Current issue

• 2024 Vol.40 No.17 Published:15 June 2024

  Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Formula Fertilizer on Nutrient Absorption and Yield of Rice WU Tengfei, DENG Ting, LI Zeyu, ZENG Zhaobing, ZHANG Mu, LI Haifeng 2024, 40 (17):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0568 Abstract + ( 168 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1310KB )   ( 87 ) Organic substitution has the potential to enhance the growth and yield of rice. This study could provide important references for the promotion and application of organic alternative fertilization methods in rice production in South China via investigating the effects of different organic substitutions on nutrient uptake and yield of double cropping rice. Six treatments were used for early and late rice plot experiments in field trials, including no fertilization, formula fertilizer, 25% organic substitution, 50% organic substitution, 75% organic substitution and 100% organic substitution. Except for no fertilization treatment, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium used in all other treatments was consistent with the amount of N, P2O5 and K2O being 150, 45.6 and 130.5 kg/hm2, respectively. The experimental community was randomly arranged, with 4 replicates for each treatment. Plant samples of early rice were collected for nutrient analysis during the tillering, booting, heading, flowering, filling and maturity stages, and flag leaf and grain samples were collected for nutrient analysis during the filling stage. The changes in SPAD values of flag leaves during the filling stage were measured. The yield and yield components of early and late rice were recorded during the harvest. The research results indicated that formula fertilizer and organic substitution treatment mainly exerted an influence on the uptake of nitrogen nutrients in early rice. The nitrogen content in the aboveground parts of early rice during the tillering and booting stages was significantly higher in the presence of formula fertilizer than that in the presence of organic substitution, and the difference became smaller and smaller after the heading stage. During the filling period of early rice, the SPAD value and nitrogen content of flag leaves increased with the increase of the organic substitution ratio. However, the increase of nitrogen content in grain was not significant. The yield of early rice was the highest with the treatment of formula fertilizer, followed by the 25% organic substitution treatment. The yield of late rice was significantly higher in the presence of various organic substitutions than that in the presence of formula fertilizer, which was confirmed by the increase in the number of grains per panicle and seed setting rate. Organic alternative fertilization might lead to the phenomenon of green and late maturing in early rice, which was not conducive to rice yield and the uptake of nutrients in grains. Organic substitution fertilization was more effective in enhancing rice yield and the uptake of nutrients during late rice cultivation.

  Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments on Grain Filling and Leaf Photosynthesis Characteristics of Aromatic Rice and Non-aromatic Rice Varieties YIN Chunyuan, WANG Shuyu, LIU Hemei, SUN Jianquan, HU Xiuming, WANG Hele, ZHANG Jinxia, ZHANG Qianqian, TIAN Fanghui, PENG Dong, ZHANG Yuhong 2024, 40 (17):  8-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0575 Abstract + ( 136 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1377KB )   ( 21 ) To identify the physiological mechanism of the yield and quality formation in aromatic rice and non-aromatic rice, the grain filling and leaf photosynthesis characteristics were investigated under field conditions. The results showed that compared with the non-aromatic rice varieties, the grain filling rate of aromatic rice was higher under no nitrogen level, and was lower under nitrogen treatment in the grain filling stage. The sword leaf photosynthetic rate of the aromatic rice variety was higher than that of the non-aromatic rice variety whether under nitrogen or non-nitrogen application conditions. It was indicated that the aromatic rice variety had high light efficiency. The analysis of the yield traits of the two varieties showed that the aromatic rice variety had more grains and larger panicles than the non-aromatic rice variey, while the non-aromatic rice variety had smaller panicles in size and more panicles, which showed that the aromatic rice variety mainly showed large panicles, while the non-aromatic rice variety mainly showed multiple panicles. The quality traits analysis of the two varieties showed that the difference of processing quality between the two varieties was small. The appearance quality of the non-aromatic rice variety was significantly better than the aromatic rice variety. The difference of the taste value of them was relatively small, and both of them showed higher taste value under no nitrogen treatment. The above analysis showed that, compared with non-aromatic rice variety, aromatic rice had high grain filling rate, higher photosynthesis rate, higher yield and high flavor quality without nitrogen level. Except photophotosynthesis rate of aromatic rice, other characteristics were slightly lower than non-aromatic rice variety under nitrogen level. This showed that in the improvement of rice cultivation, no or appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer was beneficial to increase the grain filling rate and sword leaf photosynthetic rate of aromatic rice varieties under the condition of ensuring yield, thereby improving the quality of aromatic rice.

  The Super High Yield Effect of Different Sowing Date and Quantity Experiments on ‘Zhengmai 1860’ in Eastern Henan Plain ZHANG Shenju, ZHANG Jing, GUO Zhensheng, TIAN Wei, HUANGFU Ziqi, ZHAO Hongxian 2024, 40 (17):  14-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0567 Abstract + ( 169 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 19 ) In order to achieve the matching of super high yield cultivation methods in the main wheat production area of the Eastern Henan Plain, and fully tap into the super high yield potential of the new high-quality medium gluten wheat variety ‘Zhengmai 1860’, split zone experiments and statistical analysis methods were used to study and determine the suitable sowing date and sowing quantity indicators for ‘Zhengmai 1860’ under the super high yield conditions in the main wheat production area of the Eastern Henan Plain. The results showed that the suitable sowing date for ‘Zhengmai 1860’ was from October 10th to October 15th, and the optimal sowing date was October 15th; the suitable sowing rate was 187.5-225.0 kg/hm2, and the optimal sowing rate was 225.0 kg/hm2. The optimal combination of sowing date and quantity was October 15th and 187.5 kg/hm2, which was equivalent to a yield of 12326 kg/hm2. The suitable sowing date and sowing quantity technical indicators obtained in this experiment can be promoted and applied under the super high yield cultivation conditions of ‘Zhengmai 1860’ in the main wheat production area of the Eastern Henan Plain.

  Study on Maize Pollen Germination in vitro FAN Mingxia, YANG Yating, SU Lixin, YANG Shuang, WANG He, GAO Song 2024, 40 (17):  21-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0226 Abstract + ( 190 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2509KB )   ( 1257 ) The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different culture medium components on the germination of maize pollen, in order to screen out the optimal culture medium for in vitro germination of maize pollen, and further select suitable culture media for pollen germination of different maize varieties. In this experiment, in vitro germination method was used to test different maize varieties. Single-factor experiments were conducted to compare the effects of different concentrations of sucrose, glucose, lactose, maltose, boric acid, and calcium chloride on the vitality of maize pollen, and to explore the optimal conditions for maize pollen germination. The results showed that when the culture medium components were 0.35 mol/L sucrose, 0.85% agar, 0.01% boric acid, and 0.03% calcium chloride, the germination effect of the control group was the best, reaching 51.6%. Compared with the control group, the experimental group found that this medium had significant differences in the germination of pollen of different varieties. In this study, the pollen germination rates of 8 experimental groups of maize varieties ranged from 1.8% to 21%, and this medium was most suitable for the germination of pollen of variety ‘e12’, but not suitable for the germination of variety ‘e11’. In conclusion, the optimal culture conditions conducive to in vitro germination of maize pollen were screened out, providing valuable reference and theoretical basis for the study of maize pollen germination mechanism, maize genetic breeding, and other related research areas.

  Physiological Response of Potato Seedling Leaves to Low Temperature Stress by Spraying Different Concentrations of Humic Acid GUO Xinsong, HUANG Jian, LIU Xiaochen, HONG Pizheng, FAN Zhongqing, HE Lining, LIU Tongxin, ZHAO Hua, DING Fangjun, WANG Haiwei, WANG Kun 2024, 40 (17):  28-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0584 Abstract + ( 139 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1279KB )   ( 1549 ) Shandong is a typical planting area of spring potato in China. Spring potato is susceptible to occasional low temperature injury at the seedling stage, which has become an important abiotic stress factor in potato production in Shandong Province. If there are no remedial measures taken on low temperature or cold damage, the potato yield will be reduced or the yield will be ruined. In this study, the low temperature stress of potato at -2℃ was simulated, after 3 days of low temperature stress, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% humic acid was sprayed. By detecting the physiological and biochemical indicators of potatoes after spraying different concentrations of humic acid, the mitigation effect of spraying humic acid on chilling injury of potatoes was explored and the best spraying concentration of humic acid was found out. The results showed that, under low temperature stress, spraying humic acid could increase the water content of potato leaves, reduce the electrical conductivity of leaves, which could resist chilling injury; at the same time, spraying humic acid could increase the leaves, chlorophyll content, enhance the photosynthetic capacity; under low temperature stress, spraying humic acid significantly affected the potato leaves antioxidant system at seedling stage, which was manifested by increasing the potato leaves soluble protein content, improving the potato leaves, antioxidant enzyme activity, reducing the accumulation of peroxides in plants, ensuring the normal oxidation reduction potential in plants, and enhancing their cold resistance. The effect of spraying 0.6%-0.8% humic acid on growth of recovering plant was better, and the effect of spraying 0.4%-0.6% humic acid on improving the activity of leaf antioxidant system enzymes was better.

  Bioremediation Methods of Saline-alkali Land HU Shiqin, GU Huaiying, GUO Longbiao, HAO Zhiqi, LIU Changhua, MENG Lijun 2024, 40 (17):  36-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0585 Abstract + ( 236 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1230KB )   ( 3264 ) The area of saline alkali land in China accounts for one tenth of the total area of saline alkali land in the world, which seriously restricts agricultural production. It is very important to repair and make good use of saline alkali land. At present, the methods of saline-alkali land remediation include chemical remediation, engineering remediation and bioremediation, among which bioremediation is an economical, efficient, green and sustainable method. Bioremediation improves the soil and environment of saline-alkali land through biological resources such as plants and microorganisms. Halophytes can grow and reproduce in saline-alkali soil and have the ability to repair high concentration saline-alkali soil, while common crops can enhance their salt tolerance through gene mining and variety cultivation to achieve the purpose of repairing saline-alkali soil. Microorganisms can also be used to improve crop salt tolerance or degrade salt and alkaline substances in saline-alkali soil. Bioremediation is a green and environmentally friendly method for the remediation of saline-alkali land, which is in line with the development strategy of sustainable agriculture and circular economy in China.

  Remediation Effect and Safety Evaluation of Different Passivation Materials Applied in Cadmium and Arsenic Compound Contaminated Soil XU Xiao, ZHANG Xin, ZHANG Mingkui, HUANG Qiaoling, YIN Xianyuan 2024, 40 (17):  43-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0851 Abstract + ( 158 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1138KB )   ( 18 ) To explore the suitable passivation materials for ameliorating the farmland polluted by both cadmium and arsenic, pot experiments were carried out to compare the effects of five passivation materials on the reduction of cadmium and arsenic in rice grain. The materials included red mud, red mud + iron powder, basalt red mud + limestone powder, limestone powder + iron powder and limestone powder + biochar + ferrous sulfate. The experimental results showed that all of the five passivation materials could change the chemical forms of Cd and As in the soil, and reduce the bioavailability of Cd and As in the soil and contents of Cd and As in rice grain. On the whole, three kinds of compound passivation materials, red mud + iron powder, limestone powder + iron powder and limestone powder + biochar + ferrous sulfate, had the most obvious effect, which could reduce Cd and As in the grain by 58%-63% and 56%-67%, respectively. Under the experimental conditions, the five passivation materials did not lead to a significant decline in soil quality. The application of the passivation materials containing limestone powder and biochar was also conducive to reducing soil acidity, increasing soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity. Based on the comprehensive effect, red mud + iron powder is considered as an ideal passivation material for the treatment of Cd and As compound pollution of farmland soils.

  The Contact Toxicity of Arsenic to Earthworms and Regulatory Effect of Selenium YANG Ying, WANG Zhimin, DU Jingjing, ZHOU Zihan, ZHOU Shengzhi, FU Xiaowen, WANG Ruiping, YUE Shizhong 2024, 40 (17):  49-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0525 Abstract + ( 129 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1619KB )   ( 31 ) To investigate the acute filter paper contact toxicity of heavy metal arsenic (As) to earthworms and the regulatory effect of selenium (Se), Eisenia fetida was exposed to two media (filter paper and soil) with different concentrations of Se, and then the acute toxicity test of As was conducted by filter paper contact method. The results showed that the half lethal concentrations (LC50) on E. fetida directly exposed to As (V) contaminated filter paper for 24 and 48 h were 31.33 and 12.30 μg/cm2, respectively. After a 6 h period of adaptation on wet filter paper with Se concentration of 0.5 μg/cm2, the LC50 of As on E. fetida were 30.20 (24 h) and 15.85 μg/cm2 (48 h), respectively. After adapting to soil with Se concentrations of 6 and 12 mg/kg for one week, the LC50 of As to earthworms were 34.67-35.48 μg/cm2 (24 h) and 18.62-21.88 μg/cm2 (48 h), respectively. In conclusion, the pre-exposure of earthworms in Se-containing filter paper and soil both stimulated the improvement of LC50 values at 48 h, indicating that Se can improve the ability of earthworms to tolerate As stress during short exposure periods. This study provides new research ideas and methods for alleviating heavy metal pollution stress on soil biota.

  Heavy Metal Pollution Evaluation and Correlation Analysis of Farmland Soil and Crops in Dongyang City HUANG Dongrong, NIE Wenchang, ZHANG Xu, WAN Chuan, XIA Ming, LEI Tianhao, JIN Leihua 2024, 40 (17):  56-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0566 Abstract + ( 131 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1361KB )   ( 30 ) Taking the farmland area of Dongyang as the research object, the safety of agricultural products was investigated mainly in the basic farmland protection area and the abnormal heavy metal area of soil geochemical investigation. The contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil and crops of Dongyang were determined by point-to-point collaborative sampling method. Soil heavy metal pollution was evaluated by soil accumulation index and potential ecological risk index. The results showed that Cd and Pb pollution existed in the study area, compared with the risk screening value of agricultural land, the over-standard rates were 11.67% and 5.0%. There were Cd and As pollution in crops, compared with the limit of food pollutants, the content of heavy metals As and Cd in 70 pieces of rice samples exceeded the standard, and the over-standard rates were 25.71% and 10.0%; The heavy metal Cd in 14 pieces of taro samples exceeded the standard, and the over-standard rate was 42.86%. Soil pollution evaluation showed that heavy metals such as Cd had strong ecological risk, while other heavy metals had slight ecological risk acceptable range. Correlation analysis showed that As and Cr in soil had antagonistic effects on the absorption of rice, while Cu and Ni in soil had promoting effects on the absorption of Cd in rice. As and Ni in soil had antagonistic effects on the absorption of Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn in taro, while As and Ni in soil had promoting effects on the absorption of Cd in taro.

  Research and Application of Seaweed Oligosaccharides in the Development of Green Agriculture WU Yufan, WANG Hongrui, FAN Haojie, GUO Fengxiao, XU Xueren, WANG Feng, LI Cong 2024, 40 (17):  63-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0586 Abstract + ( 191 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1401KB )   ( 3417 ) The extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides in China has impeded the development of green agriculture. Seaweed oligosaccharides can promote sustainable green agriculture, enhance agricultural production efficiency, and ensure food safety. This study presented a comprehensive overview of seaweed oligosaccharides, including their classification, preparation techniques and agricultural applications. First, the classification and structure of seaweed oligosaccharides were outlined. Next, the physical, chemical and biological preparation methods of seaweed oligosaccharides were discussed in detail. The applications of seaweed oligosaccharides in improving fertilizer utilization, soil fertility, crop yield and quality, and disease resistance were then explored. The results demonstrated that seaweed oligosaccharides had the agricultural functions in fertilizer utilization, crop yield and quality and disease resistance enhancement. Finally, the future prospects of applying seaweed oligosaccharides in agricultural production were put forward, providing valuable insights to further promote their role in achieving green agriculture development.

  Climate Suitability Evaluation of Winter Wheat in Semi-Arid Area of Loess Plateau: A Case Study of Tongwei County JIAO Run’an, LI Xuhua, QI Yue, LEI Jun, GOU Zhiwen, ZANG Yajun, XUE Xiao 2024, 40 (17):  73-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0419 Abstract + ( 163 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1419KB )   ( 50 ) Climate suitability can represent the degree of influence of climate conditions on crop growth and development. Based on the meteorological data and agricultural meteorological observation data of the last 40 years in Tongwei County in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau, and the fuzzy mathematical method, the climate suitability of winter wheat during the whole growth period in semi-arid rain-fed agricultural area of Loess Plateau was evaluated according to the requirements of temperature, moisture and light in each development period of winter wheat. The results showed that the temperature suitability of winter wheat during the whole growth period in Tongwei County was 0.58 in the past 40 years, and the temperature suitability of winter wheat during the overwintering period was the highest (0.95). The temperature suitability of three-leaf stage to overwintering stage was low (-0.42), and the inter-annual difference was small. The temperature suitability of winter wheat during the whole growth period increased at a rate of 0.019/10a. Water suitability was 0.46, the highest water suitability was 0.66 for filling stage to ripening, followed by 0.63 for re-greening to jointing, and the water suitability increased at a rate of 0.017/10a during the whole growth period. The light suitability was 0.62, the highest light suitability was 0.68 from overwintering stage and re-greening stage to jointing stage, and the lowest was 0.51 from filling stage to maturity stage. The light suitability increased by 0.011/10a in the whole growth stage. The comprehensive suitability was 0.54, the highest was 0.70 at the re-greening to jointing stage, and the lowest was -0.36 at the three-leaf to overwintering stage. The comprehensive suitability increased at the rate of 0.014/10a during the whole growth period. Yield was significantly correlated with temperature suitability from heading stage to milk maturity stage, water suitability from milk maturity stage to maturity stage and comprehensive suitability from filling stage to maturity stage. The climatic suitability can accurately reflect the change of meteorological conditions during the growing period of winter wheat in the semi-arid of the Loess Plateau.

  Variation Characteristics and Trend Prediction of Winter Agroclimatic Resources in Baise City ZHANG Huijing, ZHOU Xiuhua, QIN Chuan 2024, 40 (17):  81-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0754 Abstract + ( 164 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1955KB )   ( 38 ) To adapt to climate change and develop and utilize winter agroclimatic resources in Baise city properly, based on the daily observation data of average temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration from 12 national meteorological stations during December 1970 to February 2023 in Baise City, the distribution characteristics, evolution and future change trend of winter agroclimatic resources in Baise City were analyzed by using linear trend analysis, Mann-Kendall mutation test, wavelet analysis. The results indicated that: (1) Baise City had abundant heat resources in winter. The average temperature and accumulated temperature ≥10℃ were the highest in Youjiang River Valley and the lowest in northern mountainous area. The precipitation was more in the south and less in the north. Sunshine duration in the north and middle of Youjiang River Valley were generally higher than those in other areas. (2) From 1971 to 2023, the winter climate of Baise showed a warm and humid trend, and the average winter temperature and accumulated temperature ≥10℃ showed a significant upward trend in general, with the rates of 0.18 ℃/10a and 27.30 ℃·d/10a respectively, and both showed an abrupt increase around 1991. Precipitation showed a significant increasing trend with a rate of 5.27 mm/10a, with a sudden increase in 2010. The sunshine duration in winter showed a significant decreasing trend, and the change rate was -10.36h /10a. In the study period, the four factors all had an interdecadal scale change cycle of 10 to 16 years. (3) The results of projection show that under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the average winter temperature and accumulated temperature ≥10℃ in Baise City during 2024-2080 show a significant upward trend, while the trend of precipitation is not significant. Sunshine duration increases significantly under RCP4.5. Climate warming brings better heat conditions to winter agricultural production in Baise City, but the fluctuation of precipitation and sunshine duration is great, which increases the instability of agricultural production.

  Meteorological Conditions for Floating Seedling Rearing of Tobacco in Solar Greenhouse REN Heng, SHEN Yu, XIA Jin, DU Shiye, REN Yongjian, LIU Shaoxia, ZENG Fanrui, LIU Qiao 2024, 40 (17):  89-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0580 Abstract + ( 125 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1631KB )   ( 20 ) In order to understand the requirements of meteorological conditions in different growth stages of tobacco seedling bed, microclimate stations were set up in three sunlight greenhouses with different altitudes. Leaf age and physiological indexes of tobacco leaf were observed in combination with the sunshine and total radiation exposure data of tobacco leaf automatic weather stations outside the shed, and the requirements of temperature, humidity and light on seedlings at different altitudes were analyzed. The results showed that the ecological factors affecting the growth of seedlings in sunlight greenhouse were temperature > water > light. It takes 14-19 days from seeding to emergence, and about 4 days for each true leaf. The average temperature of the whole seedling period is 12.0-15.5℃, the relative humidity is controlled at 72.4%, the average temperature of nutrient solution is 11.0-15.1℃, and the accumulated temperature required for the seedling period is 555.1-640.8℃. The sunshine duration is 247.0 -293.0 hours, and the total radiation exposure is 550.5-686.7MJ/m2. In this paper, temperature, humidity and light requirements of tobacco seedlings at different altitudes are studied and summarized, which provide theoretical support for meteorological services during the whole growth period of tobacco planting.

  Risk Analysis of Rainstorm Disaster in Dandong Blueberry Ripening Period Based on Poisson Distribution DONG Haitao, SHAN Lulu, MENG Xin, LI Runan, FANG Yihe 2024, 40 (17):  97-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0589 Abstract + ( 164 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1417KB )   ( 108 ) In order to understand the influence of rainstorm disaster on blueberry ripening period, the meteorological data of blueberry ripening period at four stations in Dandong Region from 1991 to 2020 were used. Taking the rainstorm continuous for 3 days or more (daily precipitation ≥0.1 mm and at least 1 day precipitation ≥50 mm) as the disaster index, considering the frequency, intensity and duration of the rainstorm comprehensively, the disaster grades of light, moderate and severe rainstorm were worked out, and the change rule of blueberry rainstorm disaster was analyzed by the disaster frequency and station-to-station ratio. The results showed that during the 30-year period, the heavy rain disasters in Dandong showed a decreasing trend, and the frequency of heavy rain increased in the south and decreased in the north, especially in Fengcheng, the frequency tendency rate of rainstorm disaster was 0.19 times/10 a(p<0.01). The risk of heavy rain disaster was low in the early maturing period of 30 years, and the risk probability of light and moderate heavy rain disaster was close to or more than once in 20 years (≥5%), and no serious disaster occurred, the probability of occurrence of both mild and severe disasters was more than 10 years (≥10%). Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County is a high-risk area for heavy rain disasters. The disaster area is wide, the frequency is high and the intensity is heavy. The probability of occurrence of the three types of heavy rain disasters is more than once in ten years (≥10%).The results provide a scientific basis for dealing with the heavy rain disaster during the mature period of blueberry.

  Analysis of Rice Yield Increase Potential in Southeast Heilongjiang Province Under the Background of Climate Change WANG Ping, ZHOU Baocai, HAN Junjie, XU Yongqing, JI Yanghui, LI Xiufen, JIANG Lixia, NA Rongbo 2024, 40 (17):  106-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0844 Abstract + ( 123 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1315KB )   ( 33 ) The purpose of this study is to calculate the climate production potential of rice in southeast Heilongjiang Province, and to analyze its yield increase potential, so as to provide scientific basis for rational and effective utilization of climatic resources and improvement of rice productivity. Based on the observed data during the growing period, the critical temperature indexes for sowing, transplanting and ripening of rice were calculated. The climate potential of rice was calculated by using the stepwise correction method recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and then the space for increasing yield was calculated and its multi-year change was analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows. The critical temperatures of sowing, transplanting and ripening were 5℃, 12.5℃ and 10℃. In Wuchang, Binxian and Ning 'an, the climatic potential production of rice increased from sowing to ripening and transplanting to ripening. The climatic potential production of rice increased in most areas, and climate warming was beneficial to rice production. From 1961 to 2020, the potential of yield per unit area in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province showed the trend of first decline and then rise from sowing to ripening, and 2009 was the turning point of decline to rise, and the trend of increasing yield per unit area from transplanting to ripening also showed the trend of first decline and then rise, and 2008 was the turning point of decline to rise. In the recent 60 years, with climate warming, the actual productivity of rice in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province has gradually increased, that is, the actual yield per unit area of rice has gradually increased, but there is still a big gap with its climate production potential, and there is still a huge space for rice production. The results can provide scientific basis for rational distribution of rice production and full and effective utilization of climate resources.

  Experimental Study on Prevention and Treatment of Stem Base Rot of Ipomoea batatas During Cutting Period LIN Haizhong, ZHANG Minrong, LIN Feirong, YU Jihua 2024, 40 (17):  114-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0494 Abstract + ( 134 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1244KB )   ( 57 ) In order to effectively prevent stem base rot and ensure the sustainable and healthy development of Ipomoea batatas industry, two varieties, 'Zheshu 38' and' Guangtaishu 1', were selected in 2022. Starting from May 12, the cuttings were carried out every 14 days for a total of 8 stages to carry out the experiment for preventing and controlling the stem base rot of Ipomoea batatas at different cutting stages. The results showed that the earlier the cutting stage, the more the plant number of stem base rot occurred, and the later the cutting stage, the miler the disease was, and the fewer the number of stem base rot. The correlation between the cutting stage and the plant incidence reached a very significant level by variance analysis and significance test. The data model of the relationship between them was established by logarithm function, y=-11.8429lnx+54.8861. Correlation coefficient r=-0.938>R0.01[2,6]=0.834, reaching a very significant level. The results of fresh potato yield measurement showed that, the later the cutting yield, the lower the yield, and the F value of yield difference was 11.29569>F0.01[7,14]=4.28, reaching the extremely significant standard. Combining disease prevention and Ipomoea batatas yield analysis, it was appropriate to take cutting around June 9 to prevent disease and obtain high yield, which had positive guiding significance for the prevention and control of stem base rot.

  Research Progress on Anthracnose and Its Pathogens in Amomi Fructus DENG Quanqing, XU Shiqiang, MEI Yu, GU Yan, LI Jingyu, WANG Jihua 2024, 40 (17):  120-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0650 Abstract + ( 118 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2758KB )   ( 431 ) Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is a major disease that significantly affects the safe production and quality of Amomi fructus. The research on the pathogenic bacteria causing anthracnose in Amomi fructus is currently inadequate. This paper provides an overview of research findings on the occurrence, harmful effects, prevention and control measures of anthracnose in Amomi fructus, as well as the characteristics in morphology and biology, classification, and identification and detection techniques of the pathogen. The aim is to serve as a reference for further basic research and control measures on Amomi fructus anthracnose.

  Phenotypic Observation of Canada Asiatica in Different Invasive Areas of Yunnan FAN Zewen, ZHENG Fengping, YANG Yunhai, YANG Shaosong, ZHANG Fudou, SHEN Shicai, XU Gaofeng, ZHANG Zhiyan, CHUAN Li, CUI Yuchen 2024, 40 (17):  127-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0570 Abstract + ( 131 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1247KB )   ( 410 ) This study aimed to clarify the ecological adaptability of Solidago canadensis L. in 11 different occurrence areas in Yunnan Province. The plant traits and differences were observed under common garden conditions, respectively. The results showed that the further growth and reproduction characteristics of Solidago canadensis L. occurring in different invasive regions differed significantly under common garden conditions, in which the variation of root sprouting trait index reached 54.23%, and the variation of stem diameter, leaf width and leaf shape indexes ranged from 23.63%-26.31%. Among the biomass allocation ratios, the plant with the highest percentage of flower biomass allocation was from Qiubei County of Wenshan Prefecture, the plant with the highest percentage of leaf biomass allocation was from Xishan District of Kunming, the plant with the highest percentage of culm biomass allocation was from Panlong District of Kunming, and the plant with the highest percentage of root biomass allocation was also from Panlong District of Kunming. In the further determination of the four enzyme activities of POD, SOD, CAT and MDA, the plant populations from 11 different invasive regions and habitats showed significant differences, among which those from Qiubei point and Panlong point were the most prominent. In the cluster analysis, it was found that the leaves in the plant traits showed certain variability, but in the bias correlation analysis of climatic factors, the climatic factors in the original place had less influence on Solidago canadensis L. The results of the study showed that the plant traits of Solidago canadensis L. were basically stable and consistent, but the phenotypes in different invasive areas had some differences and plasticity due to the different environmental conditions. The results of this study lay an important scientific foundation for clarifying the ecological adaptability of the Solidago canadensis L. in Yunnan Province, and provide a scientific basis for early warning, monitoring and preventing the expansion of this invasive plant.

  Genome Survey Analysis of Curculio chinensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ZHANG Li, WU Jiaxi, ZENG Luoqi, LIU Hui, TANG Xiaoyu 2024, 40 (17):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0607 Abstract + ( 139 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1485KB )   ( 13 ) The camellia weevil, Curculio chinensis Chevrolat, is a host-specific predator of the seeds of oil-tea camellia, endemic woody oil-bearing plant in China. It is one of the dangerous pests in Chinese forestry, and is widely distributed in different oil-tea camellia planting areas of China with increasing damage. In order to further study its genetic basis and host adaptability, and determine sequencing strategies that were suitable for genome sequencing of Curculionidae in Coleoptera, survey sequencing was first adopted to lay the foundation for further deep genome sequencing and large-scale population sequencing. In this study, reads from second-generation high-throughput sequencing technology (MGISEQ-2000 Pair-End sequencing platform) was used to determine the genome size of C. chinensis, and estimate the heterozygosity, repetition rate and GC content of the genome mass of this species. The results showed that the genome size of C. chinensis was about 1356.82 Mb, and the sequencing depth reached 50×. K-mer analysis showed that although there was a heterozygous peak in the C. chinensis genome, the heterozygous rate was as low as 1.20%. And the content of repeated sequences was about 77%. The results of this study are of great significance to reveal the adaptive evolution of Camellia weevil, and can provide a basis for the selection of strategies for the subsequent construction of a complete genome and multi-population genome sequencing.

  The Application Effect of Bovine in vitro Embryo Freezing in Production SUN Wei, ZHAO Yongchao, ZHANG Haobo, WANG Chao, GUO Yaxin, WANG Lequn, WANG Feifei, LIU Tao, ZHANG Bozhao, QIAO Jiaming, LI Xihe 2024, 40 (17):  142-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0865 Abstract + ( 116 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1595KB )   ( 11 ) The aim is to screen for more efficient cryopreservation schemes for bovine in vitro embryos by comparing the effects of different vitrification and programmed cryopreservation schemes. The 2-hour recovery rate, 24-hour hatching rate, and 45 day initial pregnancy rate between instrument vitrification and manual vitrification frozen bovine embryos in vitro were compared; the 2-hour recovery rate, 24-hour hatching rate, and 48-hour hatching rate of frozen bovine in vitro embryos between two programmed freezing schemes were compared; and the pregnancy rates of 45 day transplantation of fresh embryos in vitro, frozen embryos in vitro, and frozen embryos in vitro in cattle were compared. There was no significant difference in the 2-hour recovery rate (72.91%±5.52% vs.70.91%±6.75%) and 24-hour hatching rate (60.42%±6.33% vs. 58.18%±5.62%) between the instrument vitrification freezing scheme and the programmed freezing scheme for thawed embryos (P>0.05). The 24-hour hatching rate of frozen thawed embryos with sucrose scheme in programmed freezing was significantly higher than that of the freezing scheme without sucrose (44.23%±3.33% vs. 37.50%±3.58%) (P<0.05). The 45 days examination pregnancy rates of fresh bovine embryos in vitro, frozen bovine embryos in vitro, and frozen bovine embryos in vivo were 56.81%±6.27%, 45.00%±6.13%, and 49.41%±7.55%, respectively. In practical applications, there is still a certain gap in the freezing effect of bovine embryos produced in vitro compared to in vivo embryos. There is no significant difference in the effect between instrument vitrification freezing and manual vitrification freezing. The use of sucrose in the programmed freezing scheme can significantly improve the freezing effect.

  Visual Analysis of Research Status, Hotspot and Development Trend of Morchella Based on CiteSpace LIU Ziming, ZHANG Chunji, LIU Dan, GAO Xiuhong 2024, 40 (17):  149-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0665 Abstract + ( 126 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2488KB )   ( 2069 ) In order to understand the research status of Morchella for drug and food use, the scientific knowledge map was used to show the development frontiers and directions in the field of Morchella research quantitatively and objectively. This study selected 433 works of research literature of EI and core journal papers related to Morchella collected by CNKI, used the latest scientometrics software CiteSpace 6.1.R3 (64-bit) basic to perform visual analysis on the research institutions, authors and keywords involved in the literature, and constructed the co-occurrence network of Morchella related research. The content of hot topics in Chinese literature was analyzed, the current hot topics were discussed, the shortcomings of Morchella research were summarized, and the development trend was discussed. The institutions with the largest number of publications include the College of Life Sciences of Yunnan University, the Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Kunming Edible Fungi Research Institute of the All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives. The most two researchers with publications were from these organizations. According to the results of keyword clustering and emergent word analysis, the current research on Morchella focuses on the subjects of liquid fermentation and cultivation, nutrient composition, and medicinal value, and the future research will focus on the optimization of artificial cultivation technology, development of new varieties, and genetic characteristics of Morchella.

  Effect Analysis of Different Concentration of Quicklime on Pond Plankton HOU Mingyong, TAO Zhiying, CHEN Wenjing, XU Xiandong, RAO Yi 2024, 40 (17):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0508 Abstract + ( 188 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1181KB )   ( 133 ) Different concentration gradients (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mg/L) of quicklime were set to carry out canvas grid experiment in small ponds in Jiangxi Institute of Fisheries Science, and the effects of quicklime on the changes of pond alkalinity, pH, plankton species number, biological density and biodiversity were determined. The results showed that the alkalinity and pH of the pond were upgraded in different degrees after quicklime application, and the alkalinity and pH value after 1 day were higher than that after 7 days. A total of 25 species of phytoplankton were detected in all groups, belonging to 15 species of Chlorophyta, 6 species of Cyanophyta, 3 species of Bacillariophyta, and 1 species of Cryptophyta. The maximum biomass and biological density of phytoplankton in the 100 mg/L treatment group were 422.45 mg/L and 55.901×104 cells/L, respectively, and the diversity index in the 50 mg/L treatment group was the maximum. There were 6 species of zooplankton, including 2 species of Copepods, 1 species of Cladocerans and 3 species of Rotifers. In the 50 mg/L treatment group, the biological density, species number, richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were the largest, which were 1304.2 cells/L, 5, 1.3333 and 1.5596, respectively. In conclusion, the application of 50 mg/L quicklime to splash pond is the most beneficial to plankton and cost saving, which can provide reference for quicklime application dosage in aquatic practice.