Abstract:

To explore the effects of sowing date, planting density and nitrogen application on population structure and grain quality of high-quality wheat variety ‘Weimai 9’, a split-plot and randomized block design was adopted in the field from 2021 to 2022. The nitrogen application rates were 210 kg/hm² (A₁), 105 kg/hm² (A₂) and 0 kg/hm² (A₃), and the sowing dates were October 2 (B₁), October 18 (B₂) and October 27 (B₃), the seeding rates were 180×10⁴ seedlings/hm² (C₁), 270×10⁴ seedlings/hm² (C₂) and 360×10⁴ seedlings/hm² (C₃). The results showed that the effect of nitrogen application rate on yield was not significant, but the effect of sowing date and planting density on yield was significant. On October 18, seeding rates of 270×10⁴ seedlings/hm² and 360×10⁴ seedlings/hm² of ‘Weimai 9’ could reach a reasonable population structure, so as to achieve high yield level. When the amount of nitrogen application was 105 kg/hm², the sowing date was October 18, and the seeding rate was 360×10⁴ seedlings/hm², the yield was the highest. Under the same fertilization and sowing rate levels, the quality of sowing date of October 2 was the best, which reached the standard of (medium) strong gluten wheat except the maximum tensile resistance. The results of this experiment showed that the highest yield of ‘Weimai 9’ could be obtained by sowing at an appropriate time, and early sowing at the right time could improve its quality traits.

Key words: sowing date, sowing quantity, nitrogen application, wheat, yield, quality