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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (25): 1-10.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0126

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution in Maize with Density Tolerance and Suitable Machine Harvesting

LAN Huiqing1,2(), ZHANG Xiangqian2,3(), CHENG Yuchen2,3, SHI Jingjing1,2, CHEN Xuanyi1,2, BU Hengtong1,2, BAI Dongxing1,2, LU Zhanyuan1,2,3(), LIU Yajie1,2, CHEN Lirong4   

  1. 1 College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020
    2 Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Remediation and Pollution Control, Hohhot 010031
    3 Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031
    4 Mengcao Ecological Environment (Group) Co. LTD., Hohhot 010070
  • Received:2023-02-10 Revised:2023-07-07 Online:2023-09-05 Published:2023-08-28

Abstract:

The study of the effect of nitrogen application level on the dry matter accumulation in maize with high density tolerance and suitable machine harvesting is of great significance for the selection of suitable nitrogen application level and yield formation of maize. Based on the long-term localization experiment of nitrogen fertilizer conducted by the Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2018, maize ‘Guangde 5’ was used as the test material, and six nitrogen application levels were set, including 0 kg/hm2 (N0), 120 kg/hm2 (N8), 180 kg/hm2 (N12), 240 kg/hm2 (N16), 300 kg/hm2 (N20) and 360 kg/hm2 (N24). Dry matter accumulation and distribution ratio of different organs at seedling stage, jointing stage, trumpet stage, tasseling to spinning stage, grout stage and mature stage were analyzed, and the dry matter transport rule after flowering (tasseling to spinning stage to mature stage) was clarified. The results showed that: (1) dry matter accumulation and yield increased with the increase of N application rate between 0-240 kg/hm2, but decreased with the increase of N application rate when N application rate exceeded 240 kg/hm2, especially after the large flare stage. (2) The dry matter accumulation of different treatments conformed to the Logistic equation, the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on dry matter accumulation rate and promoted the dry matter accumulation peak earlier. (3) The distribution of maize dry matter in various organs changed with the development of the growth period, nitrogen application was beneficial to the transfer of dry matter from vegetative organs to grains in late growth period and promoted the development and formation of grains. (4) A comprehensive comparison of the 2-year data showed that the yield of N20 (2020) and N16 (2021) treated with nitrogen was higher than that of other nitrogen applications. They were 4.35%-45.50% and 0.57%-57.19%, respectively. Based on the analysis of yield, dry matter accumulation, distribution and transport of organs, the optimal nitrogen application rate of maize is 240 kg/hm2.

Key words: nitrogen application level, increase density, grain machine harvesting, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield