Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.17 Published:15 June 2020

  Screening of New Wheat Germplasm and Breeding of New Wheat Variety With Drought and Heat Resistance Bi Hongyuan, Chai Yongfeng, Zhao Zhiyong, Li Xiurong, Wang Qian, Pan Tianyu 2020, 36 (17):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030070 Abstract + ( 320 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF ( 1226KB )   ( 155 ) Huanghuai wheat region is seriously short of water resources. Per capita and per hectare water resource in the region are far lower than the national average. To solve the problems, the most economical and effective technical measure is to breed good dryland wheat varieties with drought and heat resistance. In this study, about 500 samples of dryland wheat germplasm resources were collected. With ecological index observation and molecular level detection, the core parents with excellent traits and high heritability were screened out. Using these core parents, conventional hybridization was adopted as the main breeding method combining with molecular marker-assisted selection; ecological breeding was combined with shuttle breeding; morphological characteristics, fertility characteristics were combined with instrument index test. Then, the stress resistance, water saving, high quality performance and high yield potential of the progeny materials were comprehensively evaluated. ‘Yunhan 137’ (Jinshen wheat 2016004) and ‘Yunhan 139-1’ (Jinshen wheat 20170004), the two new dryland wheat varieties with drought and heat resistance and some intermediate materials with rich genetic basis as well as special good characters were developed. Among them, ‘Yungan 1411-2’, ‘Yungan 1512’, ‘Yungan 1818’, ‘Yungan 1816’ and ‘Yungan 139-2’' have participated in various regional trials.

  Photosynthetic Material Production, Accumulation and Transport Characteristics of Different Photosynthetic Efficiency Wheat Population in Rice-Wheat Rotation Wang Yan, Xu Jun, You Rui, Zhu Min, Zhu Xinkai, Guo Wenshan 2020, 36 (17):  7-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100062 Abstract + ( 337 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1299KB )   ( 271 ) To construct high photosynthetic efficiency wheat population after rice in central Jiangsu, a field experiment was carried out taking wheat variety ‘Yangmai23’ as material to investigate photosynthetic material production, accumulation and transport characteristics of different photosynthetic efficiency wheat populations with cluster analysis. The results showed that: the yield, harvest index, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation after anthesis and high efficiency leaf area ratio at flowering stage had significant differences among different wheat populations. Compared with the low and medium photosynthetic efficiency population, high photosynthetic efficiency population had higher yield and photosynthetic potential, and high efficiency leaf area ratio at flowering stage and dry matter accumulation. The harvest index of the medium photosynthetic efficiency population was significantly lower than that of the high and the low photosynthetic efficiency population. For yield components, wheat population with high photosynthetic efficiency had higher panicle number and thousand grain weight, meanwhile, the photosynthetic characteristics of high photosynthetic efficiency population and its flag leaves had good performance at flowering stage. After sowing and in rainy winter, the suitable combinations of Yangmai23 to construct high photosynthetic efficiency wheat population after rice in central Jiangsu were 225×104 plants/hm2, 270 kg N/hm2, the proportion of 7:1:2:0 (basal: tillering: jointing: booting fertilizer) and 300×104 plants/hm2, 330 kg N/hm2, the proportion of 5:1:2:2. The yield of these two combinations could reach 8400 kg/hm2.

  Effect of Row Spacing Rate on Stem Mechanic Property and Photosynthetic Physiological Indexes of Maize Chang Haixia, Guo Hongliang, Liu Yongzhong, Li Wanxing, Cao Jinjun, Jin Kunpeng, Li Dan 2020, 36 (17):  16-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020076 Abstract + ( 208 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1257KB )   ( 268 ) Effects of five different row spacing on stem mechanic property and photosynthetic physiological indexes of maize were studied under the same density (75000 plants/hm2), and ‘Dafeng 30’ was used as the experimental material. The results showed that the chlorophyll content of three-ear-leaves was the highest at the grain-filling stage when the rate of row spacing was 40 cm×80 cm; the net photosynthesis of three-ear-leaves was the highest at the grain-filling stage when the rate of row spacing was 30 cm×90 cm; the leaf area index (LAI) was the highest from flare opening when the rate of row spacing was 40 cm×80 cm. The single trunk dry matter accumulation was the highest at the rate of row spacing 40 cm×80 cm. It was found that the stalk hard rind penetration strength and stem bending capacity were enhanced with the descend of internodes, in an order from high to low as: 40 cm×80 cm> 50 cm×70 cm> 30 cm×90 cm> 60 cm×60 cm> 20 cm×100 cm. Panicle length, ear diameter, number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight had different changes among the treatments, the yield was the highest at the row spacing of 40 cm×80 cm, increased by 7.96% compared with that of the equal row spacing 60 cm×60 cm. Taken together, the best rate of row spacing is 40 cm×80 cm, which is more conducive to photosynthetic characteristics and stem strength of ‘Dafeng 30’, and could achieve the goal of lodging resistance and yield increase.

  Effects of Sowing Date on Growth and Development, Ear Characteristics and Economic Benefits of Fresh Corn in Northern Xinjiang Tang Jianghua, Su Lili, Li Ling, Wang Fang 2020, 36 (17):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020071 Abstract + ( 222 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1323KB )   ( 159 ) To explore the effect of sowing date on ear characteristics and economic benefits of fresh corn, the fruit corn variety ‘Super Sweet No.1’ was selected to investigate the agronomic characters, chlorophyll SPAD value, photosynthetic characteristics, ear characteristics and economic benefits in silking stage under different sowing dates (May 8, May 18, May 28 and June 7 as B1, B2, B3 and B4, respectively). The results showed that the plant height was B1>B3>B2>B4, while the stem diameter was thicker under the sowing dates after May 18. The SPAD value of chlorophyll in corn leaves under different sowing dates all showed a trend of increase first and then decrease, but was B3>B1>B2>B4 from silking stage to picking stage. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of ear leaves at silking stage under different sowing dates were B3>B2>B1>B4, while the trend of intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was the opposite. The number of rows per ear and grains per ear, and the ear length and ear diameter were B3>B2>B1>B4. In terms of economic benefits, B1 treatment was the highest of 35900 yuan/hm2.

  The Optimal Fertilization for High Anthocyanin Sweet Potato Variety ‘Mianzishu 9’ Zhu Ling, Shen Xueshan, Qu Huijuan, Wang Ping, Pu Zhigang, Wang Xiaoli, Huang Jingwei 2020, 36 (17):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020068 Abstract + ( 253 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1205KB )   ( 71 ) Aiming to select the optimum fertilization for high anthocyanin sweet potato variety ‘Mianzishu 9’ in the hilly region of middle Sichuan, the orthogonal design with ternary quadratic general combining method was applied to explore the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the fresh tuber yield and anthocyanin content. The results showed that the regression terms of ternary quadratic regression equation on both fresh tuber yield and anthocyanin content reached extremely significant levels, but did not reach significant levels on dry matter rate. The influence of three fertilization factors on fresh tuber yield was nitrogen> phosphorus> potassium, on anthocyanin content of tuber was potassium> nitrogen> phosphorus. The optimal fertilization for fresh tuber yield more than 37500 kg/hm2 was: nitrogen 207.27-218.22 kg/hm2, phosphorus 97.18-147.11 kg/hm2, and potassium 207.27-218.22 kg/hm2, respectively. The optimal fertilization for anthocyanin content of tuber more than 102 mg/100 g DW was: nitrogen 126.16-158.43 kg/hm2, phosphorus 110.13-136.74 kg/hm2, and potassium 119.62-151.69 kg/hm2, respectively.

  Flowering and Fruiting of Single-Seed Sowing Summer Peanut Under Different Planting Densities Qu Jie 2020, 36 (17):  31-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030064 Abstract + ( 332 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1141KB )   ( 75 ) The aims are to study the flowering and fruiting rule of summer peanut under single-seed sowing, and to explore the growth and development law and high yield mechanism of summer peanut. Using peanut variety ‘Hehua 11’ with high oleic acid as material, the randomized block experiment was designed for single seed sowing with different densities. The regularity of flowering and needling in the field was continuously marked with 10 plants, which were investigated every 10 days. The volume of pods was measured by drainage method, and the dry matter weight of pods was measured by drying method. The duration of flowering decreased with the density increase. The formation of fruit needles was influenced by the blossoms number. The number of pods decreased with the density increase. Pods’ yield increased first then decreased with the density increase. It also showed that at the density of 210000 plants/hm2, the blighted fruits’ number was the least, and the 100 kernels weight and the yield were the highest. The density of summer peanut should be increased appropriately in single seed sowing. High density could result in less flowering and fruiting, while low density could affect the population yield.

  Construction of EMS Mutagenesis Mung Bean Mutant Library and Phenotypic Analysis Ye Weijun, Yang Yong, Zhang Liya, Tian Dongfeng, Zhang Lingling, Zhou Bin 2020, 36 (17):  36-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020066 Abstract + ( 592 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1876KB )   ( 65 ) To find out the optimal concentration and treatment time of ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) for mung bean mutant library construction, ‘Wankelü 3’ was used as material, 16 treatment combinations including 4 EMS concentrations (0.6%, 1.0%, 1.4% and 1.8%) and 4 kinds of treatment time (6, 10, 14 and 18 h) were employed to treat the seeds, and the semi-lethal dose was selected for mutant library construction. The results showed that the optimal condition for ‘Wankelü 3’ mutagenesis was 1.0%/10 h. 6000 mature seeds of ‘Wankelü 3’ were treated under this optimal condition, 998 M1 lines were obtained. Traits such as leaf color, leaf shape, plant height, flower morphology and flowering time of M2 generation plants were investigated. A total of 324 mutants were obtained, and the mutation frequency was 2.97%. Among these mutants, leaf color mutation and dwarf were the dominated variation types, accounting for 1.10 % and 0.46%, respectively. Mutation sites of 4 mutant materials were determined by genome re-sequencing, the result showed that their base mutation frequency was 1/37.78 kb. These results also demonstrated that using EMS mutagenesis method, abundant phenotypic variant materials could be obtained, which could be used in genetic improvement and genome functional analysis for mung bean.

  Effects of Turn-over Green Manure on the Quality and Economic Value of Flue-cured Tobacco in Heilongjiang Wang Hao, He Guoqiang, Wang Shusheng, Wu Zhijuan, Yao Yuan, Jin Kang 2020, 36 (17):  42-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120127 Abstract + ( 212 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1300KB )   ( 104 ) To explore the improvement effect of turn-over green manure on the quality and economic value of flue-cured tobacco in Heilongjiang, this paper selected four types of green manure to turn down to study the effects. The green manure was decomposed on the spot after the harvest of flue-cured tobacco, and the physical and chemical indexes, the internal and external quality improvement of flue-cured tobacco were measured in the second year. The results showed that, at the end of July, interplanting green manure had little effect on the main economic characters and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco, but the turn-over green manure could improve the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco, among which the nicotine was decreased by 10.55%, the total nitrogen was decreased by 33.54%, the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine was decreased by 25.93%, the total sugar was increased by 8.59%, the change of reducing sugar was not obvious, the ratio of total sugar to nicotine was increased by 21.41%, the content of potassium ions and chloride ions were increased by 12.50% and 12.00% respectively. Under the turn-over green manure, the leaf of flue-cured tobacco had good maturity, loose structure, high oil content and medium status. The weight of single leaf was increased by 15.46%, the leaf thickness was decreased by 17.86% and the ratio of tobacco stem to leaf was decreased by 5.93%. The species, content and aftertaste of the aroma were improved when the flue-cured tobacco was burned. The turn-over green manure could improve the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco, the decomposition and transformation degree of carotenoids was increased by 12.95%, the conversion of aromatic amino acids was increased by 20.76%, the decomposition and transformation of Xibo-Alkanes was increased by 9.59%, the change of nonenzymatic browning was not obvious. The turn-over green manure could increase the production and economic value of flue-cured tobacco, among which the proportion of prime tobacco was increased by 35.59%, the production per hectare was increased by 5.65%, and the economic value per hectare was increased by 14.61%. Interplanting sweet clover and wheat has the best effect.

  Spray Cut Chrysanthemum: Evaluation of Quality Characters by AHP Guo Fangqi, Hei Yinxiu, Liu Jun, Wu Chao, Ye Qiming, Zhang Zhi 2020, 36 (17):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100069 Abstract + ( 336 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1251KB )   ( 52 ) The purpose is to select the suitable spray cut chrysanthemum varieties for planting in Zhejiang Province. According to the evaluation standard of cut chrysanthemum and DUS test technology, 12 field characters of 11 varieties were observed, measured and scored, and the evaluation system was established by expert consultation and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed that the weight of four factors in the standard layer was ranked by AHP, and the weight value of flower feature was the highest, followed by the whole sense, light sense period, bottle insertion period and leaf feature. It showed that the characteristics of flower parts had the greatest influence on the comprehensive evaluation of cut flower chrysanthemums, while the characteristics of leaf parts had the least influence. The weight of 12 influencing factors was assigned by AHP, among which the weight of flower color, flower type, flower number and plant height was significant compared with other characters, indicating that they had the greatest impact on spray cut chrysanthemum. Finally, 4 good varieties were screened out, which were ‘Rossi Splendid’, ‘Rossi Sunny’, ‘Olive’, and ‘Snazzy’.

  Water Stress: Effects on Protective Enzyme Activities and Osmotic Regulatory Substances of Paris polyphylla in Shaanxi Li Bo, He Yihan, Wang Nan, Sun Xiaochun, Huang Wenjing, Bi Shijie, Song Zhongxing, Tang Zhishu 2020, 36 (17):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200933 Abstract + ( 257 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1197KB )   ( 73 ) To investigate the effects of water stress on the protective enzyme activity and osmotic regulatory substance content of Paris polyphylla in Shaanxi Province, the seedlings cultivated in substrate were used as experimental materials, the polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) solutions with concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% were used to simulate different water stress gradients, and the leaves of P. polyphylla were sampled at different processing stages to determine the protective enzyme activity and osmotic regulatory substance content. The results showed that, after the seedlings of P. polyphylla treated with different concentrations of PEG solutions, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) decreased initially, followed by an increase, and then a decrease. The content of proline increased significantly after 2 h treatments, which was 2.61 times that of the control when treated with 15% PEG for 5 d. The soluble sugar content increased significantly after 12 h treatments, and remained at a high level during the later stage of treatments. Malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated rapidly after different water stress treatments for 2 h, and the content of MDA was 229.9% higher than that of the control group on the 5th day of 10% PEG treatment. P. polyphylla has a certain degree of drought resistance, and it can adapt to mild water stress by increasing the activity of protective enzymes and the content of osmotic regulatory substances.

  Effects of Engineering Reclamation Measures on Soil Quality Evolution Characteristics of Mining Subsidence Area in Southeastern Shanxi Li Jianhua, Li Hua, Gao Chunhua, Jin Dongsheng, Lu Jinjing 2020, 36 (17):  62-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100009 Abstract + ( 309 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1365KB )   ( 54 ) To reveal the evolution characteristics of soil quality of coal mining subsidence area under different engineering reclamation measures, based on a 10 years long-term test, the authors studied the soil physical and chemical properties, microbial community structure and the change characteristics of land productivity in coal mining subsidence area in the southeast Shanxi, with topsoil stripping and mixed pushing engineering reclamation. The results showed that in the beginning of the reclamation, the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil and land productivity under topsoil stripping reclamation were significantly higher than that of mixed pushing reclamation. After 7 years of reclamation, the physical properties, microbial community structure composition and diversity and land productivity of the soil were basically the same between the two measures, and the difference was not significant. During the 10 years of reclamation, the soil nutrient content in 0-20 cm soil layer was always shown as topsoil stripping > mixed reclamation. During the 10 years, the cumulative return of topsoil stripping increased by 6609 yuan/hm2 compared with that of mixed pushing reclamation. Topsoil stripping reclamation was better than mixed pushing reclamation in maintaining topsoil fertility and comprehensive return. However, after 10 years of reclamation, the land productivity and fertility level of the two reclamation measures were very low, indicating that the reclamation method was only a leading link in the mining area reclamation process, and the ecological restoration of the soil in the mining area must be combined with fertilization measures.

  The Morphological Description and Suitability Analysis of Soils Planted with Astragalus membranaceus in Jiagedaqi City Li Huazhi, Ma Rui, Hou Meng, Chen Yimin, Sui Yueyu, Jiao Xiaoguang 2020, 36 (17):  71-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100024 Abstract + ( 338 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1409KB )   ( 224 ) Due to its high medicinal value, Astragalus membranaceus has been dug intensively and unrestrainedly in recent years, resulting in the near exhaustion of the resources. Exploring the suitable growth soil of Astragalus membranaceus could provide a theoretical basis for its artificial cultivation. In this study, the soil planted with Astragalus membranaceus for many years in Jiagedaqi City was taken as the research object. Morphological characteristics and soil nutrients of the typical soil profiles were analyzed. The results showed that the structures of surface soil were loose, the porosities were large and the colors were darker, which were dark brown in dry state and black in wet state. The deposition and parent material layers were solid, the porosities were small, and the soil colors gradually turned to yellow and brown with the increase of soil depth. The surface soil was fertile, with mainly loam textures and high organic matter contents, which were 122.07 and 110.09 g/kg, respectively. Organic matter contents in surface layer accounted for 52.0% and 82% of total organic matter content in the soil profile, respectively. Organic matter contents in the soil profiles showed a dramatic drop trend with the increase of soil depth. Total nitrogen contents in the surface layer were relatively high, which were 6.58 and 8.87 g/kg, respectively, but total phosphorus contents of the soil were relatively low, which were 0.07 and 1.01 g/kg, respectively, in the surface layers. The pH of the soil was between 5.11 and 6.35. The soil suitable for Astragalus membranaceus growth was with loose textures, frosty temperature condition, wet moisture condition and fertile, and with high soil organic matter contents, high total nitrogen contents, but low total phosphorus contents in the surface soil, and the pH value was weak acidity to neutrality.

  Green Chelator Complexes: Effects on Phytoremediation of Cd and As Contaminated Soil in the Intercropping System Fan Jianfen, Tian Haoqi, Zhu Yu’en, Wang Xinrui, Qi Hao, Wang Jiyu, Li Hua 2020, 36 (17):  76-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900602 Abstract + ( 383 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1426KB )   ( 100 ) The authors compared the concentrations of Cd and As of Sedum plumbizincicola under the condition of singlecropping and intercropping, and analyzed the effects of applying different green chelator complexes on the growth of Pisum sativum L. and the enrichment capacity to Cd and As. The results showed that: without applying green chelators, the absorption of Cd and As in the aboveground of Sedum plumbizincicola after intercropping with Pisum sativum L. increased significantly; IDS-TA and PASP-TA increased the concentration of Cd 6.60 and 2.93 times, and increased the concentration of As 2.34 and 1.27 times in the shoots of Sedum plumbizincicola, respectively; IDS-TA decreased the concentration of Cd and As in Pisum sativum L; all green chelator complexes increased available Cd and As except IDS-MA, and the increase rate of available Cd and As of soil treated by IDS-TA were the highest. The results suggest that IDS-TA can enhance phytoremediation of Cd and As contaminated soil without having a negative impact on the growth and security of Pisum sativum L., which can provide a theoretical basis for activator of phytoremediation of Cd and As contaminated vegetable field in the Pearl River Delta.

  Coupling Effect of Water and Fertilizer on Wheat in Semi-humid Arid Areas: Study on Wheat Yield and Soil Moisture Change Under Normal-water Level Year Zhang Jie, Ding Zhiqiang, Li Junhong, Yao Yuqing, Lv Junjie, Cai Dianxiong, Wu Huijun 2020, 36 (17):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020057 Abstract + ( 277 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1102KB )   ( 51 ) Using the arid awning since 2004, we simulated the effect of different rainfall years on the wheat yield and soil moisture, and took the normal-water year as the research object. The results showed that, during the growth period of wheat in the 11 research years, the rainfall was higher than the perennial rainfall (231.8mm) for 2 years, accounting for 18%, and was similar to the perennial rainfall level for 3 years, accounting for 27%, in other years, the rainfall was lower than the perennial rainfall level; and the rainfall was extremely uneven in the growth period, the drought period was also different, and the great climate had more significant impact on wheat growth. During the 11 years, the yield of wheat showed a downward trend, and the average annual reduction was 673.5 kg/hm2 per year from 2004 to 2008, and the average yield decreased by 628 kg/hm2 per year from 2009 to 2014. The number of ears of wheat decreased, while 1000 kernels weight increased, and the grain number per spike was relatively stable. Soil moisture showed a downward trend during the sowing period, and soil moisture was relatively stable during harvest period. The yield had an extremely significant and positive correlation with the number of ears and the soil water content during the sowing period, and a significantly positive correlation with the grain number per spike.

  Effects of Different Bio-stimulants on Yield and Quality of Fresh-eating Maize Ying Wu, Luo Letan, Ruan Songlin, Li Jinwen 2020, 36 (17):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400063 Abstract + ( 327 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1085KB )   ( 117 ) To provide technical support for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of fresh-eating maize, the effects of different bio-stimulants on the yield and quality of maize were studied. Fresh-eating maize variety ‘Qianjiangnuo 3’ was used as material. Three bio-stimulants including Ameizi, Meiji and Baokangling 1 were tested. There were totally 6 treatments: the 1000, 1500 and 2000-fold diluents of Ameizi, 3000-fold diluent of Meiji, and 300-fold diluent of Baokangling 1 were applied to maize. The clear water with equal quantity was used as control. The effects of conventional fertilization on economic characters, yield and quality of ‘Qianjiangnuo 3’ were investigated. Under the treatment of 1500-fold diluent of Ameizi, the grain number per row, fresh and net weight per spike, and yield of maize were the highest, whereas the protein, crude fiber, reducing sugar and starch content all ranked the third. The spike width and protein content of maize treated with 300-fold diluent of ‘Baokangling 1’ was the highest, whereas the fresh and net weight per spike, yield, reducing sugar content all ranked the second, but the fat content was the lowest. 1500-fold diluent of Ameizi was the most suitable for improving the yield of maize, and 300-fold diluent of Baokangling 1 was the most suitable for improving the quality of maize. It is suggested that the combination of the two bio-stimulants is the best treatment for the improvement of yield and quality of fresh-eating maize.

  Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilization on Main Agronomic Characters and Yield of Mung Bean Wang Xiaoying, Wang Meng, Wang Bin, Guo Aiqin, Wan Yu, Wu Yanli, Zhang Fang 2020, 36 (17):  95-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020073 Abstract + ( 283 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 115 ) To determine the best nitrogen fertilizing amount of mung bean in Yulin sandy area of Shaanxi Province, with mung bean varieties ‘Yulv No.1’ as the test material, 6 nitrogen application gradients were designed to study the effects of different nitrogen application amounts on mung bean botanical characters, economic characters and yield. The results showed that nitrogen application had a significant effect on plant height, branching number, 100-seed weight and yield of mung bean, and there was no significant difference in pods of branches, pod length, pods per plant and number of seeds per pod of mung bean. The regression equation of nitrogen application amount and yield showed that based on the application of P2O5 60 kg/hm2, K2O 45 kg/hm2 and commercial organic fertilizer 750 kg/hm2, the optimal N application amount was 75 kg/hm2.

  Reducing Chemical Fertilizer Techniques Affect Facilities Pepper Yield and Nutrient Absorption and Utilization Wang Qiujun, Guo Dejie, Ma Yan, Liang Yonghong, Qiu Meihua 2020, 36 (17):  99-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030012 Abstract + ( 264 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1277KB )   ( 127 ) Aiming at the excessive application of chemical fertilizers in the production of greenhouse pepper in north Jiangsu, we studied the effects of two fertilizer reduction techniques on pepper yield and nutrient absorption and utilization in Huaian for two consecutive seasons. The fertilizer reduction techniques included replacing the basal and chemical fertilizer with commercial organic fertilizer (OF) and reducing the application of chemical fertilizer in top dressing by applying special water-soluble fertilizer under drip irrigation (RD). The results showed that after reducing fertilizer for two consecutive seasons, the effect of OF and RD on yield increase was obvious, and the yield increased by 12.6% and 30.2%, respectively, as compared with the conventional fertilization treatment. In the first season of pepper planting, there was no significant change among different treatments in content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in various organs of pepper plants. In the second season of pepper planting, OF and RD treatment significantly increased the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in pepper fruits, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in stem and leaves of OF treatment were higher than that of the other two treatments. In the two seasons of pepper cultivation, the total nutrient utilization rate of the two techniques of reducing chemical fertilizer was significantly higher than that of the conventional treatment, and the OF treatment was the highest. The results indicate that under the condition of this experiment, the pepper yield could be improved through the two techniques of reducing chemical fertilizer.

  Comparative Analysis of Rainstorm Processes of Landing Typhoon Invaded by Cold Air at Different Heights Zhang Shumin, Wu Haiying, Chen Cong, Wang Kun, Wu Caixia, Gu Peishu 2020, 36 (17):  108-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010092 Abstract + ( 375 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 4402KB )   ( 256 ) This study aims to understand the mechanism of rainstorm events and the difference of precipitation characteristics of cold air at different heights combining with landing typhoons. The unusual rainstorm events on October 7 - 8, 2013 and July 11, 2016 in southeast Jiangsu caused by the landing typhoon No. 1323 “Fitow” and No. 1601 “Nepartak” respectively were used for comparative analysis. The results showed that during the “10·7 - 8” rainstorm, the low-level cold air intruded into the “Fitow” residual low pressure, combined with the easterly jet on the north side of “Danas”, the atmospheric stratification changed from convective instability to conditional symmetric instability. The frontogenesis and convergence of the low-level baroclinic increased, the high-level strong divergence and the inclined convection developed, those led to the stratigraphic and cumulative mixed heavy precipitation with uniform distribution and long duration, the center of the rainstorm had the same location with the frontogenesis and MPV2 in the lower troposphere. The “7.11” rainstorm was caused by the development of mesoscale low pressure induced by the lower layer near the top of the residual low pressure inverted trough of “Nepartak”. The cold air intruded into the middle level, the strong convective instability stratification was established, and the release of the convective effective potential energy formed a strong vertical upward movement, those resulted in strong convective heavy precipitation with uneven distribution, short duration and strong short-term rainfall, the rainstorm center was located near the surface mesoscale convergence line and temperature ridge. During the “10·7 - 8” rainstorm, the easterly jet on the north side of the typhoon provided sufficient water vapor. Water vapor in the process of “7.11” rainstorm mainly came from the easterly transport of the right side of the local and mesoscale low pressure. Different heights of cold air intruding into the landing typhoon system could result in different formation mechanisms of atmospheric stratification stability and ascending motion causing significant differences in precipitation characteristics, and deserves attention in the operational forecast.

  Harmonia axyridis and Coccinella septempunctata: Predation Comparison to Chromaphis juglandicola Liu Siqi, Wang Qiang, Gao Guizhen 2020, 36 (17):  118-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200981 Abstract + ( 802 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1219KB )   ( 54 ) Harmonia axyridis and Coccinella septempunctata are important predators of Chromaphis juglandicola. To evaluate the predation ability of H. axyridis and C. septempunctata adults to C. juglandicola, the predation number of H. axyridis and C. septempunctata to C. juglandicola were determined in laboratory. The results showed that the functional responses of H. axyridis and C. septempunctata to C. juglandicola fitted well with the Holling-II equation. The daily maximum predation number of H. axyridis was higher than that of C. septempunctata, which was 490.1961 and 387.5969, respectively. The instantaneous attack rate of H. axyridis was higher than that of C. septempunctata, which was 1.0034 and 0.9218, respectively. The handling time of H. axyridis was shorter than that of C. septempunctata, which was 0.0020 d and 0.0026 d, respectively. The searching efficiency of H. axyridis and C. septempunctata decreased with the increase of prey density, and the searching efficiency of H. axyridis was higher than that of C. septempunctata. The optimal searching density of H. axyridis and C. septempunctata was 149.4104 and 147.9904 pests per predator according to Holling-III model. The results indicate that H. axyridis and C. septempunctata adult are efficient for the control of C.juglandicola, and the predatory capacity of H. axyridis is higher than that of C. septempunctata.

  Identification of the Pathogen of Ficus carica Epidemic Disease in Sichuan Zhai Min, Xian Yunxi, Huang Xiaoqin, Zhang Lei, Zhou Xiquan, Liu Yong, Yang Xiaoxiang 2020, 36 (17):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100055 Abstract + ( 529 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1511KB )   ( 113 ) To identify the pathogen species of Ficus carica epidemic disease outbreak in Sichuan Province, the occurrence of F. carica epidemic disease in F. carica planting areas in Sichuan was investigated, and the diseased fruits were collected. The pathogen was isolated and cultured by tissue isolation method, and was identified by combining morphology and molecular identification. The results showed that the pathogen mycelium was white, the oospores were spherical, and the sporangiums were oval or ovoid, with papillae at the top. The sequence analysis revealed 99% sequence identities with Phytophthora palmivora. According to morphology and molecular identification, the pathogen of F. carica epidemic disease in Sichuan Province was identified as P. palmivora.

  Root Swelling Disease of Brassica campestris: Microscopic Observation and Disease Resistance Identification Wu Yifei, Ding Zhuoyi, Zhou Xiaobo, Ouyang Xian, Zhang Zhuqing 2020, 36 (17):  129-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020075 Abstract + ( 364 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1569KB )   ( 66 ) The aim is to screen out a group of excellent Brassica campestris materials with root swelling resistance. Eight varieties of Brassica campestris were used as test materials, and three physiological race 4 of different origins were used as the bacterial sources. The disease resistance was identified by the bacterial soil method. The results show that the virulence of each bacterial source is significantly different. The pathogenicity of bacterial source C is the strongest, followed by bacterial source B, and the virulence of bacterial source A is the weakest. Three disease-resistant materials are selected based on the three bacterial pathogens. At the same time, the results indicate that there are limitations in the present identification system for root swelling disease. It is necessary to complement the new host crops in order to identify the physiological race of root swelling disease more accurately and stably, and promote the research progress of Brassica campestris disease-resistant breeding.

  Extraction Methods of Wolfberry Plantation in Qaidam Region: A Comparative Study Lei Chunmiao, Xiao Jianshe, Shi Feifei, Guo Yingxiang, Zhao Jinlong, Zheng Ling 2020, 36 (17):  134-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200085 Abstract + ( 419 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 4000KB )   ( 247 ) In this study, we use high-resolution remote sensing images to identify and extract the planting areas of wolfberry, a special economic crop in Qaidam, to provide evidence for market regulation and fine crop management. Taking Numuhong Farm, a typical wolfberry plantation area in the region as the research area, and using five classifiers of random forest, Softmax, support vector machine, BP neural network and maximum likelihood, we conducted the refined extraction of wolfberry plantation areas with different growth years, and verified the accuracy of the classification results. The results show that the classification effect using the random forest method is the best, with an overall classification accuracy of 93.8% and a Kappa of 0.93. Softmax, support vector and BP neural network methods have also achieved high classification accuracy, and their overall classification accuracy is 86.6%~87.6%, and the Kappa coefficient is 0.84~0.86. The maximum likelihood method has the worst classification effect, its overall classification accuracy is only 76.9%, and the Kappa coefficient is 0.73. Therefore, the use of domestic high-resolution satellites combined with a better classification method can realize the fine identification and monitoring of the planting areas and structures of minor characteristic cash crops such as Chinese wolfberry.

  Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Traceable Pork and Its Influencing Factors: A Case Study of Consumers in Shanghai and Jinan Meng Xiaofang, Liu Zengjin, Fan Tingting 2020, 36 (17):  144-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400018 Abstract + ( 329 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1138KB )   ( 106 ) Based on the consumer survey data of Shanghai and Jinan, taking the pork product as an example, the binary Logit model was used to study the consumers' willingness to pay for the traceable pork with the origin information and its influencing factors. The results show that consumers have low awareness of “traceable food” or “food traceability system”. After information enhancement, most respondents believe that compared with ordinary pork, traceable pork is more helpful to protect the legitimate interests of consumers and enhance the corporate reputation. From the results of the model, it can be seen that the four variables, such as family support, bid price, monthly income per capita, and elder members of the family, significantly affect consumers' willingness to pay for traceable pork. It is suggested that publicity of traceable pork should be strengthened to raise the awareness of traceability and improve the establishment of the origin file, the supervision mechanism should be enhanced, and the additional cost-sharing mechanism of the government, consumers, and producers and operators should be formed, thus to provide an objective basis for the decision-making of government and enterprises.

  Effect of Patent Pilot Work on Scientific and Technological Innovation in Agricultural Research Institutions Long Lina, Liu Huang 2020, 36 (17):  151-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100038 Abstract + ( 232 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1147KB )   ( 53 ) The purpose is to evaluate the effect of patent pilot work on the scientific and technological innovation of agricultural research institutions in China. Taking Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences as the research example, we systematically combed the scientific and technological innovation situation of the institute after the patent pilot work through PatSnap platform, questionnaire survey and bibliometric method. The results showed that the degree of patent recognition of the staff in the institute was improved significantly. The number of patent applications and grants increased by 30.54% and 17.12%, respectively, and the breakthrough of zero in international patents was achieved. Besides, the number and amount of patent conversion grew by 400% and 328.57%, respectively. Significantly improved technology distributions were A, B, and G of IPC categories. Cooperation patent applications and cooperation institutions increased by 57.14% and 60%, respectively. In addition, patent training was valued with diversified and practical content. It is suggested that communication and cooperation among the pilot units should be increased in the future, and the post-evaluation of patent pilot work should be highlighted, so as to explore the full advantages of patent pilot work.

  Preliminary Analysis on Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Gene Sequence of Exopalaemon modestus and Phylogeny of Palaemoninae Zhang Minying, Xu Dongpo, Zhou Yanfeng, Fang Di'an, Liu Kai, Pan Zeyu 2020, 36 (17):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500146 Abstract + ( 291 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1301KB )   ( 89 ) To study 16S rRNA gene sequence of Exopalaemon modestus and the role of 16S rRNA gene in species identification and phylogenetic taxa, mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequence of Exopalaemon modestus was analyzed by PCR amplification and sequencing. The phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily (Palaemoninae) were also discussed. The results showed that 5 haplotypes and 8 variable loci were found in 54 individuals. The genetic distance among 13 species of shrimps ranged from 0 to 0.2614. The genetic distance among 7 genus ranged from 0.1344 to 0.2769. The molecular phylogenetic trees constructed by NJ and ME method indicated that different species of the same genus clustered into one branch first except Palaemon concinnus, and Exopalaemon orientis was the closest related species to Exopalaemon carinicauda. Palaemon and Palaemonetes had the most closet phylogenetic relationship and the genus Palaemon was polyphyletic. Palaemon concinnus and Leandrites deschampsi were differentiated about 22.34 million years ago presumably. This study indicates that mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene could not be used to identify the species of the subfamily Palaemoninae alone, but it is feasible for systematic classification and analysis of genetic relationship.