Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.14 Published:15 May 2020

  Manual Transplanting Late Rice ‘Guangliangyou 7217’ and ‘Tianyouhuazhan’: Effects of Seedling Ages on Yield and Growth Characteristics Ma Yihu, He Xianbiao, Zhu Lianfeng, Zhang Zhongxi, Qi Wen 2020, 36 (14):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010087 Abstract + ( 435 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 217 ) To clarify the elasticity of seedling age of two indica hybrid rice cultivars ‘Guangliangyou 7217’ and ‘Tianyouhuazhan’, the effect of different seedling ages (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 days) treatment on yield, seedling quality, growth process, tillering ability and biomass of late rice were studied by wet seedling cultivation and manual transplanting. The results showed that the yield of the two cultivars increased first and then decreased with the increase of seedling age, and the yield under the 30-day-old seedling age treatment was the highest, increased by 15.8% and 8.2%, respectively, compared with the lowest yield of each cultivar under seedling age treatments. The increase of yield was due to the increase of the total number of spikelet, and the setting rate had no significant difference. Along with the increase of seedling age, the seedling height and leaf age increased, the tillering per plant decreased, the dry weight of 100 plants and plumpness first increased and then decreased; the growth period was ahead of time, especially the initial heading; the biomass first increased and then decreased, and the harvest index increased. In conclusion, the appropriate seedling age for ‘Guangliangyou 7217’ is 30 days, no more than 35 days. The appropriate seedling age for ‘Tianyouhuazhan’ is 30-35 days, and the elasticity of seedling age is relatively big.

  Effects of Formulated Fertilization on Grain Production and Efficiency of Indica-japonica Hybrid Rice Chen Shaojie, Jiang Qi, Lu Liming, Guo Huanru 2020, 36 (14):  7-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030043 Abstract + ( 330 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1135KB )   ( 45 ) The study aims to clarify the effect of current formulated fertilization on indica-japonica hybrid rice production. Indica-hybrid rice ‘Yongyou7850’ was used as material, three formulated fertilization schemes including the control (CK, the conventional compound fertilization) were employed in the field experiment. The results showed that compared with the CK, the current formulated fertilization scheme had a better performance on yield when the same N amount was applied, due to the healthy growth, reasonable population structure, and more effective panicles. In addition, the cost of fertilization was obviously decreased, while the yield was significantly increased. Thus, the current formulated fertilization scheme is suitable for popularization and application in Ningbo.

  49 Wheat Strains in Shanxi: High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits (HMW-GS) Composition and Quality Analysis Wang Qian, Ren Wenbin, Qiu Yuliang, Xu Qi, Xie Sangang 2020, 36 (14):  11-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020037 Abstract + ( 342 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1301KB )   ( 53 ) To study the quality of wheat strains during breeding process, we analyzed the HMW-GS composition of 49 wheat strains by using SDS-PAGE technique. The results showed that: 8 HMW-GS alleles and 11 subunits combination were detected; 2 types of subunits were on locus Glu-A1, subunit 1 (83.67%) was the major subunit; 4 types of subunits were on locus Glu-B1, subunit 14+15 (42.86%) was the major subunit; subunit 2+12 (71.43%) and 5+10 (28.57%) were detected on locus Glu-D1; we determined the quality of the 49 wheat strains and conducted the correlation analysis between the quality and the subunits; the determination result of subunit 1 on locus Glu-A1 was higher than that of subunit Null; on locus Glu-D1, the quality of subunit 5+10 was higher than that of subunit 2+12; on locus Glu-B1, there were significant differences between the 4 types of subunits in qualities; subunit 7+8 had the highest contribution to the protein content, bulk density and wet gluten content; subunit 17+18 had the highest contribution to Zeleny sedimentation and maximum anti-extension resistance; subunit 7+9 had the longest stability time.

  Humic Acid Added in Urea Improves Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Winter Wheat Liu Shenglin, Dong Xiaoxia, Sun Zeqiang, Cui Shuangshuang 2020, 36 (14):  16-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120088 Abstract + ( 442 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 211 ) The objectives are to verify the effect of humic acid addition on urea fertilizer efficiency, and to provide evidences to increase yield of winter wheat by humic acid-urea in limy soils in the North China Plain. Compared with common urea application, the effect of different humic acid-urea (type I-VI, with 1%-6% humic acid concentration) on nitrogen uptake and yield increase of winter wheat was studied in field. The results showed that humic acid-urea addition amounts were closely correlated with winter wheat yield and nitrogen uptake. With the same nitrogen application amount, IV type humic acid-urea significantly increased yield of winter wheat and promoted nitrogen transferring to wheat grain. Meanwhile, humic acid-urea improved yield component, including number of grains per ear (type I and II humic acid-urea) and 1000-grain weight (type II, V and VI humic acid-urea). Type III humic acid-urea significantly enhanced nitrogen uptake efficiency, but there was not significant promotion for manganese uptake, soil organic matter content, emergence number, tiller number, head-producing tiller number and ear number. Therefore, fertilizer effect of humic acid-urea was closely correlated with humic acid application amounts. 4% humic acid application in urea could significantly improve yield and the components of winter wheat yield, and 3% humic acid application could significantly enhance nitrogen uptake efficiency.

  Ear Traits of Maize Four-cross Population: Correlation Analysis and Path Analysis Shi Qingling, Li Kewei, Dong Yongbin, Ran Wuling, Li Yuling 2020, 36 (14):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500141 Abstract + ( 363 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1137KB )   ( 76 ) To study the separation characteristics of ear traits of maize, the parents ‘PH6WC’ and ‘PH4CV’ of maize hybrid ‘Xianyu 335’ and parents ‘Zheng 58’ and ‘Chang 7-2’ of hybrid ‘Zhengdan 958’ were hybridized to make the four-cross F2 separation population. Eleven ear traits data were identified, and correlation analysis and path analysis were carried out. The results showed that the variation coefficient (CV) of each trait had a wide range, from 7.68% to 96.27%, especially that of bald tip length reached peak value of 96.27%. The ear grain weight showed extremely significant or significant positive correlation with ear length, ear diameter, row number per ear, kernel number per row, kernel length, kernel thickness, cob diameter and 100-kernel weight. Path coefficient analysis revealed that kernel number per row, 100-kernel weight, row number per ear, ear length and kernel thickness had more positive effect on ear grain weight, while kernel width and bald tip length had more negative effect on ear grain weight. This study provides certain references for the ear traits improvement of maize.

  Prediction Model of Sorghum Production: An Example of Tunliu District Zhao Runan, Yang Hua, Xu Minzi, Yang Huaiqing 2020, 36 (14):  28-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100030 Abstract + ( 536 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1369KB )   ( 63 ) To study the response of sorghum production to climate and environmental conditions in Tunliu District we explore the relationship between climatic factors and sorghum yield to provide theoretical and technical references for efficient production of sorghum. Firstly, the exponential smooth factor coefficient was optimized by the particle swarm optimization, and then the sorghum production was decomposed into two parts: trend production and meteorological production by the exponential smoothing for three times. Secondly, the absolute grey relational analysis was used to obtain the climate factors which had great influence on the meteorological production of sorghum, Finally, the multivariable linear regression model was fitted to the actual sorghum production in Tunliu District from 2004 to 2017. The model was verified by using the actual sorghum production in 2018. The results showed that the main climatic factors that affecting sorghum production were rainfall and duration of light in May, average relative humidity and rainfall in June, rainfall and duration of light in July, precipitation in August, and duration of light in September. In 2018, the accuracy of the multivariable linear regression model for sorghum production verification was verified to be 81.06%, which indicated that the model could fit the sorghum production in Tunliu District relatively accurately, and provided a method for precise prediction of sorghum production.

  Effects of Nitrogen Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of High-yield Spring Soybean Gao Yang, Fu Jihai, Zhang Jianxin, Li Sizhong 2020, 36 (14):  34-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010050 Abstract + ( 338 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1346KB )   ( 65 ) To reveal the effect of different nitrogen application rates on photosynthetic characteristics of different canopy layers of high-yield spring soybean under drip irrigation, under field condition, the effects of 4 nitrogen application levels (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/hm 2) on the plant morphological characteristics, the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters of different canopy leaves of high yield spring soybean were studied. The results showed that the increase of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the internode length, petiole length and leaf shape index of soybean plants; it also increased the chlorophyll content of different canopy leaves of soybean; the decrease of chlorophyll content in the middle and upper leaves of the plant treated with nitrogen fertilizer was 1.31%-4.44% lower than that of the N0 treatment. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of different canopy leaves at different growth stages increased, which slowed down the decline of net photosynthetic rate of different canopy layers at different mid-late stages. The production of N150 was relatively high, which was 4889.62 kg/hm 2. Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was 3.58 kg/kg.

  Genetic Diversity of Rice Bean (Vigna umbellata) Germplasm in Hunan Province: RAPD and ISSR Analysis Wang Tonghua, Wang Yanlan, Tang Rui 2020, 36 (14):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010022 Abstract + ( 310 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1884KB )   ( 66 ) In order to reveal the genetic diversity of rice bean germplasm in Hunan and promote the effective protection and utilization, the RAPD and ISSR molecular markers were employed to analyze the genetic diversity of 36 accessions of rice bean germplasm collected from different locations in Hunan. Their genetic relationship was also analyzed by UPGMA method in this study. The results showed that a total of 81 clear bands were generated by 12 RAPD primers and 4 ISSR primers, with an average of 5.06 bands per primer, of which 59 were polymorphic, accounting for 72.84% of the total. The PIC value of these primers ranged from 0.397 to 0.968. UPGMA cluster analysis revealed that the genetic similarity ranged from 0.605 to 0.877, and all accessions were clustered into 4 groups, which consistent with their geographical distribution. This study could provide a reference for germplasm protection and breeding of rice bean in Hunan.

  Warming and Nitrogen Application: Effects on Decomposition of Leaf Litter in the Less Khingan Mountains Xu Meng, Wang Qinggui, Yan Guoyong, Xing Yajuan 2020, 36 (14):  46-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010132 Abstract + ( 297 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1241KB )   ( 158 ) The paper aims to study the response of leaf litter in the Lesser Khingan Mountains to temperature rise, nitrogen deposition and their interaction. We designed 4 kinds of treatments [nitrogen addition (LN), warming (WT), interaction of nitrogen addition and temperature increase (WLN) and control (CK)] by using the spatial shift method. The results showed that: (1) the effect of nitrogen deposition on leaf litter decomposition was first inhibition and then gradual promotion, and the inhibition was significant after the first year of freezing and thawing (P<0.05); (2) under the condition of temperature increase, the leaf litter decomposition of the first year’s growth season was significantly slowed down (by 13.8%) compared with the control, and the leaf litter decomposition of the second year’s growth season was significantly accelerated (by 9.4%); (3) the litter decomposition under the combined driving of nitrogen and temperature was consistent with the warming treatment, and both of them showed first inhibition and then promotion; (4) the mass loss rate and element release rate of each treatment were firstly inhibited and then promoted compared with the control, and the mass loss rate of leaf litter of different treatments was LN (55.2%)>WT (54.4%)>WLN (53.4%)>CK (53.2%). The study shows that the decomposition of leaf litter is initially inhibited by nitrogen application, temperature increase and interaction, and then accelerated, compared with Changbai Mountains, the decomposition of leaf litter in the Lesser Khingan Mountains is more sensitive to nitrogen addition.

  Effects of Reducing Irrigation and Chemical Fertilizer on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency of Eggplant in Greenhouse Sun Zhuo, Li Sicong, Chen Xin, Chen Yimin, Qu Hongyun, Sui Yueyu, Jiao Xiaoguang 2020, 36 (14):  54-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100008 Abstract + ( 510 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1290KB )   ( 73 ) To investigate the effects of reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers on eggplant nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency in a facility vegetable field in black soil region, we analyzed the effects of regular irrigation and chemical fertilizers (CK), 80% regular chemical fertilizers+ regular irrigation, and regular chemical fertilizers+ 80% regular irrigation, on nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency in eggplant. The results showed that: compared with that of CK, the effect of reducing chemical fertilizer on eggplant yield was not significant (P>0.05),while the eggplant yield in reducing irrigation treatment was significantly decreased by 12.79% (P<0.05). Compared with that of CK, the dry matter of eggplant treated with reducing irrigation and reducing chemical fertilizers was decreased by 15.13% and 6.45%, respectively, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in nitrogen uptake among the three treatments. Compared with that of CK, nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUPE) and nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUE) were increased and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP) was significantly increased by 36.94% in reducing chemical fertilizer treatment. Therefore, in the production of eggplant in greenhouse, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application can be reduced appropriately, which can not only improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency, stabilize the yield and quality, but also save the nutrient resources and reduce the risk of nitrogen leaching.

  Replacing Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Manure: Effects on Soil Fertility and Tomato Yield and Quality Zhang Xinjian, Ning Xiaoguang, Zheng Guiliang, Kong Fantao, Zhao Qiu 2020, 36 (14):  59-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030076 Abstract + ( 432 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1125KB )   ( 71 ) The paper aims to study how to achieve rational fertilization by reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer application. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects on soil fertility and tomato yield and quality under the condition of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure. The results showed that replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure could significantly increase the relative leaf chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen of tomato and promote the growth of tomato. With the increase of organic manure application, the organic matter in 0-20 cm soil increased significantly by 30% from 26.02 g/kg to 33.77 g/kg. The content of nitrate nitrogen decreased from 143.68 mg/kg under 100% fertilizer treatment to 116.47 mg/kg under 100% organic manure treatment, and the content of available potassium decreased with the increase of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure. The nitrate content in tomato was positively correlated with the application of nitrogen fertilizer. With the increase of organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer, the nitrate content of tomato decreased, and there was no significant effect on Vc of tomato. As to the tomato yield, there was no significant difference among different treatments, but replacing 60% of chemical fertilizer with organic manure had the highest yield. So, replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure could improve plant growth and increase yield.

  22 Distant Hybrid Seeds of Rhododendron: Germination Characteristics Xu Feng, Song Jie, Zhang Yiping, Zhang Baoqiong, Yang Xiumei, Zhang Lifang, Wang Lihua, Xie Weijia 2020, 36 (14):  64-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010062 Abstract + ( 416 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1722KB )   ( 55 ) The paper aims to realize the breeding application of wild germplasm, select Rhododendron species which are suitable for parents. Taking 4 wild species of subgenus Rhododendron (Rhododendron decorum, Rhododendron sinofalconeri, Rhododendron. cyanocarpum, Rhododendron wardiit) as male parents and seeds obtained from hybridization with 17 varieties of Rhododendron as experimental materials, we studied the morphological characteristics, the germination rate, the germination potential, the germination index and the average germination time of hybrid seeds, in order to evaluate the hybrid advantages of the 4 wild species as male parents. The results show that spindle-shaped and slender seeds with full shape and wings at both ends are easy to germinate, and the superiority of the 4 wild species of subgenus Rhododendron as male parents is Rhododendron decorum>Rhododendron sinofalconeri>Rhododendron. cyanocarpum>Rhododendron wardiit.

  Simultaneous Determination of 11 Trace Elements in Cymbopogon citratus by ICP-OES with Microwave Digestion Yuan Jianmin, He Lu, Yang Xiaoqiong, Xu Zhiping, Kong Weixi 2020, 36 (14):  69-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010128 Abstract + ( 394 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 212 ) In this study, a method was developed for the first time for simultaneous determination of 11 trace elements (Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, B, Mn, Fe, Cr, Mg, Cu) in Cymbopogon citratus by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) with microwave digestion. Samples were digested completely by using HNO3-H2O2 mixed acid. The instrumental working parameters and microwave digestion process were optimized. The results showed that: the linear relationship of 11 trace elements was good, the correlative coefficients were in the range of 0.9983-0.9999, the limits of detection (LOD) were in the range of 0.000050-0.081325 mg/L, the limits of quantification (LOQ) were in the range of 0.0002-0.2455 mg/L, the recovery rates were in the range of 90.00%-102.50%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD, n=6) were in the range of 0.25%-1.64%; the concentration of the 11 trace elements in Cymbopogon citratus from Yuanmou and Longchuan had significant differences, the order of was Mg>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Ni>B, and Cd, Pb, Cr and Co were not detected; the concentration of the same element was also different among the samples from different sources. This method has the advantages of rapidness, simplicity, accuracy, high sensitivity and good stability, which is suitable for simultaneous determination of various elements in Cymbopogon citratus.

  Urban Green Spaces in Shenzhen: Soil Infiltration Capacity and Its Influencing Factors Huang Hui, Bi Shuyi, Zi Xiaomeng, Liao Gengqiang, Wen Nuanling, Ru Zhengzhong 2020, 36 (14):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120114 Abstract + ( 297 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1372KB )   ( 55 ) Studying soil infiltration capacity and its influencing factors in urban green spaces of Shenzhen can provide references for the construction of sponge city and soil-water conservation in urban green spaces. Aiming at different vegetation types (woody, shrub, lawn) and different soil layers (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm) in urban green spaces, we analyzed the impacts of soil physicochemical properties on soil moisture, by determining the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) with a Guelph infiltrometer. The results showed that: the soil infiltration capacity of Shenzhen green space was poor, the grades of poor Kfs and below were up to 63.42%; the Kfs of the upper soil in woody and shrub was relatively high, which was significantly higher than that of the Kfs of the subsoil (P<0.05); both bulk density and sand particle contents of green spaces were quite high with 1.62 g/cm 3 and 52%, respectively; the soil texture had a significant effect on Kfs, and there was a positive correlation between sand particle contents and Kfs (P<0.01); soil bulk density, initial moisture content and gravel content showed a significantly negative correlation with Kfs (P<0.05). In conclusion, the soil infiltration capacity in urban green spaces of Shenzhen is very poor, and reducing the compaction degree and increasing sand content could improve soil infiltration.

  Corn Fertilizer Recommendation System Based on Abundance-deficiency Index of Soil N in Four Great Natural Regions and Whole China Sun Hongren, Zhang Jiping, Gang Lihua, Lv Yucai, Wang Yinghai 2020, 36 (14):  80-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010034 Abstract + ( 419 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 53 ) To provide a scientific basis for corn N fertilization, the abundance-deficiency index (ADI) of soil N and the appropriate N fertilizer application rates (ANFAR) for corn in the northeast plain, the Huang-huai-hai plain, the loess plateau, the southwest hilly area and the whole China were studied. The methods of scattered theoretical data integration, regression equation between soil N content and relative yield of no N fertilizer treatment, and the new applied formula based on “nutrient balance and projected yield minus soil fertility yield” for determining the appropriate fertilizer application rates were employed. The results showed that the ADI of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (SAHN) for corn in the northeast plain for the first to the seventh level (FTSL) was ≥417, 263-417, 166-263, 105-166, 67-105, 42-67 and <42 mg/kg, respectively. The ADI of SAHN for corn in the Huang-huai-hai plain was ≥177, 124-177, 87-124, 61-87, 42-61, 30-42 and <30 mg/kg, respectively. The ADI of SAHN of corn in the loess plateau were ≥191, 131-191, 90-131, 62-90, 43-62, 30-43 and <30 mg/kg, respectively. ADI of SAHN for corn in the southwest hilly area was ≥349, 221-349, 140-221, 88-140, 56-88, 36-56 and <36 mg/kg, respectively. The ADI of soil total nitrogen for corn in the whole China for the FTSL were ≥3.5, 2.1-3.5, 1.2-2.1, 0.70-1.2, 0.42-0.70, 0.25-0.42 and <0.25 g/kg. The ADI of soil organic matter for corn in the whole China for the second to the seventh level were ≥58, 30-58, 15-30, 7.4-15, 3.8-7.4 and <3.8 g/kg, respectively. When the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in current season was 40%, the range of the ANFAR for grain corn (target yield of 6-15 t/hm 2) for the FTSL was 0-0, 35-86, 69-173, 104-259, 138-345, 173-431 and 207-518 kg/hm 2, respectively. The range of the ANFAR for silage corn (target yield of 30-120 t/hm 2) for the FTSL was 0-0, 30-120, 60-240, 90-360, 120-480, 150-600 and 180-720, respectively.

  Changes of Organic Nutrients During Fermentation of Organic Fertilizer Liu Lan, Ding Xiaodong, Wang Jun, Wang Hang 2020, 36 (14):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010101 Abstract + ( 929 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1302KB )   ( 141 ) To provide references for reasonable use of organic fertilizer, the organic nutrients’ change during fermentation in flue-cured tobacco production in Guangdong was studied. Indoor cultivation method was used under constant temperature and humidity, the kinds, content and change rules of organic substances were analyzed during fermentation. The results showed that 7 organic acids, 18 amino acids, higher fatty acid C12-C20 and ferulic acid were produced during the fermentation of peanut fertilizer. The major organic acids produced during fermentation were lactic acid (80.0 g/kg after 50 days) and malic acid (40.0 g/kg after 50 days), and then was acetic acid (31.84 g/kg after 50 days), the citric acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid had no obvious difference in the fermentation, oxalic acid had lower content of 0.32-1.83 g/kg. The amino acid content increased with the fermentation time of peanut and pig manure fertilizer, and glutamic acid had the highest content, then were asparaginc acid and aminocaproic acid; amino acid content of peanut fertilizer was twice that of pig manure fertilizer. Higher fatty acid oleic acid (38.78%-44.46%) and linoleic acid (37.0%-38.0%) were higher in peanut fermentation, then were palmitic acid (9.16%-13.22%), stearic acid (2.31%-3.08%) and linolenic acid (1.08%-1.58%). The C18 and C16 acids were the dominant components, and the content of saturated acids was lower than that of the unsaturated acids obviously. The content of ferulic acids increased with fermentation time, reaching 15.23 μg/kg after 50 days.

  Agronomic and Environmental Effect of Combined Application of Biochar and Zeolite with Chemical Fertilizer: A Review Bai Yuchao, Wang Dehan, Duan Jixian, Deng Baoyuan, Wang Zongkang 2020, 36 (14):  93-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010075 Abstract + ( 427 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1488KB )   ( 63 ) Biochar and zeolite play important roles in increasing farmland production performance and crop production capacity, and in improving soil obstacles and agricultural non-point pollution. The combined utilization of biochar and zeolite with chemical fertilizer would be an important strategy for sustainable development of agriculture and environment. In order to improve the agronomic and environmental benefits of combined application of biochar and zeolite with chemical fertilizer, the research status on agronomic and environmental effects of combined application of biochar and zeolite with chemical fertilizer was summarized, including the properties and characteristics of biochar and zeolite, the mechanisms of biochar and zeolite on soil physical and chemical properties and the agronomic and environmental effects of combined application of biochar and zeolite with chemical fertilizer. Then, the authors pointed out the existing problems and future research direction on biochar and zeolite combined application with chemical fertilizer.

  Meta-analysis: The Effect of Intercropping on Crop Yield Lu Xingli, Duan Yaxin, Yue Heng, Liu Jihu, Kang Jianhong, Wu Hongliang, Dai Xiaohua, Wu Na, Jia Biao 2020, 36 (14):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010096 Abstract + ( 413 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1325KB )   ( 135 ) The aim of this study is to clarify the impact of intercropping on crop yield, and to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application and promotion of intercropping measures. This study used a single cropping as a control to quantify and analyze the effects of intercropping on crop yield and the influencing factors. The results showed that, compared with single cropping, intercropping significantly reduced crop yields, especially in temperate regions. In addition, intercropping also reduced crop yields under ground cover and legume conditions. However, when rainfall exceeded 600 mm, crop yield of intercropping significantly increased by 29.6%, compared with single cropping. When rainfall was less than 600 mm, crop yield of intercropping decreased by 18.7%. The average annual temperature also significantly affected the yield effect of intercropping. When the annual average temperature was higher than 20℃, the crop yield of intercropping was reduced by 55.1%, compared with single cropping. Long-term intercropping (>5 years) was conducive to yield increase, but when the number of years was less than 3 years, crop yield of intercropping decreased compared with single crop. Under high organic matter content (>20 g/kg) and low organic matter content (<1 g/kg), intercropping was not conducive to crop yield increase. Similarly, when the total nitrogen in soil was higher than 1.5 g/kg, crop yield of intercropping was reduced by 48.6%. The yield reduction of intercropping was the greatest at pH 6.5-7.5. When the available phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium contents in soil were >30 mg/kg, <50 mg/kg, and 50-100 mg/kg, respectively, intercropping reduced crop yield compared with single cropping. Therefore, the yield effect of intercropping is affected by various factors such as climate, test years and soil properties.

  Climate Change Affects Major Crops’ Yield in Qaidam Basin Wang Fake, Lei Yuhong, Du Zhanliang, Cai Yuqin 2020, 36 (14):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120126 Abstract + ( 485 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1587KB )   ( 214 ) To provide scientific support for making use of climatic resources rationally and improving the potential of crop production, the data of temperature, precipitation and yield of main crops (wheat, rape) in Qaidam Basin from 1991 to 2017 were used to analyze the main climatic factors (temperature and precipitation), the variation characteristics of crop yield and the influence of climate factors on crop yield by mathematical statistics method. The results showed that: (1) the annual average temperature in the Qaidam Basin increased significantly from 1991 to 2017, with a warming rate of 0.5℃/10 a, and a slight increase in precipitation of 16.5 mm/10 a, the climate tended to be warm and wet; (2) the increase trend of crop yield was obvious, the average annual increase of wheat was 73.0 kg/hm 2, the average annual increase of rape was 37.9 kg/hm 2; the interannual change of wheat relative to meteorological yield was obvious, and that of rape was more frequent; (3) there was a significant correlation between the crop yield and annual average temperature and annual precipitation, when the temperature increased by 1.0℃, the wheat yield increased by 845.8 kg/hm 2, the rape yield increased by 454.5 kg/hm 2; for every 10 mm increase of precipitation, the wheat yield increased by 140.0 kg/hm 2and the rape yield increased by 74.0 kg/hm 2, the effect of temperature on crop yield was greater than that of precipitation.

  Surface Temperature Variation of Shouguang City from 1961 to 2017: Characteristics and Causes Gao Xueqin, Zhang Shan, Chang Cheng, Xu Fengxia 2020, 36 (14):  113-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020049 Abstract + ( 372 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1348KB )   ( 104 ) To reveal the surface temperature evolution rules and characteristics of Shouguang City, the paper used modern climatology diagnostic and statistical methods as linear regression analysis and cumulative anomaly to analyze the variation trend of surface temperature from 1961 to 2017. And the relationship between surface temperature and air temperature, sunshine duration, precipitation, water vapor pressure and other meteorological elements was also discussed. The results showed that in Shouguang City, the annual and seasonal mean surface temperature, the average maximum surface temperature and the average minimum surface temperature all showed an increase trend, and the minimum surface temperature increased most obviously with 0.54℃/10 a. The difference between annual mean surface temperature and air temperature decreased significantly at the rate of 0.16℃/10 a. It was found that the surface temperature in Shouguang City experienced a sudden change from cold to warm in the early 1990s. The seasonal increase of surface temperature varied greatly. And the rise of the surface temperature in winter and spring and the significant increase of the lowest surface temperature were the reasons for the rise of the city surface temperature, in addition, the decrease of precipitation and sunshine duration and the decline of water vapor pressure were important meteorological factors leading to the change of local surface temperature.

  Extreme Precipitation and Flood Disaster During Rice Growth Season in Heilongjiang: Temporal-spatial Distribution Features Qu Huihui, Wang Dongdong, Wang Ping, Wang Liangliang, Gong Lijuan, Zhu Haixia, Wang Qiujing, Jiang Lixia 2020, 36 (14):  119-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010097 Abstract + ( 446 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2132KB )   ( 71 ) To avoid flood disaster caused by extreme precipitation and effectively guarantee the security of rice production, based on the precipitation data from 69 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2016 and historical flood disaster records in Heilongjiang, by using the variance analysis and Mann-Kendall method, we analyzed the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of extreme precipitation and flood disaster during rice growth season in Heilongjiang. The results showed that: (1) the extreme precipitation indices (EPI) in May, June and September were the highest in 2010s, and the EPI in July and October were the highest in 1990s, and the EPI in August was the highest in 1980s; (2) on the basis of typical factor, the precipitation in July was the most in 1990s, and the precipitation in August was the most in 1980s; (3) the flood disaster of rice occurred mostly in July; the flood disaster of rice in July and August occurred mostly in 1990s and 1980s, respectively.

  The Response of Animal Phenophase to Monthly Climate Variability in Qingdao Qi Dongju, Guo Feiyan, Xue Yunchuan, Geng Min 2020, 36 (14):  130-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020031 Abstract + ( 346 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1850KB )   ( 329 ) This study aims to investigate the response of animal phenophase to climate variability in Qingdao. Based on the animal phonological data and monthly meteorological observations in Qingdao during 1986-2018, the authors used trend analysis and advanced correlation analysis to analyze the leading and contemporaneous correlations between animal phenophase and climatic factors. The results showed that: (1) the monthly temperature/wind speed increased/decreased significantly, the sunshine durations reduced significantly except in April, but the precipitation changed little except in July; (2) the distinct monthly decreasing trend of wind speed had the strongest relationship with the animal phenophase for migrant bird (Hirundo rustica) and amphibian (Frog); for the first warble date: the first warble dates for Hirundo rustica and Frog were not closely related to the climatic factors; as for the last warble date: the significant decreasing trend of wind speed most likely induced the delaying of last warble dates for Hirundo rustica and Frog; (3) the variations of precipitation and sunshine durations could exert more influence on the first warble dates for insects (Cryptotympana atratas and Crickets), and the last warble dates for insects were remarkably influenced by temperature and wind speed. The above results indicate that the animal phenophase is sensitive to the climate change, and the animal phenology change is the best indicator of climate change.

  Research on Water Purification Equipment Technology of Circulating Aquaculture System Yang Jing, Guan Chongwu, Zhang Yulei 2020, 36 (14):  138-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200931 Abstract + ( 242 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1192KB )   ( 50 ) The circulating aquaculture system is the current development direction of advanced aquaculture productivity, it has the characteristics of highly controllable aquaculture environment, safe and reliable product quality, water saving and land saving, and could meet the country’s strategic needs of transforming economic growth and saving energy and reducing emissions. Water purification equipment for circulating water aquaculture is the core component of circulating water aquaculture system, it provides good aquatic environment for aquaculture objects in circulating aquaculture production, improves the output and quality of aquaculture products, and promotes resource utilization. This article took the typical water purification technology of circulating aquaculture system as the main line, discussed and summarized the equipment technologies involved in the removal of suspended matter, degradation of dissolved organic matter, sterilization, aeration and temperature regulation, and proposed development suggestions, aiming to build a precise, efficient and energy-saving circular aquaculture system, and provide support for its further application.

  Comparison and Analysis of Rain-measuring Performance of Weighing Precipitation Sensor Miao Mingrong, Wang Hui, Wu Ruitao, Ding Wei, Zhao Chengcheng 2020, 36 (14):  142-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010077 Abstract + ( 396 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1782KB )   ( 47 ) To observe the accuracy of precipitation data, the precipitation data of the DCS1 weighing precipitation sensor and the SL3-1 somersault rainfall sensor observed at four stations in Nantong City from April to October 2018 were selected. The differences of daily precipitation and total precipitation were analyzed. The results showed that the average uniform rate of weighing sensor was 91.2% in the selected sample, with the number of rainfall days by artificial observation as reference. The uniform rate of weighing sensor was 94.5%, which was a reference to the rainfall day observed by the somersault sensor. The relative average error of accumulated precipitation observed by the weighing sensor and the somersault sensor was -1.55%, which conformed to the specifications stipulated by the China Meteorological Administration that the relative error does not exceed ±4%. In the analysis of the daily precipitation, it was found that the average weight sensor measurement was 0.29 mm smaller than the somersault sensor. When there was process precipitation, the two were basically the same in the daily precipitation level discrimination. The data observed by the weighing sensor was less than the probability observed by the somersault sensor, and the difference between the two sensors was relatively consistent. Weighing sensors were no worse, or even better, at capturing tiny amounts of precipitation. The correlation coefficient between the daily precipitation observed by weighing sensor and the somersault sensor was 0.99826, reaching a significant correlation level of 0.01.

  Traceability Method of Rice Origin: Research Progress Hu Shengying, Ren Hongbo, Zhang Jun, Meng Li 2020, 36 (14):  148-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19040028 Abstract + ( 357 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1183KB )   ( 124 ) To study the traceability method of rice origin, we reviewed the application of stable isotope techniques, near-infrared spectroscopy, mineral element analysis techniques, organic component fingerprinting techniques, Raman spectroscopy, headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) in the geographical identification of rice. It was found that: the study of origin traceability was still relatively superficial; at present, only a few varieties with characteristics were selected for research and analysis; the established geographic identification method of rice was not universal. The future research should ensure the sufficiency of the samples, several techniques could be combined with multiple chemometric methods to improve the accuracy of the discrimination.

  Stability Analysis of Winter Wheat Varieties Based on Python Language Li Xiaohang, Wang Yinghong 2020, 36 (14):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010094 Abstract + ( 519 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1277KB )   ( 215 ) The study aims at selecting suitable stability analysis parameters and calculation methods for winter wheat varieties. Using the experimental data of winter wheat, five stability parameters were calculated by Python for the first time. The correlations of parameters were studied by rank correlation and principal component analysis. The results showed that the Python language could easily and flexibly calculate various parameters and rank correlation and analyze principal components. The correlation analysis showed that PCOA was significantly and positively correlated with yield; CV and Bi were significantly and negatively correlated with yield. The results indicate that the PCOA model can simultaneously evaluate yield and stability of varieties, and the multivariate method can be a useful complement to the univariate parameter model.