Abstract:

To clarify the differences between female and male hemp plants and provide a theoretical basis for all-female, all-male and monoecious breeding of hemp, ‘Huoma 1’, ‘Hanma 5’ and ‘Hanma 2’ were used as experimental materials to analyze the difference and correlation of stem yield and agronomic traits between male and female hemp plants. The results showed that the stem yield of female plants was 18.18%-24.56% higher than that of male plants, and the difference was significant. The plant height and node number of male plants were 3.08 cm-5.86 cm and 0.28-1.92 nodes higher than those of female plants, respectively, with significant difference in plant height. The stem diameter and panicle length of female plants were 0.05 cm-0.08 cm and 3.35 cm-4.90 cm higher than those of male plants, respectively, with significant differences in panicle length. The root length of female plants was slightly higher than that of male plants, while the technological length of male plants was 3.26%-5.55% higher than that of female plants, with significant differences. The stem dry weight and root dry weight of female plants were 22.16%-27.06%, 21.97%-31.91% higher than that of male plants, respectively, with significant differences in stem dry weight. The number of nodes, panicle length and leaf dry weight of male and female plants were negatively correlated with the stem weight of the male and female plants. The height, stem diameter, root length, technological length and dry weight of the male and female plants were positively correlated with the stem weight of the male and female plants. High-yielding cultivation techniques and high-yielding breeding of hemp for fiber industry should aim at small ratio of male to female plants, fewer leaves, fewer nodes, shorter panicles, moderate plant height and stem diameter, long technological length, big root-dry weight and high stem weight per plant.

Key words: industrial hemp, male plant, female plant, agronomic characters