Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.15 Published:25 May 2020

  Interaction Between Fish Culture and Nitrogen Application: Effects on Soil Fertility, Rice Yield and Nutrient Accumulation in Paddy Fields Xu Fuxian, Zhou Xingbing, Zhang Lin, Jiang Peng, Liu Mao, Guo Xiaoyi, Zhu Yongchuan, Xiong Hong 2020, 36 (15):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020026 Abstract + ( 393 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1231KB )   ( 106 ) The paper aims to provide a scientific basis for fertilization management of fish culture in paddy fields. Taking a new hybrid rice variety ‘Nei6You106’ as material, we studied the coupling effects of fish-nitrogen-density on soil fertility, rice yield and nutrient uptake and accumulation in paddy fields under 3 fish-nitrogen treatments (CK: no fish + no nitrogen application, F: fish + no nitrogen application, FN: fish + 150 kg/hm 2 nitrogen application) and 4 seedling densities. The results showed that: the organic matters significantly increased, nitrogen maintained balance, phosphorus and potassium decreased significantly after fish culture in paddy fields; the overall trends of rice yield, over ground dry matter and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium under fish-nitrogen treatments were FN>F>CK, FN and F significantly increased rice yield by 22.98% and 13.43% compared with that of CK, respectively; there was no significant difference in rice yield in the range of 90000-225000 hills/hm 2, and the effects of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation increased with the increase of density; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements of above ground plants per 1000 kg of rice were 10.24-16.74, 1.31-2.72, 34.38-56.49 kg/hm 2, respectively. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be increased in fertilizer management of medium-high yield fish culture paddy fields.

  Application of Marker-assisted Backcrossing Breeding in Quality Improvement of Strong-gluten Wheat Zhao Lijuan, Song Weifu, Yang Xuefeng, Song Qingjie, Zhang Chunli, Xin Wenli, Xiao Zhimin 2020, 36 (15):  8-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010119 Abstract + ( 291 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1138KB )   ( 52 ) Marker-assisted backcrossing breeding is a method with strong purpose and predictability. The resistance, yield and quality are improved effectively by directional import, which has been applied in breeding process of crops. In order to clarify the application of the technology in quality improvement of strong-gluten wheat, the authors summarize the application categories of marker-assisted backcrossing breeding in the quality improvement of strong-gluten wheat, functional makers, the improvement of protein (quality and quantity) and starch in strong-gluten wheat, as well as the application prospect and the points for attention, hoping to provide useful information for strong-gluten wheat breeding.

  The Technical Route of Super High Yield Cultivation of Winter Wheat in the East Henan Plain Zhao Zhihong, Wang Jianshe, Guo Zhensheng, Zhao Hongxian, Huangfu Ziqi, Zhang Shenju 2020, 36 (15):  12-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020041 Abstract + ( 402 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1390KB )   ( 66 ) To explore the super high-yield cultivation technology route of winter wheat in the east Henan plain, four semi-winter varieties of three production levels were selected as materials, the analysis of yield structure change, the three components of yield composition and the regression and path were carried out. The results showed that the yield level increased from 9000-9750 kg/hm 2 to 9750-10500 kg/hm 2, and the planting density, the number of the harvested spikes, grain number per spike and the 1000-grain weight increased in the same pace, and the effective spike number increased greatly. A very significant regression relationship was found among the spike number (x1), grain number per spike (x2), 1000-grain weight (x3) and yield (y). Path analysis showed the contribution to yield listed in descending order of the 1000-grain weight, the number of spikes and the number of kernels per spike. Therefore, special attention should be paid to increasing the 1000-grain weight for the super high-yield cultivation of winter wheat in the east Henan plain, the number of effective panicles should be appropriately increased, and the number of grains per panicle should be stabilized. Therefore, the technical route of “one improvement, three increases, one stability and five prevention” for the super-high-yield cultivation of the semi-winter multi-ear type winter wheat in the east Henan plain was proposed.

  Correlation Analysis and Rapid Determination of Grain Dehydration Rate of Maize Varieties Wang Bangtai, Yang Meili, Wang Jing, Wang Zhihong, Guo Hua, Hou Xianjun, Zhang Wenbo, Chang Jianzhi 2020, 36 (15):  18-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020046 Abstract + ( 432 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1320KB )   ( 51 ) The objective of this study is to explore the variation trend and correlation of maize grain water content and dehydration rate in every growth period. Three maize hybrids (‘Xundan1538’, ‘Gaoyu1668’, and ‘Xundan18’) were used as materials. The main agronomic characters were analyzed with correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that grain water content and dehydration rate were obviously different among different hybrids, and the variation trends were different. The grain water content and ear water content had significantly positive correlation with leaf water content, and they had strong positive correlation with the upper internodes of ear and bract water content, while strong negative correlation with the third internodes above ground and ear dehydration rate, but none of them reached the significant level. The grain dehydration rate had obviously positive correlation with the whole ear dehydration rate, while it had strong negative correlation with the third internodes above ground and ear dehydration rate, but not significant. The whole ear water content measured by probe moisture meter had obviously positive correlation with drying water data, a mathematical model for calculating the true moisture content of corn seeds was established: y=1.565x-91.455 (R 2=0.63); the method of measuring grain water content with probe moisture meter was optimized. The results of seed dehydration rate analysis using the positive value of seed water branch were basically consistent with the results of drying method. There was little correlation between stem moisture content and leaf moisture content measured by probe moisture meter and drying method.

  The Improvement of ‘Huangzao-4’ Maize Inbred Lines Zhang Yongke, Wang Rui, Guo Yong, Wen Xiaoxia, Hai Jiangbo 2020, 36 (15):  24-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020016 Abstract + ( 572 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1191KB )   ( 45 ) The aim is to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of excellent maize inbred lines, the breeding of hybrids and the innovation of maize germplasm. 11 maize inbred lines, such as ‘Huangzao 4’, ‘Chang 7-2’, ‘Xinong 672’ and so on, were chosen for making 30 hybrid combinations as experimental materials with NCⅡ incomplete dialed cross design, the randomized block design was conducted in field experiments, and field investigation and indoor identification were combined to study the characteristics. LNT-SPSS software program was used to analyze the test data. The results were as follows: (1) the general combining abilities of the characteristics of ‘Huangzao-4’ inbred lines were generally low, the negative effect was obviously greater than the positive effect, only plant height, ear height and leaf area coefficient were positive; (2) the general combining abilities of the characteristics of ‘Chang 7-2’ were higher than those of ‘Hangzhou 4’, plant height, ear height and leaf area coefficient, rows per ear, grains per row, grain ratio and yield were positive, but ear length, length of seed setting and 100-grain weight were negative; (3) the ear length, length of seed setting, rows per ear, grains per row and yield of ‘Xinong 672’ had high positive effect, but 100-grain weight and grain ratio showed negative effect, the plant height, ear height and leaf area coefficient of ‘Xinong 672 were negative, they were adverse to those of ‘Chang 7-2’ and ‘Hangzao 4’. In conclusion, high base point inbred line receptor, donor group, successive new excellent genes’ introduction, the additive genetic variance utilization, and cumulating frequency of excellent genes are the key techniques for breeding new and excellent maize inbred lines.

  Selection and Breeding of New Maize Variety ‘Ruipu909’: Suitable for Mechanical Harvesting with Density Resistance, Stress Resistance and High Yield Wang Shirong, Wang Yan, Wu Zhong, Jia Xinyu, Wang Furong, Shao Linsheng, Wang Jianjun, Zhao Lifang, Yang Junwei, Li Yanliang 2020, 36 (15):  32-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020061 Abstract + ( 690 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1067KB )   ( 394 ) To adapt to dense planting of maize and meet the rapid mechanization development of agricultural production, the basic maize population was developed by using abroad excellent germplasm materials, then high-density and large-population selection, targeted inoculation and identification methods were adopted to obtain the new variety ‘Ruipu909’ with the disease-resistant self-line ‘RP86’ as female parent and ‘RP06’ as male parent. This variety has characteristics of density resistance, stress resistance, high yield and easy mechanical harvesting. The results show that the average yield of the regional test is 12589.5 kg/hm 2, 7.1% higher than that of the control variety. There are 111 test points, the yield-increase points accounted for 93%. The yield of production test is 12601.5 kg/hm 2, compared with the control variety, the yield increased by 7.7%, and there are 95% yield-increase points among the 54 test points. The average lodging rate in regional and production tests is 1.6%. ‘Ruipu909’ is resistant to northern corn leaf blight, stalk rot and ear rot. The crude starch content of seeds is 75.24%. In summary, the new variety ‘Ruipu909’ has multiple characteristics of high and stable yield, strong disease and lodging resistance, good quality, wide adaptability, density resistance and is suitable for mechanical harvesting. The variety was examined and approved by Shanxi Province in 2017 and was further approved by Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and passed the national authorization in 2018. The variety is suitable for popularizing and planting in middle-late maturing areas of spring sowing regions in eastern north China and northwest China and Huanghuaihai summer maize areas in southern Shanxi.

  Tropical Waxy Sorghum Germplasm: Breeding and Improvement Meng Yan, Meng Xianzheng, Chen Minju, Yuan Haibo, Zhang Fujuan, Guo Guangyu, Zhou Shuai, Sun Xiyun 2020, 36 (15):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030077 Abstract + ( 324 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1100KB )   ( 37 ) The aim is to analyze the use value of tropical waxy resources during sorghum breeding, and the resources’ effect on sorghum heterosis. Taking the germplasms from Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences as the materials, tropical waxy resources were introduced, and the stable sterile lines were bred. The agronomic traits were analyzed with variance analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed that the yield, grain weight and weight per ear of ‘M17A’ combination were significantly different from those of other combinations. The combination 8 had the highest yield per plot, which was 15.17 kg. The correlation coefficient between ear traits and yield was: grain weight > weight per ear > ear length > 1000-grain weight > axis length > shelling rate > cutin rate; the correlation coefficient between grain weight and yield was 0.957, which showed an extremely significant positive correlation, indicating that the germplasm with large ear and high seed setting rate should be selected during the sorghum high yield breeding. The starch content of ‘M17A’ was significantly different from that of other combinations, which meant that the sorghum starch content was controlled by genetic genes. Therefore, the material with large panicle type and low cutin rate should be selected for the utilization of tropical germplasm.

  Density and Environmental Factors Affect the Seedling of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus Wang Xiaofei, Wei Guojiang, Guan Xiangjun, Liu Shuxia, Xiao Yu, Wu Yaokun, Xu Haijun 2020, 36 (15):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020050 Abstract + ( 294 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1202KB )   ( 36 ) In order to clarify the effects of density and environmental factors on the growth characteristics of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus, in this experiment Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus was used as material, single factor experiment with randomized block design was adopted to determine the plant height, stem diameter, root diameter and root length. The results showed that density had the greatest influence on the plant growth, followed by humidity, and finally light and conductivity. Density was negatively correlated with plant height, stem diameter and root diameter, and positively correlated with root length (P<0.05). When the density was 400 plants/m 2, the plant height, stem diameter and root diameter were the largest, and the root length was the largest when the density was 1000 plants/m 2.

  Herbaceous Communities in Huangfengshan, Qinling Mountains: Interspecific Association Analysis Gao Jing, Wang Nan, Zhang Gang, Yan Yonggang, Sun Tao, Zhang Lin 2020, 36 (15):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010116 Abstract + ( 271 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1328KB )   ( 30 ) The paper aims to explore the interspecific association of herbaceous communities in Qinling Mountains. Based on 60 field samples, we studied the interspecific association of 30 herbs in Huangfengshan, Zuitou, Taibai by χ 2-test, association coefficient (AC), Ochiai index (OI) and so on. The results showed that: among 435 pairs of plant species, there were 301 significant negative correlations in the AC results; the OI results showed that the species pairs of weak association (0≤OI<0.5) was 5.80 times that of strong association (0.5≤OI≤1); the χ 2-test results showed that the pairs of negative and non-correlated species accounted for 21.15% and 76.78% of the total species pairs, respectively. In summary, the herbaceous species in this area are highly independent, the community as a whole is in an unstable state, and is still in the succession stage.

  Different Modes of Returning Farmland to Forest in Bashang Area of Northern Hebei: Effects on Soil Physicochemical Properties Yang Yue, Yang Yitian, Wu Zhiyong, Wu Caiwu, Han Yongjiao 2020, 36 (15):  54-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020045 Abstract + ( 346 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 35 ) To explore the evolution law of soil physicochemical properties under different modes of returning farmland to forest, we compared and analyzed the soil physicochemical properties under 3 different modes of returning farmland to forest (Hippophae rhamnoides Linn., Caragana korshinskii., Ulmus pumila L.) by taking the returning farmland to forest area in Bashang area of northern Hebei as the study object and the enclosed grassland as the control. The results showed that: the changes of soil physicochemical properties under different modes of returning farmland to forest were obvious; the average ranking of the soil bulk density was: Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. (1.17 g/cm 3)<Ulmus pumila L. (1.24 g/cm 3)<Caragana korshinskii. (1.26 g/cm 3)<enclosed grassland (1.61 g/cm 3); the average ranking of total porosity of soil was: Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.(55.29%)>Ulmus pumila L. (52.55%)>Caragana korshinskii. (51.93%)>enclosed grassland (38.85%); the average ranking of organic matter was: Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. (3.191%)>Caragana korshinskii .(3.128%)>Ulmus pumila L. (2.804%)>enclosed grassland (2.536%). After the implementation of returning farmland to forest, vegetation has a positive effect on soil physicochemical properties, different modes of returning to forest have different effects on soil physicochemical properties, and the effect of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn on physicochemical properties is the best.

  Organic Fertilizers Application Improves Soil Enzyme Activity in Tobacco Field Yang Delian, Zhou Xin, Li Gengxin, Du Chuanyin, Guan Ensen, Ma Sujing, Zhang Peng, Liu Zhenyu, Li Xiangying 2020, 36 (15):  60-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010118 Abstract + ( 377 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1123KB )   ( 43 ) To reveal the effect of organic fertilizer application on the soil enzyme activity in tobacco field, five kinds of organic fertilizer treatments were selected with single fertilizer application as control. Eight soil enzymes’ activities in tobacco field were determined during tobacco rosette stage, fast growth stage, budding stage, pre-harvesting stage and post-harvesting stage. After applying organic fertilizer, the activities of invertase and catalase in soil were increased in all the five stages. The effect of fermented cow manure on the sucrase activity was the greatest, and the application of compound organic fertilizer B had stronger influence on catalase activity. Organic fertilizers’ application improved the activity of polyphenol oxidase in soil during the post-maturing stage, fermented cow manure and fermented bean cake had significant effect. Organic fertilizers’ application improved dehydrogenase activity from the rosette stage to pre-harvesting stage. The activity of soil acid phosphatase and neutral phosphatase after fast growing stage was improved. Straw organic fertilizer and compound organic fertilizer A had greater influence on soil phosphatase activity. The soil alkaline phosphatase activity at budding stage and pre-harvesting stage was increased, and the two compound fertilizers and fermented cow manure had the greatest influence. In addition, the soil urease activity in tobacco field declined after organic fertilizer application compared with single fertilizer application. In conclusion, organic fertilizer application in tobacco field can change the soil enzyme activity and benefit soil conservation.

  Highly Efficient Degradation Bacteria: Remediation Effect on Soil Polluted by Fomesafen Yang Fengshan, Wang Yanbo, Sun Cong, He Jing, Wang Sijie, Ma Yukun, Fu Haiyan, Liu Chunguang 2020, 36 (15):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200992 Abstract + ( 413 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1331KB )   ( 196 ) To solve the problem that a large number of residues in soil caused by the long-term application of the herbicide fomesafen in soybean field is harmful to sensitive succession crops, in this study, the pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding bacterial fermentation liquid on germination rate of maize seeds and seedling growth index, and a field experiment was conducted to explore the effect of adding bacterial fermentation liquid on the residue of fomesafen in soil and maize grain and maize yield. Pot experiment showed that there were extremely significant differences in the emergence rates of maize between the 30 d and 60 d soil treatment groups, and there were significant differences in dry weights of roots. When the soil was treated with bacterial solution for 30 days, the residual fomesafen had little effect on the growth of maize seedlings. The results of field experiments showed that no fomesafen was detected in soil at harvest time, and 86.91%-97.87% fomesafen was absorbed by maize. The residual rate of fomesafen in maize seeds decreased by 21.8%-32.76% after the application of bacterial solution, which made the residue meet the national standard, and increased the number of maize sticks and the average yield of maize. The application of bacterial solution has a better remediation effect on the soil polluted by fomesafen and could reduce the harmful phenomenon of fomesafen to the following maize.

  Risk Zoning of Regional Lightning Disaster in Xining Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process Model Cai Zhongzhou, Hu Yanan, Jin Xin 2020, 36 (15):  74-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010136 Abstract + ( 361 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2741KB )   ( 166 ) Using the lightning disaster data from 2008 to 2017, the lightning data by ADTD from 2008 to 2017 and the economic and population data of 2017 in Xining, the authors selected lightning intensity, lightning density, artificial thunderstorm days, soil conductivity, river network density, population density, GDP density, life vulnerability index, economic vulnerability index and protective capacity index as lighting disaster risk evaluation indexes. The regional lightning risk was reflected by the disaster-causing factors, the exposure of hazard bearing body and the vulnerability of hazard bearing body on the basis of AHP model, and GIS was used to realize lightning risk division in Xining. The results showed that Baoku town in northeast and northwest of Datong County, and the zonal area from north to south at the junction of Huangzhong County and Xining City belonged to the high-risk area of lightning disaster. The main urban areas of Xining, most towns in Huangzhong County and the northeastern towns of Datong County belonged to the medium risk area. The southwestern towns of Huangyuan County and the central towns of Datong County belonged to the low-risk area.

  Agrometeorological Observation on Lycium barbarum L. in Qaidam: Method and Standard Establishment Yan Liangdong, Zhao Mengfan, Liang Zhiyong, Lei Yuhong, Yang Yinsheng 2020, 36 (15):  81-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020014 Abstract + ( 340 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1248KB )   ( 34 ) Based on the principles of continuity, wide applicability and operability, we formulated the Agrometeorological Observation Method of Lycium barbarum L., combined with the Agrometeorological Observation Code and the observational experiment of Lycium barbarum L. in Qaidam, established the methods and standards for the observation and assessment of the development period, growth condition, growth and yield of Lycium barbarum L. and agrometeorological disasters, insect pests and so on. At the same time, according to the problems existed in the actual observation, we put forward the solutions under special circumstances such as low temperature freezing damage, pest damage and so on, further optimized the observation standards to realize the standardization of meteorological observation, scientific research and service of Lycium barbarum L. in Qaidam, and provide technological support for high-yield and high-quality production of Lycium barbarum L..

  A Typical Frontal Heavy Fog in Guizhou: Cause Analysis Ji Tingyan, Niu Diyu, Qin Jie, Xia Xiaoling, Pei Xingyun 2020, 36 (15):  87-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020035 Abstract + ( 461 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 3022KB )   ( 99 ) To further improve the forecast level of frontal fog, we analyzed the causes of a persistent large-scale frontal fog occurred in Guizhou from January 3-4, 2017 by using synoptic map data and hourly observation data from automatic stations. The results showed that: the southerly airflow transported vapor from the Bay of Bengal and the south China Sea to Guizhou and other places; the 850 hPa temperature trough carried cold advection invasion and the formation of ground stationary front, which provided favorable weather conditions for this frontal fog; the continuous convergence of water vapor over Guizhou resulted in the development and thickening of low clouds, the formation of heavy fog on the ground was due to the descent and grounding of cloud bottom; the stationary front retreated to the east and moved northward, the warm and wet air flow in the southwest passed through the cold advection region, which caused the fog to continue to develop; the inversion layer gradually weakened and disappeared, the cloud floor rose, the fog also weakened and dissipated; the convergence of low-level airflow and the divergence of middle level airflow were beneficial to the formation of fog. During the fog period, the water vapor saturation and wind speed were small, and the temperature in the early stage was decreasing and kept stable in the middle and late stages near surface layer, which was conducive to the formation and maintenance of the fog.

  Grassland Temperature: Application in Frost Forecasting Hao Ling, Shi Yimin, Shi Dawei, Gu Chunlei 2020, 36 (15):  94-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020051 Abstract + ( 615 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1681KB )   ( 70 ) To avoid freezing damage to crops after frost, we used grassland temperature to predict frost. Based on hourly meteorological data from Lianyungang Meteorological Observatory during 2014-2016, including temperature, 0 cm ground temperature, dew point temperature, water vapor pressure, air pressure and 2 min average wind speed, which were the key factors affecting the grassland temperature in Lianyungang, we took these 6 elements as attribute features, and constructed a training sample set with grass temperature as a marker. The KNN data mining algorithm is combined to construct a grass temperature prediction model, and the frost occurrence is judged according to the grass temperature. The results showed that: the grass temperature prediction model based on the algorithm could achieve better prediction effect, the forecast average error was 1.2℃; according to the grass temperature, the accuracy of frost forecast reached 90.2%, which had a good indication especially for the prediction of the initial and the last frost. Therefore, the introduction of grass temperature as a prediction index of frost is of significance for avoiding crop damage.

  Taxonomy, Identification and Application of Rhizobium Yao Yanxuan, Jie Weiguang, Du Yan, Zhao Dongmei, Yan Xiufeng 2020, 36 (15):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010151 Abstract + ( 739 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 266 ) Leguminosae, as important food and cash crops, have been widely valued. Rhizobia are gram-negative bacilli which are ubiquitous in soil, and can form symbiotic nitrogen fixation system with legume plants. Rhizobium can not only increase the yield of plants, but also have no effect on the surrounding ecological environment. The symbiotic system of Rhizobium and leguminous plants has the highest biological nitrogen fixation efficiency, accounting for more than 65% of the total biological nitrogen fixation. The in-depth study of the symbiotic nitrogen fixation system is beneficial to the sustainable development of China’s agriculture. In recent years, more and more scholars have been involved in the classification, identification and application of Rhizobium. In this paper, the classification, morphological level, physiological and biochemical level, cell components, nucleic acid molecular level identification and application of Rhizobium are reviewed, which could provide references for the practical application of Rhizobium.

  Water Content in PDA: Influence on Growth and Development of Trichoderma aureoviride 1010 Conidia on Solid Medium Chen Jian’ai, Jia Mengying, Chen Weijing 2020, 36 (15):  106-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020001 Abstract + ( 335 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1424KB )   ( 190 ) The purpose is to clarify the influence of water content in potato glucose medium (PDA) on growth and development of Trichoderma aureoviride 1010 conidia, and to provide theoretical and technical support for industrial production of Trichoderma agent. In this study, potato glucose medium (PDA) was used as the basic medium with 17 kinds of water/nutrition and 16 kinds of water/agar to be inoculated with T. aureoviride 1010. Colony morpha and radius, hyphal growth, the development, morpha and quantity of conidial of T1010 were observed. In the mass ratio of water/glucose test, the largest approximate diameter was at the water/glucose mass ratio of 55.56, which was 7.94% higher than that in standard PDA. The growth limit value of T1010 at the water/glucose mass ratio of 83.33 was the highest. The maximum specific growth rate was 0.316/h at the water/glucose mass ratio of 500. The highest conidia yield per unit area of medium was at the water/glucose mass ratio of 25, and the conidia yield increased by 61.04% than that in standard PDA. The highest conidia yield per unit mass of glucose was at the water/glucose mass ratio of 55.56, and the conidia yield increased by 10.86% than that in standard PDA. In the mass ratio of water/agar test, the conidia yield per unit area of medium at the water/agar mass ratio of 38.46 was 21.72% higher than that of standard PDA medium, and the conidia yield per unit mass of agar at the water/agar mass ratio of 500 was significantly higher than that of standard PDA by 381.94%. When the ratio of water, potato, glucose and agar in PDA medium was 1000:36:18:26, conidia of T1010 developed well and produced high yield. Thus, matrix water regulation is the key point in solid fermentation production.

  Dof Transcription Factor in Pineapple Fruits Treated with Hexaldehyde Delaying Internal Browning Resistance: Expression Analysis Chen Li, Gu Hui, Jia Zhiwei, Hong Keqian 2020, 36 (15):  115-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100794 Abstract + ( 257 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1304KB )   ( 61 ) DNA binding with one finger (Dof) proteins, which are a family of plant-specific transcription factor (TF), plays important roles in diverse biotic and abiotic stress responses. The purpose of this study is to investigate the roles of Dof TF family members in internal browning (IB) resistance in the postharvest pineapple fruits. Pineapple fruits were used as materials, the pineapple fruits with IB were treated with the exogenous hexaldehyde, and then stored the treated at 25 ℃ for 8 days. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technique was adopted to analyze the changes in Dof TFs gene expressions during the storage duration of fruits inducted by IB resistance. 25 putative Dof TFs which were designated as AcDof1-AcDof25, were identified and isolated based on pineapple genome database. 0.1% (v/v) hexaldehyde treatment significantly delayed the ascent of IB index of fruits compared with the controls. qRT-PCR analysis showed that 18 out of 20 AcDof TFs were up-regulated after hexaldehyde treatment. Among them, 5 TFs, such as AcDof4, AcDof8, AcDof14, AcDof16 and AcDof18 had significant expression profiles between controls and the treated fruits. However, 1 AcDof, namely AcDof13, was apparently down-regulated by hexaldehyde treatment. These 6 AcDofs might be involved in the regulation of hexaldehyde delaying IB in different ways, thus they could be the related genes of IB.

  The Control of Pepper Blight by Bacillus spp.: Research Progress Ye Minshuo, Ma Yan, Huang Youjun 2020, 36 (15):  123-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010137 Abstract + ( 453 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 140 ) Pepper blight is a worldwide soil-borne disease, which occurs generally in pepper growing areas with more and more serious trend, and has caused huge economic loss. In order to find more efficient and environment-friendly biological control methods, and provide new ideas for disease control of pepper blight, the authors summarize the research about Bacillus spp. of pepper blight, and describe the following respects: strain source, screening method, strain identification method, culture fermentation and mechanism of disease control. The authors also discuss the way and main obstacles of Bacillus spp. application in practical production. Finally, the experimental condition, combination principles and cultivation methods of controlling pepper blight by Bacillus spp. are proposed.

  Observation on Tolerance of Indica Rice ‘A232’ and Its Progeny to Rice Leaf Roller Xie Rong, Li Yonghong, Song Qilun 2020, 36 (15):  130-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020047 Abstract + ( 287 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1308KB )   ( 40 ) Leaf roller is one of the most important insect pests that affect the high and stable yield of rice. It is of significance to screen and cultivate resistant (tolerant) varieties to conduct green control of rice leaf roller. Identification of resistant (tolerance) parents is the basis of insect-resistant breeding. From 2015, under the field condition in Lingshui County and Luxian County for 4 years, the responses of insect resistant ‘A232’, its progeny ‘Luhui 317’, and susceptible ‘F77’ to RLR and RSLR were observed through plot contrast test, respectively. The significant difference of leaf roll rate among the tested materials was tested. The results showed that the leaf roll rate of ‘F77’ in 2015 was 10.5%, 8.0% and 9.6% higher than that of ‘A232’ and ‘Luhui 317’, and the leaf roll rate of ‘F77’ in 2016 was 74.9%, 20.3% and 28.0% higher than that of ‘A232’ and ‘Luhui 317’, respectively. The difference of the two years reached 5% significant level. The leaf roll rate of ‘A232’, ‘Luhui 317’ and ‘F77’ of autumn sowing in 2017 was all above 90%, and their differences were not significant (P>0.05). However, the rate of grade 0 leaves of ‘A232’ and ‘Luhui 317’ was 4.4% and 8.7% higher than that of ‘F77’. The rate of grade 1 leaves of ‘A232’ and ‘Luhui 317’ was 11.7% and 22.1% higher than that of ‘F77’, the rate of grade 3 leaves of ‘A232’ and ‘Luhui 317’ was 16.0% and 30.4% lower than that of ‘F77’. The difference between them reached 5% significant level. ‘A232’ and ‘Luhui 317’ showed obvious tolerance to rice leaf roller in Luxian (P<0.05). After tests in different seasons and sites for years, ‘Luhui 317’ could be used as a variety to resist rice leaf roller. ‘A232’ is a variety that has moderate resistance to striped rice borer and tryporyza incertulas and has tolerance to rice leaf roller and rice stripe leaf roller.

  Control Effect of 960 g/L S-metolachlor EC on Gramineous Weeds in Corn Field Zhu Wenda, Yu Jinping, Qi Wenquan, He Yanhong, Li Lin, Liu Xiaohong 2020, 36 (15):  136-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010122 Abstract + ( 441 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1193KB )   ( 59 ) To clarify the control effect of 960 g/L S-metolachlor EC on gramineous weeds in corn field, the field test and instrumental analysis were conducted to investigate the control effect of the herbicide, and the effect of weed control on the light penetration rate in field, and the growth and yield of corn. The results showed that 960 g/L of S-metolachlor EC had significant and long-lasting effect on controlling Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crusgalli and Leptochloa panicea. The density control effect of weeds in different periods (30 d, 60 d and 90 d) after spraying was more than 90%, and the fresh weight control effect on weeds was 92.41%-99.47% after 90 days of treatment. The light penetration rate in the middle and lower parts of the corn field was significantly enhanced, so the light absorbance by corn was increased. The yield of corn was significantly increased by 23.28%-28.95%. The results showed that S-metolachlor can effectively control gramineous weeds in corn field and promote corn yield and farmers’ income.

  Effects of Several Herbicides on the Growth and Development of Maize Liu Jianwei, Wang Zongsheng, Shi Guangliang, Jiang Yanjun, Han Juhong, Li Qingmei, Yue Decheng 2020, 36 (15):  142-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010138 Abstract + ( 291 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1104KB )   ( 65 ) While herbicides can ensure crop yield, their phytotoxicity to crops also occurs frequently. The main maize varieties in east dry land of Gansu Province and several herbicides with good efficacy on malignant weeds were used as experimental materials. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of clopyralid 75% SG, atrazine 90% WG, MCPA-Na 56% SP and their 2 mixtures on main agronomic traits and yield of maize, aims to provide a basis for safe production of maize. The results showed that no herbicides were found to cause visible phytotoxicity to maize 0-7 days after application and at different growth stages. Clopyralid 75% SG, atrazine 90% WG, clopyralid 75% SG + atrazine 90% WG had slight effects on the plant height of maize at seedling stage, but with the enhance of self-defense ability of maize, herbicides had no significant inhibitory effect on the plant height of maize at subsequent growth stages. Different herbicides had no inhibitory effect on the stem diameter of maize at every growth stage, and there was no significant difference in ear diameter, effective ear length, grain numbers of per spike and 100-seeds weight. The yields of maize treated with herbicides increased by 21.93%-30.22% and -2.91%-3.69% compared with the blank control and artificial weed control, respectively. The tested herbicides are highly safe for maize and can be applied to weeds control in maize field.

  Study on Determination Method of Total Potassium in Flue-cured Tobacco Liu Zhiqiang, Zhao Zhengxiong 2020, 36 (15):  147-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020010 Abstract + ( 275 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1188KB )   ( 44 ) The H2SO4-H2O2 heating digestion method is the standard method for the determination of total potassium in flue-cured tobacco. This method is cumbersome to operate and has potential security risks. To improve the detection efficiency, the effects of the concentration, volume and time of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) on the potassium extraction were investigated. The results showed that 30 mL 0.5 mol/L HCl shaking for 30 min and 30 mL 1 mol/L CH3COOH for 40 min at room temperature (20-25℃) had considerably higher accuracy and recovery rate. The t-test showed that the results of the two extraction methods and the standard method had no obvious difference. The HCl extraction method was superior to the CH3COOH extraction method in terms of concentration and extraction time.

  Sesame Mechanized Production: Research Status and Development Tendency Zhang Yinping, Wang Qiang, Zhao Li, Lin Yongxiang, Zhang Yi, Xu Guizhen 2020, 36 (15):  152-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010144 Abstract + ( 483 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1269KB )   ( 94 ) The objective is to provide references for further innovative studies on sesame production in China, thus to enhance its international competitiveness. In view of the existing problems and research status of sesame production mechanization in China, we collect and sort out the domestic and foreign literatures related to sesame studies in the past decade. Then we summarize scientific research information about sesame at home and aboard, and analyze the current scientific advancement on sesame breeding adapting to mechanized planting, the sesame planting machinery, the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and supporting cultivation techniques. At last, the development direction of sesame mechanization research is discussed.

  Evaluation of Comparative Advantage of Sugarcane Planting Area in Yunnan Based on Remote Sensing Images Dong Xiuchun, Huang Ping, Li Zongnan, Liu Ke, Jiang Yi, Wang Si, Du Gang 2020, 36 (15):  160-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020059 Abstract + ( 431 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1780KB )   ( 195 ) To obtain the spatial distribution information of sugarcane planting area in Yunnan and evaluate the dominance of sugarcane planting, the spatial distribution and acreage of sugarcane in Yunnan were estimated by using Landsat8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images, corresponding data of in-situ survey and the method of maximum likelihood. Based on the remote sensing acreage, the dominance of sugarcane in each region was evaluated by using the method of comparative advantage index. According to the study, the average acreage of sugarcane in the study area between 2014 and 2016 was approximately 241233 hm 2, mainly distributed along major valleys in the southwest and south of Yunnan. About 88% of sugarcane acreage in Yunnan was from five regions as Licang, Dehong, Baoshan, Pu’er and Wenshan. The scale advantage index of Lincang, Dehong, Pu’er, Baoshan and Xishuangbanna was 4.76, 5.25, 2.07, 1.53 and 3.26, respectively, and these regions were considered as the dominant area for sugarcane planting. The scale advantage index of Wenshan, Yuxi, Honghe and Dali was lower than 1, indicating no obvious planting advantage. This study could provide references for the spatial layout and optimization adjustment of sugarcane planting in Yunnan.