Combined Application of N, P and K Fertilizers: Effects on Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Utilization of Winter Wheat

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100847

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effects of combined application of N, P and K fertilizers on the yield, nutrient uptake, accumulation and utilization of winter wheat, promote high-yield and high-efficient fertilization, we carried out field experiments of winter wheat at different sites (Jiaozuo and Hebi) in Henan during 2017-2018, analyzed 7 NPK fertilizer application treatments [i.e., no fertilization (CK), only P and K were applied (CF-N), only N and K were applied (CF-P), only N and P were applied (CF-K), the optimal rate of N, P and K were applied (CF), combined application of controlled-release urea with urea at the ratio of 1:1 (CRU) and the farmers’ fertilization practices (FP)] on the yield of winter wheat, nutrient accumulation and uptake and use efficiency of aboveground parts. The results showed that: CF could significantly increase the yield of winter wheat; compared with CK and FP, the average yield of CF increased by 30.27% and 6.50%, respectively; compared with FP, the N, P and K accumulation of CF increased by 20.69%, 1.03% and 23.16%, respectively, in Jiaozuo; and increased by 9.99%, 3.27% and 13.88%, respectively, in Hebi; the average use efficiency of N, P and K fertilizers of CF in Jiaozuo and Hebi increased by 9.57, 7.17 and 9.83 percentage points than that of CRU, the agronomic efficiency increased by 0.85, 2.20 and 2.25 percentage points, respectively. In conclusion, CF treatment according to the rate of base/jointing fertilizer with 1:1 by adopting the amount of N, P and K fertilizers with 240, 105 and 90 kg/hm², respectively, can significantly increase the yield of winter wheat and nutrient uptake and use efficiency.

Key words: winter wheat, yield, NPK, nutrient accumulation, fertilizer use efficiency

CLC Number:

S512.1

Yin Huanli, Guo Ya, Chang Feng, Wang Dandan, Li Lantao, Wang Yilun. Combined Application of N, P and K Fertilizers: Effects on Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Utilization of Winter Wheat[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(16): 7-12.

Figures/Tables 5

References 27

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地点	pH	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	有机质/(g/kg)
焦作市	7.74	128.14	36.05	195.92	14
鹤壁市	8.01	101.4	48.07	177.55	21.38

地点	pH	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	有机质/(g/kg)
焦作市	7.74	128.14	36.05	195.92	14
鹤壁市	8.01	101.4	48.07	177.55	21.38

处理	施肥量N-P₂O₅-K₂O/ (kg/hm²)	肥料种类
不施肥(CK)	0	—
磷钾配施(CF-N)	0-105-90	过磷酸钙(P₂O₅12%)+氯化钾(K₂O 60%)
氮钾配施(CF-P)	240-0-90	普通尿素(N 46.4%)+氯化钾(K₂O 60%)
氮磷配施(CF-K)	240-105-0	普通尿素+磷酸二铵(N 15% P₂O₅ 42%)
氮磷钾肥优化配施(CF)	240-105-90	普通尿素(N 46.4%)+磷酸二铵(N 15% P₂O₅ 42%)+氯化钾（K₂O 60%）
控释尿素与普通尿素1:1配施(CRU)	240-105-90	50%普通尿素(N 46.4%)+50%控释尿素(N 43.2%)+磷酸二铵(N 15%,P₂O₅ 42%)+氯化钾(K₂O 60%)
农民习惯施肥(FP)	750	复合肥（焦作市为25-14-6,鹤壁市为20-20-5）

处理	施肥量N-P₂O₅-K₂O/ (kg/hm²)	肥料种类
不施肥(CK)	0	—
磷钾配施(CF-N)	0-105-90	过磷酸钙(P₂O₅12%)+氯化钾(K₂O 60%)
氮钾配施(CF-P)	240-0-90	普通尿素(N 46.4%)+氯化钾(K₂O 60%)
氮磷配施(CF-K)	240-105-0	普通尿素+磷酸二铵(N 15% P₂O₅ 42%)
氮磷钾肥优化配施(CF)	240-105-90	普通尿素(N 46.4%)+磷酸二铵(N 15% P₂O₅ 42%)+氯化钾（K₂O 60%）
控释尿素与普通尿素1:1配施(CRU)	240-105-90	50%普通尿素(N 46.4%)+50%控释尿素(N 43.2%)+磷酸二铵(N 15%,P₂O₅ 42%)+氯化钾(K₂O 60%)
农民习惯施肥(FP)	750	复合肥（焦作市为25-14-6,鹤壁市为20-20-5）

地点	处理	穗粒数	千粒重/g	穗数(×10⁶/hm²)	生物量/(kg/hm²)	产量/(kg/hm²)
鹤壁市	CK	29.99±3.35b	48.43±1.29a	5.27±0.38b	14274±1362c	5154±516d
	CF-N	30.16±3.78b	47.70±1.39ab	5.52±0.51ab	14501±8672c	5618±205cd
	CF-P	33.21±1.86ab	46.63±1.00ab	5.93±0.27ab	15012±5112bc	6149±592bc
	CF-K	35.36±2.96a	46.22±1.35b	5.88±1.11ab	16721±6422a	6506±598abc
	FP	34.78±1.57a	47.56±1.04ab	6.06±0.59ab	15451±1112abc	6785±429ab
	CRU	35.09±1.37a	47.64±0.45ab	6.17±0.31ab	16280±6302ab	6947±705ab
	CF	34.98±1.00a	46.49±1.10ab	6.39±0.44a	16521±1052a	7133±163a
焦作市	CK	29.38±2.21c	48.43±1.40a	5.22±1.06c	13971±104bc	6874±162d
	CF-N	34.56±0.93ab	47.80±0.32a	5.61±0.31bc	13998±320bc	7318±217cd
	CF-P	36.75±2.45ab	46.04±0.98ab	5.83±0.35abc	14576±758abc	7815±82abc
	CF-K	35.56±3.22ab	46.33±2.06ab	5.99±0.09abc	14414±1855abc	7706±453bc
	FP	37.80±1.62a	46.02±1.67ab	6.05±0.06ab	13517±1435c	7928±217abc
	CRU	33.39±0.78b	46.41±0.40ab	6.22±0.30ab	15631±785a	8317±509ab
	CF	35.54±2.44ab	46.37±3.20ab	6.43±0.08a	15257±409ab	8536±883a