Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.16 Published:05 June 2020

  Research article

  Nitrogen Application at Jointing Stage Under Different Drip Irrigation Amount: Effects on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat Zhang Yongqiang, Zhang Lu, Chen Chuanxin, Sai Lihan·Sai, Xue Lihua, Chen Xingwu, Lei Junjie 2020, 36 (16):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020063 Abstract + ( 387 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1349KB )   ( 119 ) The aim is to investigate the effects of nitrogen application at jointing stage on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation. Under the condition of field drip irrigation, ‘Xindong 41’ was used as the experimental material, and four different nitrogen application treatments [N0 (0 kg/hm 2), N1 (90 kg/hm2), N2 (180 kg/hm2), N3 (270 kg/hm2)] under three different drip irrigation amount [W1 (1500 m3/hm2), W2 (3000 m3/hm2), W3 (3450 m3/hm2)] were conducted to study the effects of different treatments on chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaf area index (LAI), leaf photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat. The results showed that the SPAD value of different nitrogen application treatments under three kinds of drip irrigation were all presented a trend of “first increase and then decrease” from jointing to milking stage, the maximum value was at the filling stage. LAI showed “first increase and then decrease” tendency and reached the maximum at booting stage. Under the same nitrogen application level, with the amount of drip irrigation increase, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of the leaves increased while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) decreased. At the low level drip irrigation amount (W1 treatment), increasing the nitrogen application at jointing stage could increase the spike number, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight, yield and harvest index effectively, but it had adverse effect on yield when the water was sufficient (W2 and W3 treatment). Based on the comprehensive analysis of various yield indicators and nitrogen use efficiency, under the condition of drip irrigation amount of 3000 m3/hm2 and the nitrogen application of 180 kg/hm2, the winter wheat could obtain relatively high grain yield and maximum nitrogen use efficiency.

  Combined Application of N, P and K Fertilizers: Effects on Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Utilization of Winter Wheat Yin Huanli, Guo Ya, Chang Feng, Wang Dandan, Li Lantao, Wang Yilun 2020, 36 (16):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100847 Abstract + ( 325 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1283KB )   ( 398 ) To explore the effects of combined application of N, P and K fertilizers on the yield, nutrient uptake, accumulation and utilization of winter wheat, promote high-yield and high-efficient fertilization, we carried out field experiments of winter wheat at different sites (Jiaozuo and Hebi) in Henan during 2017-2018, analyzed 7 NPK fertilizer application treatments [i.e., no fertilization (CK), only P and K were applied (CF-N), only N and K were applied (CF-P), only N and P were applied (CF-K), the optimal rate of N, P and K were applied (CF), combined application of controlled-release urea with urea at the ratio of 1:1 (CRU) and the farmers’ fertilization practices (FP)] on the yield of winter wheat, nutrient accumulation and uptake and use efficiency of aboveground parts. The results showed that: CF could significantly increase the yield of winter wheat; compared with CK and FP, the average yield of CF increased by 30.27% and 6.50%, respectively; compared with FP, the N, P and K accumulation of CF increased by 20.69%, 1.03% and 23.16%, respectively, in Jiaozuo; and increased by 9.99%, 3.27% and 13.88%, respectively, in Hebi; the average use efficiency of N, P and K fertilizers of CF in Jiaozuo and Hebi increased by 9.57, 7.17 and 9.83 percentage points than that of CRU, the agronomic efficiency increased by 0.85, 2.20 and 2.25 percentage points, respectively. In conclusion, CF treatment according to the rate of base/jointing fertilizer with 1:1 by adopting the amount of N, P and K fertilizers with 240, 105 and 90 kg/hm2, respectively, can significantly increase the yield of winter wheat and nutrient uptake and use efficiency.

  Effect of Different Mulching Types on Soil Temperature and Moisture and Tobacco Growth Zheng Meiying, Zhang Jiguang, Cheng Sen, Zhu Qifa, Xue Lin, Huang Zhongjiang, Dong Yubing, Wang Shengcai, Xiao Yansong, Cai Xianjie 2020, 36 (16):  13-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19040046 Abstract + ( 358 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1454KB )   ( 86 ) The effect of different mulching types on soil environment and growth of flue-cured tobacco was studied by field experiment. The no coverage, ordinary film mulching, three-dimensional film covering and straw mulching were carried out to clarify their ecological effect in tobacco field. The results showed that the soil temperature of different soil layers under different mulching types had similar trend, and the soil temperature decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the temperature changes of different soil layers under the same mulch type were consistent. The heat insulation effect of ordinary film mulching on soil temperature was the best, which could promote tobacco seedlings to grow quickly and early, but the high surface temperature at the rosette stage under mulching might affect the root growth. The effect of straw mulching on soil temperature during the growth period was relatively good, and the soil temperature of three-dimensional covering was the lowest of all during the early growth of flue-cured tobacco. Ordinary film mulching was not conducive to absorption the atmospheric rainfall into ridge soil, its soil water content was the lowest, meanwhile, it could avoid the soil nutrient leaching. Straw mulching had the best effect on soil moisture storage, followed by three-dimensional film covering. The ordinary film mulching was the most conducive to the growth of flue-cured tobacco at the rosette stage, followed by the straw mulching, and then the three-dimensional covering. The worst tobacco growth was found in the non-mulching treatment. And the straw mulching treatment had the highest root shoot ratio among all treatments. The results indicate that the effect of three-dimensional mulching on soil temperature and humidity and the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco at rosette stage is lower than that of ordinary film mulching. Further research should be carried out on the whole growth and development period of flue-cured tobacco, the characteristics of yield and quality, and the cost-benefit and environmental impact of mulching.

  Effects of Organic Fertilizer Partial Substitution for Chemical Fertilizer on Yield, Soil Physic-chemical Properties and Enzyme Activities of Flue-cured Tobacco Lu Yusheng, Gu Wenjie, Li Jiqin, Yang Shaohai, Liu Lan, Li Shuling, Shi Chaohong, Li Wanling, Wu Hangtao 2020, 36 (16):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19040052 Abstract + ( 374 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1262KB )   ( 140 ) To determine the feasibility of the substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco production and the optimized proportions of chemical fertilizer reduction, we compared the effects of different amounts of organic fertilizer as the substitution for chemical fertilizer on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco as well as the physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities of soil. The results showed that: (1) the organic fertilizer substitution for 15% N chemical fertilizer treatment was superior to the control treatment in plant height, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, effective leaf number and stem circumference; (2) the yield, output value, mid-high grade tobacco, high grade tobacco and average price of tobacco in the organic fertilizer substitution for 15% N chemical fertilizer treatment were higher than those of the control treatment, especially the proportion of high grade tobacco was 78.18% higher; (3) the chemical constituents of middle leaves were all coordinated, and the organic substitution treatment was better than the control treatment; (4) compared with the control treatment, the organic fertilizer substitution for 15% N chemical fertilizer treatment increased soil available P, total N, total K and available Si content, notably, the available Si content increased significantly by 55.47%; the organic fertilizer substitution for 15% N chemical fertilizer treatment also increased soil invertase, urease, dehydrogenase activity. In conclusion, the organic fertilizer substitution for 15% N chemical fertilizer treatment has the best effect for improving the yield of flue-cured tobacco and soil fertility.

  BvM14-GAI Gene: Cloning and Subcellular Localization Ma Chunquan, Sun Peilin, Li Haiying 2020, 36 (16):  28-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200907 Abstract + ( 540 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1876KB )   ( 69 ) GAI protein belongs to the DELLA subfamily of the GRAS family, and is involved in plant growth processes such as development, photosynthesis and stress tolerance. In the early research of the authors’ laboratory, it was found that the GAI gene of sugar beet M14 line (BvM14-GAI) was up-regulated under salt stress. To investigate the functions of BvM14-GAI, BvM14 was selected as experimental material, and the full-length of BvM14-GAI gene was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, the bioinformatics analysis and subcellular localization were conducted. The results showed that the full length cDNA of BvM14-GAI gene was obtained, and the results of bioinformatics analysis revealed that the full-length of BvM14-GAI gene was 1824 bp which encoded 607 amino acids with the predicted molecular mass of 66 kDa and the pI of 5.37. Multiple sequence alignment of BvM14-GAI and other GAI proteins showed that BvM14-GAI protein was highly homologous with the GAI proteins in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Subcellular localization prediction showed that BvM14-GAI protein was localized in the nucleus. Subsequently, the BvM14-GAI gene was ligated with the pCAMIA2300-eYFP vector, and the recombinant plasmids were transformed into Agrobacterium EHA105 and injected into tobacco. Finally the results exhibited that the BvM14-GAI protein was localized in the nucleus. In conclusion, the full-length cDNA of the BvM14-GAI gene is successfully obtained in this experiment, and subcellular location analysis confirms that the BvM14-GAI is localized in the nucleus. This work lays an important foundation for studying the function of BvM14-GAI gene.

  Design and Bioactivity Evaluation of Long-effective Modified Melittin (GPG) with Antitumor and Antibacterial Function Ye Ruobai, Wu Zhenhong, Miao Xiaoqing 2020, 36 (16):  34-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200116 Abstract + ( 369 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1566KB )   ( 220 ) The purpose is to improve the clinical application value of melittin. A series of polypeptide sequences were designed by hybridpeptide method. Based on the structure-activity relationship,we used the molecular structure of amphiphilic α-helix cationic peptide as the design template, to get the long-effective modified melittin with low toxicity, antitumor and antibacterial activity. Their bioactivities were compared and screened first by bioinformatics tools, then chemical synthesis was performed, and the bioactivities of the synthetic peptides were compared to obtain the designed target peptide (GPG). The experiment showed that GPG had long-term efficacy. When the concentration of GPG was 150 μmol/L, its hemolytic ratio was still zero, when the concentration was 33.3 μmol/L, the tumor inhibition ratio of H22, SMMC-7721 and SW-1116 tumor cells was (78.0±0.6)%, (74.0±1.2)% and (74.0±0.5)%, respectively. When the concentration was 100 μmol/L, the diameter of inhibition zone on Escherichia coli was (15.18±0.30) mm. When GPG (100 μmol per mouse) was injected, the life prolongation period of the lethal dose of Escherichia coli was 63.2 h. The above design can be time-saving and labor-saving, so that the target peptide (GPG) can be obtained, with low hemolyticity, strong anticancer and antibacterial activities, and long half-life. The result indicates that GPG is a whole new polypeptide series with clinical application prospect, and GRGDSP chain could be used as N terminal domain of modified melittin and its biological activities and half-life are improved.

  Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation on Economic Characters of Camellia oleifera Individuals in Dabie Mountain of Eastern Hubei Jiang Dezhi, Cheng Junyong, Du Yangwen, Yin Xingdong 2020, 36 (16):  42-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400057 Abstract + ( 316 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1281KB )   ( 67 ) To screen the superior germplasms of Camellia oleifera at the Dabie Mountain of eastern Hubei, an investigation of 28 individuals of C. oleifera seedlings was conducted in Hong’an, Macheng, Qichun of Hubei. Main economic characters such as crown yield, single fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit shape index, the ratio of seed to fresh fruit, the ratio of dry seed to fresh fruit, the oil rate of dry kernel and fatty acid composition were determined and analyzed. 12 major economic characters such as crown yield, single fruit weight, the ratio of dry seed to fresh fruit, the oil rate of dry kernel, oleic acid, linoleic acid were selected for fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. According to relevant standards of breeding techniques of C. oleifera, HQ-3, MF-46 and QY-105 were screened as superior individuals, whose average membership degree was 0.82639, 0.80718, and 0.80524, respectively, higher than that of other individuals. The crown yield, the ratio of seed to fresh fruit, the oil rate of dry kernel, oleic acid and linoleic acid content of the three individuals all met the requirements of the national standard Oil Tea Excellent Variety Breeding Technology, and could be developed and utilized as superior individuals.

  Effects of Chloride Ion and Saline Cations on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Vegetables Deng Xiao, Wu Chunyuan, Yang Guisheng, Wu Yongmei, Li Qinfen 2020, 36 (16):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400006 Abstract + ( 402 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1176KB )   ( 71 ) The paper aims to study the stress response of vegetable seeds to different saline ions. The seeds of water spinach, pepper and Chinese flowering cabbage were used as experimental materials, and four salts of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 were used as stress factors to explore the effects of chloride ion and saline cations on the seed germination and seedling growth of vegetables. The results were as follows. (1) The seed germination and seedling growth of water spinach and pepper were promoted by low concentration of chloride ion, but significantly inhibited by high concentration of chloride ion in the set concentration range of chloride ion. The seed germination and seedling growth of Chinese flowering cabbage were inhibited on salt stress, and the inhibitory effect was gradually enhanced with the increase of salt concentration. This indicated that water spinach and pepper had the ability to adapt to the saline soil environment to a certain extent, while Chinese flowering cabbage could not adapt to the saline soil environment. (2) The effects of different saline cations on the seed germination of water spinach and pepper were not significant under the same chloride ion concentration. The inhibitory effects of those on the seed germination of Chinese flowering cabbage was the strongest in K+ and the weakest in Na+. The inhibitory effects of different saline cations on the radicle and stem height of water spinach seedlings showed that K+ and Ca2+ were the strongest and the weakest respectively. The inhibitory effects of different saline cations on the radicle and stem height of Chinese flowering cabbage seedlings showed that Mg2+ and Na+ were the strongest and the weakest respectively. The inhibitory effects of different saline cations on the radicle height of pepper seedlings indicated that Na+ and Ca2+were the strongest and the weakest respectively, while that on the stem height of pepper seedlings indicated that Ca2+ and K+ were the strongest and the weakest respectively. It is concluded that the effects of different saline cations on seed germination and seedling growth of vegetables vary with vegetable varieties.

  Effects of Mixed Salt Stress on Biomass and Root Architecture of Iris lactea var. chinensis Yuan Zebin, Mu Changhong, Ouyang Xiuqin, Wang Bo, Sun Xiangli 2020, 36 (16):  55-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500198 Abstract + ( 268 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1297KB )   ( 63 ) The paper aims to study the effects of different salt stresses on the growth of the Iris lactea var. chinensis seedlings. The effects of NaCl and NaHCO3 single salt and different concentrations of salt solution on the root morphology, the ratio of dry weight to fresh weight in aboveground and underground, and the biomass were studied by means of indoor culture. The results showed that with the prolongation of stress time, the effect of 0.3% NaCl on leaf number and plant height growth was the smallest, followed by three mixed salt solutions, and the plant height increase reached the maximum on the 14 th day. The ratio of dry weight of shoots in the shoots treated with 0.3% NaHCO3 was 2.17 times of that of the blank control, and the dry weight of the shoots was 56.61% of the blank control. With the increase of NaHCO3 concentration in the mixed solution, the ratio of dry and fresh weight of the aboveground part showed an upward trend, and the ratio of dry to fresh weight in the ground showed a downward trend. After 35 days of treatment, the root length and root surface area of the horseshoe roots of 0.3% NaHCO3 stress decreased significantly compared with the control, by 39.73% and 26.08%, respectively, but there was no significant difference in root volume between the treatments. The results showed that 0.3% NaHCO3 solution had the strongest stress on the seedlings of Iris lactea var. chinensis, and the stress of the two single salts on the roots was stronger than that of the mixed salt, while the 0.3% NaCl solution had the weakest effect on the growth.

  Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Physiological Characteristics of Weigela florida ‘Gold rush’ Cui Jiping 2020, 36 (16):  61-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19040020 Abstract + ( 291 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1252KB )   ( 68 ) The study aims to explore the effect of nitrogen-potassium, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium, organic-inorganic fertilization on Weigela florida ‘Gold rush’ physiological characteristics, and to provide a basis for rational fertilization in growing seedlings and tree maintenance. The test was under field condition, treatments were set including control (T1), conventional fertilization (T2), nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium treatment (T3), organic-inorganic fertilizer treatment (T4), repeated 3 times. The results showed that: from June to September, the soluble sugar content of T4was higher than that of T3 by 28.54%, 32.31%, 24.92%, 23.85%, while the soluble sugar content of T3 was significantly higher than that of the control; the proline content of T4 was higher than that of T3 by 9.21%, 11.99%, 13.84%, and was significantly higher than that of T2, the proline content of T3 was significantly higher than that of control; the CAT activity of T4 was higher than that of T2 by 41.58%, 51.75%, 55.69%, 63.68%, there was no significant difference between T2 and T3; the SOD activity of T4 was higher than that of T3 by 8.97%, 28.49%, 30.19%, 44.85%, there was no significant difference between T2 and T3, and the SOD activity of T2 was significantly higher than that of the control; the chlorophyll content of T4 was higher than that of T3 by 13.00%, 15.14%, 22.33%, MDA content decreased by 36.71%, 43.17%, 48.76%. According to the comprehensive analysis, T4 has the most significant effect on improving physiological characteristics of Weigela florida ‘Gold rush’.

  Plantlet Regeneration from Leaves of Tissue Culture Seedlings of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Endless Summer’ Sun Xiaobo, Su Jiale, Chen Shuangshuang, Liang Lijian, Deng Yanming 2020, 36 (16):  67-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400010 Abstract + ( 498 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1307KB )   ( 160 ) The paper aims to establish a large-scale asexual reproduction system and efficient genetic transformation system of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Endless Summer’. The effects of leaf position, dark culture time and different hormone combinations on callus induction of leaves from ‘Endless Summer’ tissue culture seedlings and adventitious bud differentiation were studied. The results showed that the callus induction effect of the upper and middle leaves of a plantlet was good, and the 3 rd to 6th leaves were suitable for explant sampling. Initial dark culture was beneficial to leaf callus formation and the best effect of dark culture was 15-25 days. The optimum medium for inducing callus formation in leaves of ‘Endless Summer’ tissue-culture seedlings was MS+CPPU 3.0 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L, the callus induction rate was over 98%. The medium for callus proliferation and adventitious bud differentiation was MS+6-BA 1.0-2.25 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L.

  The Introduction and Biological Characteristics of Four Foreign Sambucus Germplasm Resources Ding Xin, Guo Wei, Shen Xihui, Cheng Jianming, Sun Meng 2020, 36 (16):  73-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200935 Abstract + ( 356 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1265KB )   ( 51 ) To explore the introduction performance and adaptability of four elderberry varieties in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, four foreign elderberry varieties named ‘Aurea’, ‘Plumosa Aurea’, ‘Variegata’ and ‘Thunder Cloud’ were regularly observed and the analytic hierarchy process was used for character evaluation for five consecutive years from 2015 to 2019. The results showed that the four elderberry varieties could grow, blossom and fruit normally in Zhengzhou open field cultivation. All the four elderberry varieties were robust, flourishing, long-blooming and resistant to low temperature. The weight distributions of ornamental, adaptability and growth characteristics were 0.4, 0.3 and 0.3 respectively for comprehensive analysis and evaluation. The comprehensive score was shown as ‘Aurea’ > ‘Variegata’ >‘Plumosa Aurea’ > ‘Thunder Cloud’. It shows that the four elderberry varieties have high ornamental value and adaptability, and they could be widely used in Zhengzhou urban landscaping and beautification.

  Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Nutrient Elements, Yield and Quality of Pueraria thomsonii He Minghui, Yang Yuanning, Wang Yan, Wang Xueli, Pan Guofei, Ou Kunpeng 2020, 36 (16):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200105 Abstract + ( 306 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1325KB )   ( 90 ) To investigate the effects of organic fertilizer application on the distribution of N, P and K in different parts of Pueraria thomsonii as well as on the yield and quality, with ‘Guifenge No.1’ as the material, a field experiment of random block group was conducted, 6 fertilization levels were set. The results showed that: the concentration of N and P in tuberous root and leaf and the concentration of K in rattan and leaf were increased by applying organic fertilizer, while the N concentration in rattan and K concentration in tuberous root were decreased. The yield and commercial rate of tuberous root of P. thomsonii were increased with the application of organic fertilizer, except A2, the yield of A1, A3, A4 and A5 was increased by 10.46%, 5.99%, 14.98% and 7.17%, respectively. The concentration of starch and puerarin in tuberous roots increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application, especially puerarin content, which was sensitive to the application amount of organic fertilizer. Considering the production, quality and cost factors, in actual production, the suitable application amount of organic fertilizer is 6000 kg/hm 2. In summary, the application of organic fertilizer could change the distribution of N, P and K in tuberous roots, rattan and leaves, improve the yield and commercial rate of tuberous roots, and promote the synthesis of effective ingredients.

  Synthetical Evaluation and Empirical Research of Creative Agricultural Theme Parks Based on AHP: A Case Study of 12 Creative Agricultural Theme Parks in Southern Jiangsu Wang Qian, Jiang Weibing, Wei Jiaxing, Han Jian 2020, 36 (16):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400020 Abstract + ( 446 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2429KB )   ( 53 ) To provide theoretical and practical reference for the synthetical evaluation of leisure agricultural parks’ construction effectiveness based on theme creativity, this paper takes 12 creative agricultural theme parks in southern Jiangsu as examples, uses AHP method to construct a comprehensive evaluation system with three evaluation criteria: creative expression of theme, landscape construction, tourism management and operation. The weights of the indicators were obtained by expert scoring method and 1-9 scale method, and the selected cases were scored according to data collection and field investigation. The results showed that: (1) 4 of 12 farm gardens were in grade I, 6 were in grade II and 2 were in grade III; (2) while the overall construction of creative agricultural theme parks in southern Jiangsu achieved some results, there were still some common problems. Based on the results, five optimization strategies are put forward: (1) grasping the core of theme creativity, expanding and deepening main body of the industry; (2) highlighting the characteristics of agricultural elements, enriching the experience feelings of activities; (3) improving the construction level, maintaining the landscape sustainability; (4) perfecting the operating mechanism, cultivating relevant professionals; (5) strengthening communication and cooperation; promoting the level of publicity.

  Effect of Biochar Addition on Soil Nitrogen Migration in Greenhouse Vegetable Field Wang Yao, Zhang Lei, Jiao Xiaoguang, Chen Yimin, Sui Yueyu 2020, 36 (16):  91-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000782 Abstract + ( 262 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1308KB )   ( 91 ) To explore the effect of biochar application on soil nitrogen transfer in greenhouse vegetable field, regular irrigation and fertilizer (WF), regular irrigation and fertilizer+ biochar (WFB), 80% irrigation and 80% fertilizer+ biochar (80%WFB) in black soil of greenhouse vegetable field were conducted and the effects of biochar addition on ammonia and nitrate were studied. The results showed that in the 0-100 cm soil, with the increase of soil depth, the content of nitrate decreased gradually, and the leaching amount of ammonium and nitrate in different soil layers decreased significantly when biochar (WFB, 80%WFB) was applied. The leaching amount of ammonium in the 0-60 cm soil layer under WFB and 80%WFB was 52.87% and 49.39% lower than that of the control (WF) (P<0.05), respectively; the leaching amount of nitrate in 0-40 cm soil layer under WFB was 32.22% lower than that in WF(P<0.05). During the growth period of eggplant, the application of biochar could increase the content of soil ammonium and nitrate at seedling stage and early fruit stage, thus inhibiting the leaching amount of nitrate in soil; however, the application of biochar had no effect on the content of ammonium and nitrate at full fruit stage and uproot stage. In conclusion, the application of biochar could effectively inhibit the leaching and migration of nitrogen in greenhouse vegetable field.

  Covering Ecological Sawdust: Effects on Soil Temperature and Humidity in Urban Park Hou Shixing, Li Wei, Sun Yuhong, Hu Na, Wen Junbao 2020, 36 (16):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020067 Abstract + ( 411 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1201KB )   ( 164 ) To achieve the recycling of green garbage, evaluate quantitatively the effects of covering ecological sawdust on soil surface temperature and humidity, we measured the soil surface temperature and humidity by soil hygrometer for 1 year. The results showed that: laying ecological sawdust in winter could have good heat and moisture preservation effect, the soil moisture content without laying sawdust dropped rapidly to less than 10%, and the soil moisture content of the whole winter after laying ecological sawdust of 15-20 cm kept above 16%, and the soil temperature of the latter was 2℃ higher than that of the former; in summer, the moisture content of the sample trees with ecological sawdust of 5-10 cm was lower than that of the control group and other experimental groups without ecological sawdust, but the effects on temperature was not obvious; in winter, covering ecological sawdust had obvious heat and moisture preservation effect on soil surface, and the thicker the ecological sawdust, the more significant the effect on heat and moisture preservation; in summer, the optimal thickness of ecological sawdust was 5-10 cm, which could not only play the role of spongy body to absorb excess water, but also avoid physiological water shortage of plants due to the increase of temperature difference between canopy and root system after covering ecological sawdust. Therefore, we suggest the thickness of ecological sawdust in urban parks should be 5-10 cm.

  Frost Disaster in Jilin: The Risk Assessment and Regionalization Based on GIS Qiu Yixuan, Hu Yixin, Zhang Ting, Wang Liwei, Li Yufan 2020, 36 (16):  101-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020078 Abstract + ( 362 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1867KB )   ( 240 ) According to the disaster risk theory, the risk assessment and regionalization of frost disaster in Jilin were conducted to reduce the damage caused by frost disaster and provide a basis for the rational distribution of agricultural production. On the basis of daily minimum surface ground temperature, frost disaster data and crop planting area data, by using the natural disaster risk index method, weighted comprehensive analysis and analytic hierarchy process, we assessed the disaster-causing factors, sensitivity of hazard inducing environment and vulnerability of natural disaster bodies, and studied the risk assessment and regionalization of frost disaster in Jilin based on GIS. The results showed that: the frost disaster in Jilin could be divided into 5 levels, i.e. the highest, the high, the middle, the low and the lowest; the high and highest risk areas of early frost were located in Baicheng, Changchun, Jilin and Siping; the high and highest risk areas of late frost were located in Changchun, Jilin and Yanbian; the early and late frost risk regionalization results were both positively correlated with the frost disaster data significantly, the correlation coefficients were 0.496 and 0.490 (P<0.01), respectively. The frost disaster risk assessment model could reflect the distribution characteristics of the early and late frost risk, and there are differences between early frost and late frost in spatial distribution; the correlation analysis shows that the risk regionalization results tally with the frost disaster data. Under the background of climate warming, we need to attach importance to frost disaster.

  The Snowstorm on January 3-4 of 2018 in Henan: Diagnostic Analysis and Numerical Simulation Dong Junling, Liu Chao, Meng Handong 2020, 36 (16):  108-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020065 Abstract + ( 335 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2664KB )   ( 113 ) The paper aims to discuss the cause and mechanism of snowstorm process in Henan, analyze the simulation effect of WRF model on snowstorm, and improve the forecasting accuracy. Based on NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data and conventional observation data, we analyzed the large scale snowstorm process on January 3-4 of 2018 in Henan and the simulation results of WRF model. The results showed that: the upper-level trough, lower-level sheer line and jet stream, and surface cold air were the major system affecting the snowstorm; the favorable water vapor condition, lower-level convergence and upper-level divergence, accompanied by strong ascending motion, were more conductive to the snowstorm. The WRF model could simulate the intensity and range of the snowstorm quite well, indicating that the model has certain reference value for the forecast of snowstorm.

  Comparison of the Incidence of Rice Blast Among 24 Rice Varieties in Southwest Hubei Province Han Haojie, Han Xuchen, Tan Yanping, Liu Xuequn, Liu Xinqiong, Xu Xin, Li Kai, Wang Chuntai 2020, 36 (16):  115-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100036 Abstract + ( 304 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1166KB )   ( 99 ) To compare the incidence of rice blast among 24 rice varieties in southwest Hubei and screen suitable varieties, the 24 rice varieties were planted in 10 locations, Zhonglu, Laifeng, Badong, Jianshi, Changyang, Hefeng, Xuan’en, Baiyang and Xianfeng, with Wuhan Huangpi as control, and the incidence of leaf blast and neck blast were investigated between 2018 and 2019. The results showed that the incidence of blast in all the above areas in 2019 was significantly higher than that in 2018. The most severe outbreak was Xuan’en, and no rice blast occurred in Xianfeng for 2 years. Among the 24 varieties tested, ‘Rongyou Huazhan’ has the best resistance and it is suitable for popularizing in southwest Hubei.

  Effect of Soil Disinfection with Dazomet on Soil Bacterial Community Structures of Cabbage Clubroot Disease at High Mountain Area Hu Hongtao, Zhu Zhigang, Jiao Zhongjiu, Min Yong, Qiu Zhengming 2020, 36 (16):  120-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030071 Abstract + ( 339 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 62 ) This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soil disinfection with dazomet (DA) on bacterial communities in the soil with cabbage clubroot disease at the high mountain area, aiming to control cabbage clubroot disease by soil disinfection. High throughput sequencing technology of bacterial 16S ribosomal genes was utilized to study the effect of dazomet (DA) soil disinfection on soil bacterial community structures of cabbage clubroot disease at the high mountain area. High throughput sequencing gained 9445 bacterial OTUs (operational taxonomic units), of which 2327 bacterial OTUs (24.64%) were commonly detected in three treatments. The community structures of bacteria at phylum and genus level in the DA-treated soil were similar to those in CK, but a part of phyla and genera had greater changes in abundance. All four types of bacterial α diversity indexes in the DA-treated soil had no significant difference with CK (P>0.05). Analysis of β diversity index showed that the distance in the DA treatment was closer to the fluazinam treatment, but was farther to CK. Metastats analysis demonstrated that, compared to CK, there were 1 phylum and 24 genera of bacteria with significant changes in abundance in the DA treatment, of which soil beneficial bacteria were significantly increased, whereas there were 4 phyla and 16 genera of bacteria that were detected to have significant changes in abundance in the fluazinam treatment. The above results showed that soil disinfection with DA had no significant effect on bacterial diversities, and less influence on bacterial community structures than fluazinam, and was benefit to the recovery and re-construction of soil bacterial community structures.

  Crude Extracts of Ginger and Garlic: Inhibition on Cabbage Fusarium Wilt Wang Yifan, Lu Yun, Li Erfeng 2020, 36 (16):  128-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400033 Abstract + ( 497 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2366KB )   ( 90 ) The purpose is to explore the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of ginger and garlic crude extracts on cabbage Fusarium oxysporum and the effect on mycelial morphology, so as to obtain the optimum concentration of plant crude extracts to inhibit pathogens. The crude extracts of ginger and garlic were used as experimental material to determine the effects on the growth, spore concentration, spore germination rate and mycelial structure of F. oxysporum at different concentrations. The results showed that both crude extracts could inhibit and reduce the growth rate, spore concentration and spore germination rate of F. oxysporum, and the inhibition effect of garlic crude extract was more significant than that of ginger crude extract. The effect of garlic crude extract on mycelial morphology and structure was also more obvious than that of ginger crude extract at low concentration, and the effect of crude garlic extract was significantly different from the control at different concentrations. When garlic concentration was 0.4 g/mL, the spore germination rate of F. oxysporum was 100% inhibited. This research confirms that garlic has a significant inhibition effect on cabbage Fusarium wilt, and provides a reference for the field control of cabbage Fusarium wilt by intercropping and rotating with garlic.

  Effect of Compound Biocontrol Agents on the Occurrence of Banana Fusarium Wilt Sun Jie, Ma Fengjuan, Xie Kaizhi, Xu Peizhi, Gu Wenjie, Lu Yusheng, Li Xia, Sun Lili 2020, 36 (16):  135-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19040058 Abstract + ( 324 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1477KB )   ( 77 ) Fusarium wilt of banana, popularly known as Panama disease, is a lethal fungal disease caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Recently, China’s banana production has been seriously threatened by the emergence of Fusarium wilt in the major production regions. It is believed that the biological control of this disease is an alternative to the chemical fungicides and other conventional control methods. The application potential of this biological control technique is greatly supported by our previous study, and the results of in vitro antagonistic activity test indicated that the combination of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma viride. XP1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. XP2) exhibited significant bacteriostatic effect on Foc. The objective of our current study is to further assay the effects of multiple biocontrol bacteria on Fusarium wilt through pot experiment, thereby providing the theoretical support for the biocontrol mechanism of Fusarium wilt. The experiment is a randomized complete block design with four treatments: control (CK) treatment: inoculating inactivated Foc4-GFP (100 mL)+ inactivated compound biological agent (500 mL), T1 treatment: inoculating Foc4-GFP (100 mL)+ inactivated compound biocontrol agent (500 mL), T2 treatment: inoculating Foc4-GFP (100 mL)+ compound biocontrol agent (100 mL)+ inactivated compound biocontrol agent (400 mL), T3 treatment: inoculating Foc4-GFP (100 mL)+ compound biocontrol agent (500 mL). The activities of antioxidant enzyme and cell wall degrading enzyme, content of nosotoxin, leaf number, plant height, cauloid diameter, root system length and disease index of banana seedlings were measured. The seedlings inoculated with mixed biocontrol bacteria had significantly lower activities of antioxidant enzyme, cell wall degrading enzyme, and the content of nosotoxin than those of control treatment (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the content of fusarium acid (FA), beauvericin (BEA) and enniatine (EB) of banana seedlings of T2 and T3 treatments were reduced by 93.31%, 93.64%, 94.71% and 94.56%, 95.76%, 97.87% compared with T1 treatment, respectively. The inoculation of mixed biocontrol bacteria showed positive effects on Fusarium wilt resistance and growth of banana plants, and the control efficiency of T2 and T3 treatments on banana Fusarium wilt was up to 81.7% and 95.0%, respectively. The biocontrol technique via inoculating mixed bacteria strains could be a good choice to control banana Fusarium wilt, reduce the activities of CAT, POD, PAL, CMC and PME, and remarkably decrease the content of nosotoxin in banana seedlings, achieving the control efficiency of 81.7%.

  Agricultural Microclimate Observation Sensor: Based on Internet of Things by Using STM32 System An Xuewu 2020, 36 (16):  143-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030006 Abstract + ( 516 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1540KB )   ( 48 ) To realize the design of agricultural microclimate observation system with distributed measurement, it is necessary to design an observation sensor with small-size and relatively low-cost. Sensor design and manufacture were achieved by applying STM32 system and adopting modern electronic design technology and intelligent software and hardware development. The results showed that: the application of STM32 system for the main control unit hardware design and its own standard library function development firmware could not only meet the functional requirements, but also have low costs for design and production. The integrated sensor could serve the needs of agricultural microclimate observation, moreover, compared with the agricultural microclimate observation system with centralized control, it had the advantages of installation and maintenance, its small in size and “all wireless” design would not affect the agricultural activities. In conclusion, intelligent sensor design based on the Internet of Things lays a foundation for the distributed measurement.

  Application of Computer Vision Technology in Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis of Rice: Research Progress Yang Hongyun, Luo Jianjun, Wan Ying, Sun Aizhen 2020, 36 (16):  149-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100832 Abstract + ( 430 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1340KB )   ( 73 ) To explore the relationship between the appearance characteristics of rice canopy and the nitrogen nutrition status of rice, the basic ideas and research progress of the application of computer vision technology in rice nitrogen nutrition diagnosis were summarized. This paper mainly discusses the acquisition of conventional rice nitrogen nutrition index, the acquisition and preprocessing of rice canopy image, the extraction and optimization of features, and the establishment of rice nitrogen nutrition diagnosis model. It is pointed out that the methods of rice canopy image acquisition, rice image processing and optimization of multiple comprehensive characteristics need to be further studied, and the methods of using machine learning to diagnose and model rice nitrogen nutrition need to be further explored. In the future, it is necessary to increase the application of computer vision technology in the research of rice nitrogen nutrition diagnosis, and combine multiple image processing methods, characteristics optimization selection methods and machine learning modeling methods together to explore a more simple and easy method for rice nitrogen nutrition diagnosis.

  Practice and Reflection on Implementing the Reform of ‘Streamline Administration and Delegate Power’ in the Management of Agricultural Scientific Research Projects by Professional Institutions: Take Development Center for Science and Technology, MARA as an Example Zhong Dasen, Zhang Zhao, Xu Ning, Zhang Kai 2020, 36 (16):  156-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020069 Abstract + ( 569 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1120KB )   ( 303 ) With the deepening of the reform of ‘streamline administration and delegate power’ in the field of science and technology, new requirements are put forward for the management and service of scientific research projects. Taking into consideration of the practice and exploration of the professional organization in project management, we analyze the background and requirements of the reform of ‘streamline administration and delegate power’, summarize the experience and practice of professional institutions in implementing the reform in the management of agricultural scientific research projects, and on this basis, we put forward suggestions for further implementing the reform: understanding the essence of the reform, strengthening the ‘legal person responsibility’ of project-bearing units, focusing on the ‘setting a good orientation and position, strengthening innovation, cooperation and achievement transformation’ work for project implementation, enhancing the innovation of internal management system and mechanism of professional institutions, and exploring the measures of specialized and fine management.

  The Status and Sustainable Development of Edible Fungi Industry in Guizhou Li Yinfeng, Liu Xiaozhu 2020, 36 (16):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030101 Abstract + ( 931 )   HTML ( 42 )   PDF ( 1026KB )   ( 365 ) The characteristics and advantages of edible fungi industry in Guizhou were analyzed. Results demonstrate that Guizhou possesses more advantages in natural condition, traffic condition and policy condition for the development of edible fungi industry. The edible fungi industry scale in Guizhou has gradually expanded, with the highlight on brand effects. At the same time, the disadvantages of edible fungi industry development in Guizhou are also discussed, such as lacking industry norms, relatively simple product structure and insufficient industry talents. Based on the analysis, suggestions on the sustainable development of edible fungi industry are put forward, including reinforcing the development of edible fungi industry, strengthening the scientific and technological support and talent cultivation, establishing the industry norms under the overall planning of the government, and highlighting the comprehensive development and utilization of fungus residues.