantlets during domestication and transplanting were observed by paraffin section and scanning electron microscope. The results showed during transplanting and domestication, the xylem and phloem of roots were fully formed and there were a large number of visible vessels in the central vascular cylinder arranged in chains. The collenchyma cells became regularly and closely arranged together and the cell layers increased gradually. The vascular bundles gradually became an annular strip and the strip became thicker slowly. During the initial stage of transplanting and domestication, palisade mesophylls were not fully developed, and the spongy tissues contained large air space. The ratio of the thickness of palisade tissue to spongy tissue was as low as 0.41. Later, leaf palisade tissue and spongy tissue developed and differentiated, the number of layers of palisade tissue increased and the cells were tightly arranged, the size of air space among spongy tissue decreased, and the ratio of the thickness of palisade tissue to spongy tissue increased. Three weeks after transplanting, the ratio of the thickness of palisade tissue to spongy tissue became 0.74. The stomata protruded above the epidermal cells in the beginning of the transplanting but later they were underneath the epidermal cells. The aperture and density of stomata decreased gradually. There was significant difference of stomata density between the beginning of transplanting (252/mm2) and three weeks after transplanting (187/mm2). In the process of domestication and transplanting of apple tissue culture plantlets, the main change of the plantlets is the formation and perfection of vascular bundle tissue, and the change of leaves is to improve photosynthetic capacity and prevent excessive water loss.

  Study on the Difference of Resveratrol of Mulberry Varieties in Different Phenological Periods and Storage Conditions WANG Hanxin, ZHANG Tong, ZHANG Lingfeng, YU Mingyue, LI Hongjiao 2022, 38 (22):  55-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0402 Abstract + ( 139 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1399KB )   ( 96 ) To utilize resveratrol in mulberry, different varieties of mulberry were used as raw materials to determine the content of resveratrol in different phenological periods and storage conditions. The change rules were analyzed. The results showed that among the mature varieties, the highest content of resveratrol was 0.3540 mg/g in ‘Zhongshen 1', the content of resveratrol decreased with the development of mulberry, and the highest content was in the early stage of mulberry development. Storage methods, such as spontaneous air conditioning, reduced pressure storage, UV irradiation, chitosan coating, salicylic acid coating, 1-MCP fumigation, methyl jasmonate fumigation and etc., could effectively prolong the storage time of mulberry. The storage time of two varieties of ‘Zhongshen 1' and ‘Baiyuwang' could be extended for 8 days. The storage conditions, such as methyl jasmonate fumigation, chitosan coating, reduced pressure storage and spontaneous air conditioning, could effectively maintain the content of resveratrol. There were differences of the contents of resveratrol not only among different varieties, but also among different development periods of the same variety.

  Effects of Drip Irrigation Amount on the Growth of Walnut Seedlings HUANG Yali, MA Fengyun, WANG Xia, HAO Jun, DU Zhenyu, LIU Fangchun, SHI Qun, MA Bingyao 2022, 38 (22):  62-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0597 Abstract + ( 177 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1248KB )   ( 29 ) The paper aims to determine water and fertilizer requirements of walnut growth as well as appropriate water and fertilizer management measures. The 1-year-old walnut seedlings were used as experimental materials, and 5 different irrigation gradients were set up under 60% fertilization amount, and drip irrigation was conducted 1 time every 10 days. Treatment TG1 was 1000 mL/time irrigation, and the other drip irrigation treatments were 85% (TG2), 70% (TG3), 55% (TG4), and 40% (TG5) of TG1. The results showed that under the drip fertilization method with 60% fertilization amount, the soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and seedling growth index increased first and then decreased with the decrease of irrigation amount. Among them, the effect of irrigation was most significant in the range of 700-850 mL/time (treatment TG2 and TG3). The soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of TG2 and TG3 treated seedlings were significantly higher than those of TG1, with an increase of 15.96%, 23.58% and 12.25%, and 13.33%, 7.53% and 18.37%, respectively. Plant root length and root vigor of TG2 and TG3 were 0.95 and 1.036 times, and 1.125 and 1.14 times those of TG1, respectively. Seedling leaf area, leaf water content and chlorophyll content also increased. The content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaf were significantly higher than those of TG1. The plant height and ground diameter of TG2 and TG3 were the highest, which were 30.67 cm and 8.37 mm, and 32 cm and 8.25 mm, respectively. In summary, under drip irrigation, when the irrigation amount is 700-850 mL/time, it can effectively improve soil fertility and soil environment, and promote the growth of walnut seedlings.

  The Influencing Factors of Scenic Beauty of Rural Waterfront Landscape Belt Based on SD-SBE Method: A Case Study of Quzhou Miaoyuan River HU Jiesi, ZHANG Jianguo 2022, 38 (22):  69-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0555 Abstract + ( 191 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2946KB )   ( 30 ) To explore the main factors affecting the beauty of the rural waterfront landscape belt, and put forward the corresponding landscape optimization and improvement suggestions, by means of questionnaire survey, SBE (scenic beauty estimation) and SD (semantic differential) methods were used to evaluate the beauty degree of Miaoyuan river waterfront landscape belt in Quzhou and analyze its influencing factors. The results showed that the sense of landscape coordination was the direct correlation influencing factor of the beauty of the waterfront landscape, while the color richness and the spatial closure were the indirect influencing factors. The mathematical model constructed after linear regression equation analysis was YSBE (scenic beauty evaluation) =0.722X1 (sense of landscape coordination), YSBE=0.476X4 (landscape color richness) + 0.287X5 (spatial enclosure state). The higher the color richness of the landscape, the more open the space, the stronger the sense of landscape coordination, and the higher the value of the beauty evaluation of the rural waterfront landscape. Therefore, the beauty of rural waterfront landscape can be improved by increasing the richness of color, enhancing the sense of space openness and improving the sense of landscape coordination.

  Investigation on Plant Diversity of Beibu Gulf Coastal Parks in Guangxi SU Fengxiu 2022, 38 (22):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0466 Abstract + ( 190 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1307KB )   ( 29 ) To find out the current situation and characteristics of plant greening resources in Beibu Gulf coastal city parks of Guangxi, 52 standard plots of 10 parks in Beihai, Qinzhou and Fangchenggang of Guangxi Beibu Gulf were investigated by typical random sampling method. The statistical results show that there are 183 species of plant resources in this region, belonging to 60 families and 140 genera, including 1 species of pteridophytes in 1 family and 1 genus, 7 species of gymnosperms in 5 families and 7 genera, 175 species of angiosperms in 54 families and 132 genera. The arbor layer has the most abundant species, with 100 species, accounting for 55% of the total. The second is shrub layer, which has 56 species, accounting for 30% of the total. The herbaceous layer has the fewest species, only 27, accounting for 15% of the total. The plant system composition reflects the tropical, subtropical and coastal characteristics. Most species have regional landscape characteristics, mainly Roystonea regia, Archontophoenix alexandrae, Casuarina equisetifolia and etc. It is suggested to enhance the screening and application of native coastal plants for the greening construction of Beibu Gulf coastal areas.

  Analysis and Evaluation of Soil Nutrients in Vegetable Fields in Shanghai Suburbs WANG Qixu, LI Jianyong 2022, 38 (22):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0776 Abstract + ( 193 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 24 ) The contents of main nutrients of 165 soil samples from main vegetable producing areas in the suburbs of Shanghai were measured and statistically analyzed, and major fertility indexes and soil pH of vegetable fields were evaluated. The results show that the average soil pH in the main vegetable producing areas in the suburbs of Shanghai is 6.82, and there are great differences in soil pH in different agricultural areas; the average content of soil organic matter is relatively rich, and the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in most soil samples are at the level of grade I; the average content of soil soluble salt is 3.5 g/kg, reaching the level of mild salinization.

  Effects of Different Contents of Cd2+ in Soil on Growth and Development of Hemp and Soybean Seedlings GAO Zhongchao, SUN Lei, WANG Lihua, DU Chunying, ZHANG Liguo, ZHANG Jiuming, WANG Wei, GU Wei 2022, 38 (22):  89-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0775 Abstract + ( 190 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1245KB )   ( 19 ) To explore the tolerance of hemp to heavy metals and provide data support for future phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, we used ‘Long Dama 5' and ‘Hei Nong 84' as experimental materials, conducted pot experiments to study the effect of spraying different contents of Cd2+ in the soil on the growth and development of hemp and soybean seedlings. The results show that low content of Cd2+ (≤ 0.6 mg/kg) could slightly promote the root activity and dry matter content of hemp and soybean. When the concentrate of Cd2+ is between 2.0-20 mg/kg in soil, the growth of hemp and soybean are inhibited. Compared with T0 treatment (in hemp), the emergence rate of hemp of T2, T3 and T4 are decreased by 6.3%-100%, the root activity is decreased by 5.8%-77.8%, and dry matter content is decreased by 6.6%-40.2%. Compared with T0 treatment (in soybean), the emergence rate of soybean of T2, T3 and T4 are decreased by 21.6%-100%, the root activity is decreased by 8.9%-100%, and the dry matter content is decreased by 27.4%-50.1%. When the content of Cd2+ in soil is more than or equal to 100 mg/kg, the emergence rate of hemp and soybean are zero. The tolerance of hemp to cadmium is higher than that of soybean. For the plots with serious heavy metal pollution, it is suggested that hemp should be planted prior to soybean.

  Monitoring Site Layout Method for Heavy Metal Pollution of Cultivated Soil Under Different Data Scenarios WU Yanan, DONG Shiwei, PAN Yuchun, REN Xianpeng, WEI Xiangfeng, LI Xican, NIU Chong 2022, 38 (22):  93-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0795 Abstract + ( 202 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1877KB )   ( 22 ) Guiding the layout of monitoring sites using basic data has become a research hotspot in recent years. Taking the monitoring of heavy metal Cd pollution in Shunyi District of Beijing as an example, monitoring site layout method for heavy metal pollution of cultivated soil under different data scenarios was developed in this study. Firstly, the basic data scenarios of heavy metal pollution monitoring in cultivated soil were divided. Secondly, the characteristics and applicable data situations of the monitoring site layout method were discussed. Finally, the even variation index and deviation index were adopted to evaluate the uniformity of monitoring sites. The research results showed that: (1) five basic data scenarios were identified based on historical and auxiliary data, namely no historical and auxiliary data, only auxiliary data, only historical data, historical and auxiliary data, and sufficiently historical data; and system/random sampling layout, unbiased sampling layout, encrypted sampling layout, encrypted/unbiased sampling layout and data refinement layout strategies were correspondingly recommended; (2) no historical and auxiliary data were in the western Shunyi District and the corresponding system sampling layout was adopted, while sufficiently historical data were in the eastern Shunyi District and the corresponding data refinement layout was used. Moreover, the even variation index of Shunyi District decreased from 0.546 to 0.490, especially to 0.468 in the eastern Shunyi District, and the deviation index was smaller than the original sampling site layout. It is confirmed that the monitoring site layout method for heavy metal pollution of cultivated soil under different data scenarios has operability and feasibility. This study can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the sampling site layout method of heavy metal pollution monitoring in cultivated soil.

  Potential Adverse Meteorological Factors in Main Phenological Periods of Pear Under Year-round Rain-shelter Cultivation Without Skirt Film ZENG Shaomin, CHEN Xiaoming, JIANG Cuicui, HUANG Xinzhong 2022, 38 (22):  99-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0334 Abstract + ( 229 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1130KB )   ( 20 ) The aim of this study is to overcome the influence of potential adverse meteorological factors on the growth and development of pear in rain-shelter cultivation. The changing trends of main meteorological factors in the flowering and fruit development stages of pear between year-round rain-shelter and open-field cultivation were analyzed using the method of fixed point observation and recording. The results showed that: compared with open-field cultivation, the average daily temperature of the whole year and main phenological periods of pear trees in rain-shelter cultivation were higher, and the temperature difference between day and night was larger. The accumulative hours of the temperature ≤7.2℃ in dormancy stage were decreased by 5.57%, and the difference was significant. The lowest temperature and the accumulative hours of high temperature ≥25℃ at flowering stage were increased by 0.5℃ and 17.72% respectively, with significant difference. The hours of extremely high temperature ≥35℃ and night temperature ≥25℃ in the mid-early and mid-late stage of fruit development were increased by 25.76%, 25.93% and 38.73%, 37.72%, respectively, and the difference was extremely significant. Under rain-shelter cultivation, the air humidity was low and stable. The hours of low relative humidity at flowering stage (<60%), mid-early stage and mid-late stage (<50%) of fruit development were decreased by 3.36%, 8.53% and 10.53%, respectively, and the differences between rain-shelter and open-field cultivation in the latter two stages were both significant. However, the accumulative hours of 100% relative humidity at the above three stages were decreased by 42.78%, 56.14% and 77.11%, respectively, and the differences were all extremely significant. The light condition of rain-shelter cultivation was seriously weakened. During fruit development, the duration of light intensity <2000 lx was increased by 8.64%, while that of light intensity≥2000 lx was decreased by 3.61%. The year-round rain-shelter cultivation of pear trees could improve the conditions of pear flowering pollination and fertilization, and make an adverse ecological environment for plant disease occurrence. But it will increase the probability of growth obstacles due to the lack of chilling requirement during the dormancy, and intensify the adverse climate conditions for fruit development, such as insufficient light, high and extremely high temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to choose suitable pear varieties, adopt reasonable rain-shelter cultivation pattern, select covering materials with high transmittance and take high photosynthetic efficiency trimming method, as well as use reflective film on the ground and install supplement lighting devices under rain-shelters.

  Diversity and Temporal Dynamics of Moths Under an Ultraviolet Lamp in Nursery in Wuwei Area LAI Xifu, JIAO Xudong, WANG Duowen, REN Xuehua, TU Lifang 2022, 38 (22):  104-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0159 Abstract + ( 190 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1245KB )   ( 25 ) The purpose of this study is to find out the species and temporal dynamics of moths under ultraviolet ground lamps in nurseries in Wuwei area by using the method of insect mathematical ecology, so as to grasp the diversity characteristics of moths in the study area and lay a foundation for regional insect diversity investigation and scientific pest control. Wuwei National Poplar and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Improved Seed Base was used as investigation and monitoring site. With insect trap lamps, moth insects under lamps in nurseries in Wuwei area were investigated, and their insect community diversity and temporal dynamics were analyzed. The results show that 5154 moths are divided into 9 families and 54 species. Noctuidae is the dominant group which includes 38 species, and Sphingidae comes the second with 5 species. The Shannon-Winner diversity index and Margalef richness index are coincident with the changes of taxa and individuals, which are lower in April, and reach the highest in June and July. Berger-Parker dominance index is the highest from April to May and the lowest in July. Pielou evenness index is relatively stable in June, July and August, and fluctuates greatly in April and September. In conclusion, the moth communities in nurseries in Wuwei area are rich, and are most concentrated in summer.

  A Preliminary Study on Root Knot Nematode of Gynostemma pentaphyllum LI Yu, QIN Jianfeng, LIU Yunhua, SUN Yingying, TANG Xiaodong 2022, 38 (22):  110-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0761 Abstract + ( 189 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2082KB )   ( 16 ) In order to investigate the occurrence and harmful species of Gynostemma pentaphyllum root knot nematode in Ankang of Shaanxi Province, reveal the relationship between G. pentaphyllum continuous cropping and root knot nematode, and provide a theoretical basis for the control of G. pentaphyllum root knot nematode, in this experiment, G. pentaphyllum root knot nematode disease from 6 investigation sites in Ankang main producing areas was sampled and studied, and the isolation and identification were conducted by morphological observation and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. The results showed that the root knot nematode damage was found in the main producing areas of G. pentaphyllum in Ankang, and the incidence rate in the seriously damaged plots was as high as 75.4%. Through isolation and identification, it was determined that the root knot nematode occurring on G. pentaphyllum in Ankang was Meloidogyne incognita, and the incidence increased gradually with the extension of planting years and the decrease of altitude. This is the first report of M. incognita on G. pentaphyllum in Ankang of Shaanxi Province, which could lay a foundation for further analysis of G. pentaphyllum root knot nematode population and control of the disease.

  Studies on the Antimicrobial Activity of Litter Fungus Berkleasmium sp. and Its Spirobisnaphthalenes ZHEN Jincheng, MU Yuting, SI Lu, YU Hongjia, DU Tingting, SHAN Tijiang, XU Lijian 2022, 38 (22):  115-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0800 Abstract + ( 177 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1487KB )   ( 28 ) The purpose of this study is to isolate and identify culturable fungi from forest litter, to find the strains with antimicrobial activity and to study their main antimicrobial metabolites, so as to provide alternative strains for further development and utilization of fungal resources in forest litter. This study used the particle separation method to isolate the culturable fungi in forest litter, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses to identify isolated fungi, well diffusion method to detect antimicrobial activity, column chromatography method to separate antimicrobial monomeric compounds, and spectrum analyses to determine their chemical structure of the monomeric compounds. A total of 63 fungal strains were isolated, belonging to 36 genera and 48 taxa, among which, 14 strains had less than 98.5% of ITS similarity. Ethyl acetate crude extracts of 11 strains had antimicrobial activity, and Berkleasmium sp. SGSF622 had strong antimicrobial activity. The fungus was fermented in PDA medium, and 3 g of ethyl acetate extract was obtained. By bio-guided separation of antimicrobial activity, antimicrobial compound 622A with the highest content was obtained. By NMR and HR-MS analyses, this compound was further identified as Sch53825 and the molecular formula was C20H13ClO5. Its minimal inhibition concentration of antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum was 125-250 μg/mL. It is the first time to separate Sch53825 from fungi of genus Berkleasmium. The study can lay a foundation for further development and utilization of fungal resources from forest litter.

  Residue Analysis and Safety Evaluation of Etoxazole in Loquat by HPLC-MS/MS WANG Xiaonan, CHANG Hong, WANG Siwei, GU Yanping, SUN Haibin, LIU Yanping 2022, 38 (22):  121-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0692 Abstract + ( 206 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1347KB )   ( 19 ) To evaluate the safety of etoxazole, the dissipation and residue of etoxazole in loquat was studied under field condition, and dietary risk assessment was conducted. The sample was extracted by acetonitrile, purified with PSA and C18, and determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS). The mean recovery of etoxazole in loquat was 89.2%-97.1% at the three spiking levels from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/kg, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.4%-5.3%, and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.01 mg/kg. The half-life of etoxazole in loquat was 6.9-8.9 d. When 20% etoxazole SC was applied at the dosage of 33.3 and 50 mg/kg, for two and three times, respectively, the final residue of etoxazole in loquat was 0.055-0.37, 0.032-0.19 and 0.014-0.12 mg/kg at 14, 21 and 28 d after the last application. The residues of etoxazole in loquat gradually decreased with the extension of harvest interval. Assessing dietary risk found that the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of etoxazole was 0.0126 mg, risk quotient (RQ) was 0.4%, and there was no unacceptable risk to the health of the general population.

  Technology Research and System Design of Automatic Forage Observation CHONG Yang, ZHAO Jiankai, MA Xiucai 2022, 38 (22):  126-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0299 Abstract + ( 169 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 3081KB )   ( 21 ) In view of the ecological observation needs of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, especially the grassland ecosystem observation needs, forage observation was selected as the research content, and the idea of real-time remote controllable and visual forage observation automation technology based on embedded technology and parallel computing technology were proposed. The characteristic pixel image recognition method was used to realize the automatic measurement of forage coverage and the automatic recognition of forage growth image. The image height to object height transformation algorithm was obtained by using photogrammetry technology and image processing technology to realize the automatic measurement of layer height and plant height. Combined with modern electronic technology, DSP technology and image processing technology, an intelligent sensor for forage automatic observation was designed, which completed image acquisition, processing and pattern recognition at the observation front end, and then transmitted the processed results to the server through the network. Users could access the server through smartphone or PC to view the observation data remotely. The system realized the automatic observation of forage coverage and layer (plant) height and forage growth period. The test results show that the image processing is significantly correlated with the measured coverage value, with the test R0.05>0.90, and significantly correlated with the measured plant height, with the test R0.05>0.85. Compared with the image processing in the back-end PC system, the intelligent sensor for forage automatic observation can not only improve the data operation and processing speed of the observation system, but also have good robustness. At the same time, the intelligent sensor for forage automatic observation can greatly reduce the pressure of data transmission, and is suitable for tasks with high requirements of volume, power consumption, working environment and stability.

  Design of Minitype Hydroponic Device for Balcony Based on Kano-QFD Model WEI Bingqing, NIU Yanlei, XIN Yiru, CHEN Xiaofeng 2022, 38 (22):  134-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0193 Abstract + ( 219 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1405KB )   ( 23 ) Balcony hydroponics has a broad market prospect because it has strong ornamental value, and is clean and convenient, and green and safe. The device designed for the purpose of balcony hydroponics and oriented to user demand can effectively meet the current market demand. The combination of behavioral mapping method and Kano model can accurately collect user requirements and importance degree. QFD House of Quality model can transform user requirements into the importance degree ranking of product quality elements, further form an optimization scheme to guide the completion of device design. The device is space intensive, has beautiful shape, is easy to be moved and fixed, can effectively reduce hydroponic waste and pollution, and its wires can be kept in storage conveniently. Thus, it is more suitable for household hydroponics. In addition, the application of new materials will also become the direction of future improvement of the device.

  Suggestions and Reflection on the Construction of Local Gene Bank DUAN Yonghong, YU Yaying, TANG Xiao, DENG Jing 2022, 38 (22):  139-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0799 Abstract + ( 171 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1259KB )   ( 28 ) To propose a relevant framework for the planning and design, construction and operation management of crop gene bank, the general situation of crop germplasm resource bank construction at home and abroad is summarized and some suggestions are put forward, including clarifying the positioning function of the gene bank, strengthening the top-level design of the management system, strictly implementing quality and safety control in construction, formulating management standards for operation, realizing sustainable development, ensuring long-term and stable capital investment, and establishing a mutual utilization network of all gene banks in China.

  Correlation Between Chemical Compositions and Sensory Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Hilly Ecological Region of Yimeng ZHANG Yanyan, DAI Chen, ZHAO Baiying, LIU Meng, ZHANG Benqiang, WU Bo, GAO Yang, ZHANG Qiang 2022, 38 (22):  145-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0223 Abstract + ( 494 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1230KB )   ( 25 ) To study the relationship between chemical composition and sensory quality of tobacco leaves of Yimeng hilly ecological region with honey sweetness and burnt flavor, 176 flue-cured tobacco samples from tobacco-growing areas of Weifang, Rizhao and Linyi in Shandong Province were selected as typical representative samples, including lower tobacco leaves X2L, X3L, X2F and X3F; middle tobacco leaves C2F, C3F, C2L and C3L; upper tobacco leaves B2F, B3F, B2L and B3L, and the conventional chemical compositions and sensory quality indexes were statistically analyzed. Simple correlation analysis showed that tobacco combustion had significantly negative correlation with total nicotine and extremely significantly negative correlation with the difference between total sugar and reducing sugar, and significant or extremely significant positive correlation with starch, reducing sugar and potassium. In addition, the ash content had significantly negative correlation with reducing sugar, chlorine and the difference between total sugar and reducing sugar, and extremely significantly positive correlation with starch. Irritation was significantly negatively correlated with chlorine. The canonical correlation showed that total nicotine was positively correlated with concentration and smoking strength. Nitrogen/nicotine was negatively correlated with concentration and smoking strength. Chlorine was negatively correlated with irritation and aftertaste. Therefore, total nicotine, nitrogen content and chlorine content are the key factors affecting the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco in Yimeng hilly ecological region.

  Screening and Application of Aroma-enhancing Bacteria on the Surface of Aging Tobacco Leaf WANG Zhen, LIU Chen, WANG Wenting, ZHANG Xia, ZHU Xianyue, ZHU Ping, SONG Kai 2022, 38 (22):  151-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0721 Abstract + ( 199 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1344KB )   ( 21 ) To clarify the aroma-enhancing effect of microorganism on tobacco quality, the surface flue-cured tobacco leaves were aged. Tobacco leaves from 6 different regions were selected as raw materials for strain isolation and the screening of enzyme production capacity. According to the enzyme production ability, the 16S rDNA sequencing analysis was conducted on the screened bacteria. The sensory quality, routine chemical composition and polyphenol compounds were analyzed after bacteria fermentation. The results showed that the sensory smoking quality of tobacco leaves treated with GY99 strain was improved significantly. The aroma quality and sweet sense were obviously enhanced. The total score of tobacco leaves from Mudanjiang and Qingyang was increased by 2.26 and 2.03 points respectively, and the aroma quality and quantity was increased by 0.44 and 0.33 points respectively. In this paper, the stain GY99 of Bacillus sp. was screened, which could produce protease, amylase and cellulase simultaneously. At the same time, the three strains which could significantly improve the quality of tobacco were screened, namely GY96 as Bacillus sp., GY72 as Pseudomonas and GY67 as Micrococcus.

  Polysaccharide ASPF from Acanthopanax senticosus Fructification: Structural Characterization and Its Anti-lung Cancer Activity in Vitro CUI Xuejiao, TONG Xiaoyu, ZHANG Yanlong, ZENG Weimin 2022, 38 (22):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0779 Abstract + ( 173 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2220KB )   ( 16 ) Homogenous molecular weight polysaccharide ASPF was purified from the fructification of Acanthopanax senticosus, and its structure characterization and in vitro anti-lung cancer activity were explored. The extracted crude polysaccharides were separated by DEAE-52 column chromatography to obtain 3 components, after screening for in vitro anti-lung cancer activity, ASPB-3 was obtained by Sephadex G-200 gel column chromatography to get ASPF. GPC, IR and HPLC methods were selected to analyze the structure of the polysaccharide, and the CCK-8 method was used to study its effect on the survival rate of lung cancer cells in vitro. The content of uronic acid in ASPF was 22.9%. It was an acidic pectin-like structure polysaccharide. Its relative molecular mass MW was 9.7462×104. IR scanning results showed that it had a pyran ring structure, which was composed of rhamnose and galacturonic acid. The results of monosaccharide determination showed that it was composed of six monosaccharides: rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose. There was an inhibitory effect on A549 cells, and its mechanism might be related to the effect on the apoptosis gene Bcl-2/Bax. In summary, ASPF has a certain in vitro inhibitory effect on human lung cancer cells.