Replacing Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Manure: Effects on Soil Fertility and Tomato Yield and Quality

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030076

Abstract

Abstract:

The paper aims to study how to achieve rational fertilization by reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer application. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects on soil fertility and tomato yield and quality under the condition of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure. The results showed that replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure could significantly increase the relative leaf chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen of tomato and promote the growth of tomato. With the increase of organic manure application, the organic matter in 0-20 cm soil increased significantly by 30% from 26.02 g/kg to 33.77 g/kg. The content of nitrate nitrogen decreased from 143.68 mg/kg under 100% fertilizer treatment to 116.47 mg/kg under 100% organic manure treatment, and the content of available potassium decreased with the increase of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure. The nitrate content in tomato was positively correlated with the application of nitrogen fertilizer. With the increase of organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer, the nitrate content of tomato decreased, and there was no significant effect on Vc of tomato. As to the tomato yield, there was no significant difference among different treatments, but replacing 60% of chemical fertilizer with organic manure had the highest yield. So, replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure could improve plant growth and increase yield.

Key words: organic manure, chemical fertilizer, tomato, soil fertility

CLC Number:

S147.34

Zhang Xinjian, Ning Xiaoguang, Zheng Guiliang, Kong Fantao, Zhao Qiu. Replacing Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Manure: Effects on Soil Fertility and Tomato Yield and Quality[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(14): 59-63.

Figures/Tables 5

References 25

[1]	尉元明, 王静, 乔艳君 . 化肥、农药和地膜对甘肃省农业生态环境的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2005,25(6):957-963.
[2]	李杰, 贾豪语, 颉建明 , 等. 生物肥部分替代化肥对花椰菜产量、品质、光合特性及肥料利用率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2015,24(1):47-55.
[3]	李志友 . 生物有机肥对蓝莓根区土壤养分及微生物学特性的影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2017,24(6):36-42.
[4]	崔仕春, 杨秀芬, 郑兴耘 , 等. 生物有机肥控制小麦全蚀病及作用机理初探[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2016,32(1):112-118.
[5]	Xin X L, Qin S W, Zhang J B , et al. Yield, phosphorus use efficiency and balance response to substituting long term chemical fertilizer use with organic manure in a wheat-maize system[J]. Field Crops Research, 2017,208(7):27-33.
[6]	Zhao J, Ni T, Li J , et al. Effects of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with reduced chemical fertilizer application on crop yields, soil biological activity and bacterial community structure in a rice-wheat cropping system[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2016,99(5):1-12.
[7]	魏晓兰, 吴彩姣, 孙玮 , 等. 减量施肥条件下生物有机肥对土壤养分供应及小白菜吸收的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2017,31(1):40-44.
[8]	王艳博, 黄启为, 孟琳 , 等. 有机无机肥料配施对盆栽菠菜生长和土壤供氮特性的影响[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2006,29(3):44-48.
[9]	周柳强, 谭宏伟, 黄美福 , 等. 有机肥、化肥及其配施对生菜产量和质量的影响. 广西农业科学, 2008,39(2):192-195.
[10]	万述伟, 张守才, 赵明 , 等. 豆粕有机肥与化肥配施对大棚春黄瓜产量品质和土壤肥力的影响. 中国农学通报, 2013,29(31):188-193.
[11]	汪志伟, 袁森, 努热亚·艾合买提 , 等. 日光温室无公害蔬菜生产问题及对策分析[J]. 中国果菜, 2017,37(2):54-56.
[12]	庞天德, 李铭, 姚娜 , 等. 牛粪发酵生物有机肥对3种蔬菜生长及品质的影响[J]. 热带农业科学, 2016,36(7):9-12.
[13]	宋以玲, 于建, 陈士更 , 等. 化肥减量配施生物有机肥对油菜生长及土壤微生物和酶活性影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(1):352-360.
[14]	巩子毓, 高旭, 黄炎 . 连续施用生物有机肥提高设施黄瓜产量和品质的研究[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2016,39(5):777-783.
[15]	王宗抗, 阚学飞, 宋钊 , 等. 新型生物有机肥对小白菜生长和土壤肥力的影响[J]. 磷肥与复肥, 2016(3):49-52.
[16]	祝英, 王治业, 彭轶楠 , 等. 有机肥替代部分化肥对土壤肥力和微生物特征的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2015,46(5):1161-1167.
[17]	鲍士旦 . 土壤农化分析(第三版)[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2005: 14-114.
[18]	李合生 . 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000: 167-169.
[19]	张志良, 瞿伟菁 . 植物生理学实验指导[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003: 39-41.
[20]	张治安, 陈展宇 . 植物生理学实验技术[M]. 吉林: 吉林大学出版社, 2008: 126-129.
[21]	孔涛, 马瑜, 刘民 , 等. 生物有机肥对土壤养分和土壤微生物的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2016,33(4):884-891.
[22]	张峰, 李世强, 乔金玲 , 等. 生物菌肥对库尔勒香梨腐烂病的发生及土壤养分的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2017,33(3):57-60.
[23]	于秀丽, 赵明家 . 增施生物有机肥对盐碱土壤养分的影响[J]. 吉林农业大学学报, 2013,35(1):50-54,57.
[24]	李东坡, 武志杰 . 化学肥料的土壤生态环境效应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2008,19(5):1158-1165.
[25]	王冰清, 尹能文, 郑绵海 , 等. 化肥减量配施有机肥对蔬菜产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2012,28(1):242-247.

处理编号	化肥			有机肥
处理编号	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	用量	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
I	450.00	225.00	600.00	—	—	—	—
II	377.25	178.65	461.10	4785	72.75	46.35	135.75
III	304.50	132.15	328.20	9570	145.50	92.85	271.80
IV	231.75	85.80	192.30	14355	218.25	139.20	407.70
V	86.40	—	—	23925	363.60	232.05	679.50

处理编号	化肥			有机肥
处理编号	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	用量	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
I	450.00	225.00	600.00	—	—	—	—
II	377.25	178.65	461.10	4785	72.75	46.35	135.75
III	304.50	132.15	328.20	9570	145.50	92.85	271.80
IV	231.75	85.80	192.30	14355	218.25	139.20	407.70
V	86.40	—	—	23925	363.60	232.05	679.50

处理编号	叶绿素相对含量/SPAD	氮素含量/(mg/g)
I	33.79±7.79b	2.92±0.56b
II	33.86±6.87b	2.94±0.49ab
III	37.13±5.93ab	3.16±0.41ab
IV	37.91±5.59ab	3.21±0.40ab
V	38.36±6.21a	3.24±0.44a

处理编号	叶绿素相对含量/SPAD	氮素含量/(mg/g)
I	33.79±7.79b	2.92±0.56b
II	33.86±6.87b	2.94±0.49ab
III	37.13±5.93ab	3.16±0.41ab
IV	37.91±5.59ab	3.21±0.40ab
V	38.36±6.21a	3.24±0.44a

处理编号	有机质/(g/kg)		硝态氮/(mg/kg)		速效磷/(mg/kg)		速效钾/(mg/kg)
处理编号	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm
I	26.02±1.30c	12.75±0.97a	143.68±16.27a	100.83±17.48a	197.84±11.55ab	71.20±10.19a	247.80±32.13a	158.74±7.34a
II	27.86±0.30bc	13.02±1.06a	136.11±30.36a	88.52±12.28a	195.40±10.44ab	74.49±8.41a	244.58±22.54ab	161.96±1.96a
III	30.01±2.01abc	14.93±2.11a	134.03±19.14a	91.26±5.97a	178.96±16.25b	75.87±11.18a	239.96±11.15ab	161.30±2.26a
IV	30.93±3.24ab	15.10±3.13a	121.87±14.96a	86.24±21.63a	197.18±15.88ab	79.73±21.64a	238.43±39.45ab	167.07±23.01a
V	33.77±4.06a	15.17±0.74a	116.47±2.80a	81.87±7.23a	212.07±15.38a	75.38±9.10a	193.93±26.36b	166.39±29.47a