Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to calculate the climate production potential of rice in southeast Heilongjiang Province, and to analyze its yield increase potential, so as to provide scientific basis for rational and effective utilization of climatic resources and improvement of rice productivity. Based on the observed data during the growing period, the critical temperature indexes for sowing, transplanting and ripening of rice were calculated. The climate potential of rice was calculated by using the stepwise correction method recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and then the space for increasing yield was calculated and its multi-year change was analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows. The critical temperatures of sowing, transplanting and ripening were 5℃, 12.5℃ and 10℃. In Wuchang, Binxian and Ning 'an, the climatic potential production of rice increased from sowing to ripening and transplanting to ripening. The climatic potential production of rice increased in most areas, and climate warming was beneficial to rice production. From 1961 to 2020, the potential of yield per unit area in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province showed the trend of first decline and then rise from sowing to ripening, and 2009 was the turning point of decline to rise, and the trend of increasing yield per unit area from transplanting to ripening also showed the trend of first decline and then rise, and 2008 was the turning point of decline to rise. In the recent 60 years, with climate warming, the actual productivity of rice in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province has gradually increased, that is, the actual yield per unit area of rice has gradually increased, but there is still a big gap with its climate production potential, and there is still a huge space for rice production. The results can provide scientific basis for rational distribution of rice production and full and effective utilization of climate resources.

Key words: rice, climate change, climatic potential productivity, yield improving potential, critical temperature, index