Abstract: Anhui is an agricultural province. The ecological agriculture plays a major part in the construction of environmental-friendly province and new socialistic countryside. The paper analyses the advantages and main restrictive factors, and points out that the environmental-friendly agriculture should be planned as a whole and directed according to its classification, adhering to the combination of a comprehensive construction and a key breakthrough and integration of modern agricultural scientific technology and essence of traditional agriculture and harmonious development of economy, society and environment. It also discusses the construction layout and key points in the following five basic kinds of ecological areas: Huaibai Plane, Jianghuai hilly Area, Plane Area along Changjiang River, Dabieshan Mountainous Area in West Anhui. Finally the paper puts forward the developing strategy: (1) promoting ecological culture and the construction of capability; (2) perfecting the policy and legal system; (3) Increasing investment; (4) suiting measures to the local conditions and planning scientifically; (5) quickening development by science and technology.