Current issue

• 2024 Vol.40 No.16 Published:05 June 2024

  Research Progress on Rice Quality MENG Jianan, DUAN Haiyan 2024, 40 (16):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0528 Abstract + ( 148 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1207KB )   ( 71 ) In this paper, the research status and development trend of rice quality at home and abroad were reviewed, the genetic basis of rice quality formation, regulatory molecular mechanisms and strategies for optimizing rice quality were summarized, and the correlation between rice quality and related genes such as starch, protein, lipid, aroma and color was revealed. Two specific countermeasures to improve rice quality, gene editing technology and molecular marker-assisted technology, were described. The challenges in rice quality research, such as imbalance between rice quality and yield, difficulty in transforming and popularizing rice quality improvement technology, regional adaptability of rice in breeding process, high breeding cost and long breeding cycle, and consumer acceptance of improved rice, were pointed out. Countermeasures were put forward from the aspects of multi-party cooperation and resource sharing, strengthening basic research and innovative technology, efficient screening and evaluation methods, considering diversified needs, and promoting the integration of industry-university-research and technology transformation, so as to provide theoretical guidance for optimizing rice quality and cultivating high-quality rice varieties.

  Effect of Sulphur and Nitrogen Combined Application on Quantity and Yield and Yield Components of Strong Gluten Wheat SUN Yunchao, JI Chuanyun, ZHANG Xin, LI Haibin, WANG Luying, FENG Shengye, CHENG Qianqian, ZHAO Yang, XIONG Yongxing 2024, 40 (16):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0537 Abstract + ( 129 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 48 ) To study the effect of combined application of nitrogen and sulfur on yield and quality characters of strong gluten wheat, strong gluten wheat ‘Zhouyuan 9369’ was used as experimental material. Three nitrogen fertilizer levels, 150, 300 and 45 kg/hm2, and four sulfur fertilizer levels, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg/hm2, were set up in the experiment. In this paper, the effects of combined application of nitrogen and sulfur on dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components, and some quality characters of ‘Zhouyuan 9369’ were studied. The results showed that when the nitrogen application rate was at the range of 150-300 kg/hm2, the dry matter accumulation and grain yield of ‘Zhouyuan 9369’ were increased with the increase of applying sulfur; while the nitrogen application rate was 450 kg/hm2, the dry matter accumulation and grain yield were decreased with the increase of sulfur application rate. When the nitrogen application rate was at the range of 150-300 kg/hm2, the grain protein content of ‘Zhouyuan 9369’ was increased with the increase of applying sulfur; while the nitrogen application rate was 450 kg/hm2 and the sulfur application rate was less than 40 kg/hm2, the grain protein content was increased with the increase of sulfur application rate, but when the sulfur application rate exceeded 40 kg/hm2, the grain protein content was decreased. The content of Glutenin Macropolymer (GMP) was increased by increasing sulfur fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. Under the same nitrogen application rate, the content of hydrogen sulfur bond and disulfide bond in grain protein were increased, while under the same sulfur application rate, the content of hydrogen sulfur bond and disulfide bond were increased at first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Therefore, for the wheat field with a perennial yield of around 8200 kg/hm2, it was suggested that in the production of strong gluten wheat, nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled at the range of 150-300 kg/hm2 and sulfur fertilizer should be controlled at the range of 60-80 kg/hm2, to obtain ideal yield and quality.

  Effects of Tillage Method and Chemical Treatments on Yield of Wheat and Occurrence of Fusarium Head Blight WU Xiaoli, LI Chaosu, LIU Miao, LI Ming, LI Shizhao, XIONG Tao, TANG Yonglu 2024, 40 (16):  13-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0518 Abstract + ( 123 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1387KB )   ( 31 ) To clarify the influences of different tillage measures and chemical treatments on yield and occurrence of fusarium head blight of wheat, two tillage and straw utilization methods (deep-rotating straw buried and no-tillage straw mulching), three chemicals (control, chemical agents and biological preparation) and five wheat varieties were selected during 2019-2022, to study the occurrence of fusarium head blight in wheat, the effect of chemical control and genotype difference under different tillage and straw utilization methods. The results indicated that the higher incidence of fusarium head blight in 2022 was mainly related to the rainfall during flowering and grain filling stage. The yield of no-tillage straw mulch was significantly higher than that under deep-rotating straw buried by 11.76%-58.82%, mainly due to the difference of spike number, the soil fusarium content and rate of diseased grains under no-tillage were significantly lower than those under rotary tillage, but the diseased panicle rate and perithecium number were significantly higher than those under deep tillage. In the year of mild fusarium head blight occurrence, the effect of biological preparation was optimum, followed by chemical treatment. In the year of severe fusarium head blight occurrence, chemical treatment was slightly better than that of biological preparation. Among the varieties, ‘Mianmai 902’ had higher yield, but was susceptible to fusarium head blight infection, ‘Chuanmai 618’ had better yield and fusarium head blight resistance performance. On the whole, no-tillage straw mulch was beneficial to yield increase, and the occurrence of fusarium head blight can be effectively inhibited by the use of resistant varieties and reasonable agents.

  Response of Brassica napus Varieties at Seedling Stage to Different Waterlogging Environments YE Wenwei, MI Luo, LI Feixia, LIU Ranjin, DENG Chaoyang, LI Chaosu, LI Ming, ZHUANG Juan, ZHAO Wei, LIAO Yingxiu, WANG Zhihua, JING Shuzhong, CHENG Bin 2024, 40 (16):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0553 Abstract + ( 136 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1194KB )   ( 34 ) The paper aims to screen out the varieties of Brassica napus with waterlogging tolerance, to provide a basis for high-quality and moisture-resistant rapeseed varieties in Sichuan and other rice-oil rotation mode areas. In this experiment, the B. napus varieties ‘Chuanyou 36’, ‘Chuanyou 46’, ‘Chuanyou 83’, ‘Chuanzaoyou 1’, ‘Yuyou 35’and ‘Chunxi 1402’, which were mainly promoted in Sichuan, Chongqing and Yunnan, were used as experimental materials. Indoor water flooding culture was carried out for 3, 5 and 7 days to simulate the field environment under different degrees of waterlogging stress, to study the response of B. napus varieties to different wet damage environments at seedling stage. It was found that the comprehensive wet-damage index was positively correlated with germination rate and fresh weight of seedlings, but not with the length of main roots and plant height. The waterlogging tolerance of various B. napus varieties at seedling stage was ‘Chuanyou 83’> ‘Yuyou 35’> ‘Chunxi 1402’> ‘Chuanyou 36’>‘Chuanzaoyou 1’> ‘Chuanyou 46’. To sum up, the B. napus with waterlogging tolerance at seedling stage can be determined by germination rate and fresh weight of seedlings, and the comprehensive wet-damage index can be directly used to evaluate its waterlogging tolerance. ‘Chuanyou 83’, a B. napus variety with strong waterlogging tolerance, was selected at seedling stage in this experiment.

  Effects of Nitrogen-reduction and Microbial Agents on Dry Matter, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Accumulation of Tobacco ZHANG Yang, XIA Bing, CAI Qi, XIE Huiya, CHEN Shunyao, HE Wei, HUANG Qionghui, WANG Xinyue, QUAN Keying, DENG Xiaohua 2024, 40 (16):  26-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0458 Abstract + ( 115 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1315KB )   ( 44 ) In order to clarify the regulatory effects of nitrogen reduction combined with microbial agents on dry matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients in flue-cured tobacco, a two-factor experiment was designed using ‘Yunyan 87’ as an example to compare the differences in dry matter accumulation and distribution, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient accumulation and distribution, and fertilizer utilization efficiency among different treatments of flue-cured tobacco. The contribution rates of fertilization patterns, microbial agents, and their interactions to the accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients, and fertilizer utilization efficiency in flue-cured tobacco were analyzed using η2 method. The results showed that nitrogen reduction combined with microbial agents could increase the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients in flue-cured tobacco, improve accumulation efficiency, utilization efficiency, and absorption efficiency, and improve the production efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer tobacco. The contribution rates of fertilization modes, microbial agents, and their interactions to dry matter accumulation were 41.90%, 29.34%, and 28.76%; the contribution rates to nitrogen accumulation were 41.98%, 27.49%, and 30.53%; the contribution rates to phosphorus accumulation were 34.63%, 34.47% and 30.90%, respectively; and the contribution rates to potassium accumulation were 24.17%, 32.95%, and 42.87%. In the southern rainy tobacco region, adopting a nitrogen reduction fertilization model of reducing the proportion of base fertilizer and applying base fertilizer in holes, coupled with applying microbial agents, can improve the accumulation of dry matter and nutrients in tobacco leaves and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, which is conducive to promoting the early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco in rice stubble.

  Effect of Selenium on Physiological Characteristics of Radish Seedlings Under Boron Toxicity YUAN Weiling, CHEN Weifang, LIU Zhixiong, CHEN Leifu, WU Run 2024, 40 (16):  36-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0475 Abstract + ( 109 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1379KB )   ( 86 ) This paper aims to investigate the effects of different concentrations of selenium and boron on the growth of radish seedlings, further explore the effects of selenium on the biomass and reactive oxygen species metabolism of radish seedlings under boron toxicity, providing technical support for reducing boron toxicity in radish seedlings. Using radish seedlings (Raphanus sativus ‘Xuedan No.1’) as the test material, a pot experiment was conducted with 5 boron concentrations (0, 125, 250, 500, 750 μmol/L) and 5 selenium concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 μmol/L), to study the effects of foliar spraying of different concentrations of selenium and boron on the growth of radish seedlings. Furtherly, 2 boron treatments (250 and 500 μmol/L) were sprayed with Se (0, 5 μmol/L) to study the effect of moderate selenium on physiological characteristics of radish seedlings under boron toxicity. The fresh weight of radish seedlings showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of selenium and boron concentrations sprayed on the leaves. When selenium spraying concentration for radish seedlings was 5 μmol/L, foliar boron spraying concentration was 500 μmol/L, radish seedlings showed symptoms of poisoning. Compared with normal boron application (250 μmol/L), boron toxicity (500 μmol/L) significantly reduced the dry matter weight of radish seedlings, increased the boron content and boron accumulation, decreased the contents of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione (GSH) in leaves of radish seedlings, and increased the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Spraying proper amount of selenium (5 μmol/L), compared with selenium free treatment, the boron content and boron accumulation of radish seedlings under boron toxicity treatment decreased by 40.06% and 37.36% respectively, the activities of POD, CAT, APX antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of seedlings increased by 14.82% and 17.45% respectively, the contents of non enzymatic antioxidants GSH and ascorbic acid (ASA) increased by 13.89% and 5.88% respectively, and the contents of H2O2 and MDA decreased by 28.43% and 20.45% respectively. The proper selenium can improve the antioxidant effect of radish seedlings, reduce the accumulation of active oxygen, reduce the toxicity of boron toxicity on radish seedlings, and improve the adaptation range of plants to boron.

  Effect of Different Management Measures and Cultivation Substrate on Potted Allium mongolicum YAN Zizhu, YAO Ze, JIANG Shengxiu, XU Gaoxing, WANG Junzeng 2024, 40 (16):  43-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0497 Abstract + ( 111 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1162KB )   ( 135 ) In order to explore the artificial cultivation technology of Allium mongolicum, the sowing experiment was carried out according to the multi-factor split zone. The different proportions of sand and clay were put into pottery pot as cultivation substrate, and the seeds were divided into treatment and non-treatment, the emergence rate and height of the seedlings were observed. At the same time, the cultivation substrate with the ratio of sand and clay 1:1 was selected as the research object, and 1-year old A. mongolicum seedlings were transplanted into pottery pot. After 1 year of cultivation, different treatments like loosening the soil and irrigation were conducted to observe the fresh biomass and height of A. mongolicum. The results showed that treatment of seed had a great effect on the germination rate, which was significantly higher than that of the untreated seeds (P<0.01). Substrate had a great influence on emergence rate of the seedlings, the seed emergence rate of pure sand was significantly higher than that of half soil and half sand, and pure clay (P<0.05). The fresh biomass of potted A. mongolicum was not significantly affected by loosening soil or not (P>0.01); irrigation treatment had a great effect on the height growth of A. mongolicum, the height growth of 600 mL/time treatment was large, but it was not significantly different with 800 mL/time (P>0.05), and it was significantly different with other treatments (P<0.05).

  Research on Growth Model for Hydroponic Lettuce in Facility Plastic Greenhouse in Southern China ZHU Huaiwei, HE Bohan, ZHENG Zehua, WANG Guanglun, LIANG Huanqing 2024, 40 (16):  49-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0488 Abstract + ( 128 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1598KB )   ( 34 ) In order to optimize the digital production management measures of hydroponic lettuce in facility plastic greenhouse in southern China, the hydroponic planting experiments on ‘Italian lettuce’ were conducted in facility plastic greenhouse of Guangdong Agro-meteorological Experimental Station from November 2021 to February 2022. Models for predicting hydroponic lettuce growth index based on two agro-meteorological indicators of effective accumulated temperature (EAT) and product of thermal effectiveness and PAR (TEP) were used to determine greenhouse environmental elements and lettuce growth data, and the models were validated by independent experimental sampling data. The results showed that, (1) the determination coefficients (R2) of the predicted and measured values of leaf number, leaf area, leaf fresh and dry weight based on the EAT model were as follows: 0.911, 0.963, 0.948 and 0.934, the root mean square errors were 3.194 pieces, 398.298 cm2, 26.488 g and 1.934 g. (2) The R2 of the predicted and measured values of the model based on the TEP indicator were 0.940, 0.972, 0.965 and 0.956, the root mean square errors were 1.260 pieces, 170.672 cm2, 9.261 g and 0.464 g, respectively. This study suggests that the TEP model is superior to EAT model in general, and the fitting accuracy of TEP model between the predicted value and the measured value is better than EAT model in facility plastic greenhouse of southern China.

  Effects of Two Rootstocks on Quality and Mineral Nutrition of ‘Eureka’ Blueberry Fruit YU Ran, GUO Peipei, WU Shuangshuang, ZHU Xinyi, ZUO Zhaorui, ZHANG Chunlong, ZHU Bo, XIAO Jiaxin 2024, 40 (16):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0554 Abstract + ( 152 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1328KB )   ( 149 ) In order to further clarify the effects of different rootstocks on fruit quality of blueberry, the fruit quality traits, photosynthetic characteristics, and mineral nutrient changes of the southern highbush blueberry ‘Eureka’ (Vaccinium corymbosum) grafted on the rabbit eye blueberry ‘Choice’ and ‘Baldwin’ (V. virgatum) were studied. Seven fruit quality traits, such as the fresh weight of single fruit, were determined and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was carried out. The photosynthetic parameters were measured by a portable photosynthesizer, and the contents of mineral elements of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in fruits and leaves were determined with a plasma emission spectrometer. The anthocyanin and vitamin C contents in the fruit of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ were the highest, and the comprehensive quality of the fruit was good, while the comprehensive quality of the fruit of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Baldwin’ and own-rooted ‘Eureka’ were medium. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ were significantly lower than those of own-rooted ‘Eureka’, while there was no significant difference in the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) between the grafted and non-grafted ‘Eureka’, and Pn was only positively correlated with Gs. It was speculated that the relatively low Pn value of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ was mainly caused by non-stomatal factors. The contents of Ca and Mn in the leaves of the grafted and non-grafted ‘Eureka’, the contents of Mg in the leaves of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ and ‘Baldwin’, and the contents of B and Cu in the leaves of ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’ were all at a low level, while others were at a moderate or high level. ‘Choice’ rootstock significantly improved the fruit quality of ‘Eureka’, but significantly reduced the Pn value. Both ‘Choice’ and ‘Baldwin’ reduced the Mg content of ‘Eureka’ leaves, and ‘Choice’ rootstock also reduced the B and Cu content of ‘Eureka’ leaves. Therefore, in addition to increasing the application of Ca and Mn fertilizers in the production of ‘Eureka’ blueberries, Mg fertilizer should also be applied to the ‘Eureka’ grafted on two rootstocks, and B and Cu fertilizers need to be added to the ‘Eureka’ grafted on ‘Choice’.

  Comparative Experiment of Non-transgenic New Papaya Varieties WU Xiaming, LIN Wei, YANG Min, ZHOU Chenping, KUANG Ruibin, DAI Hongfen, YANG Junxian, YANG Meizhen, WEI Yuerong 2024, 40 (16):  63-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0511 Abstract + ( 108 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1247KB )   ( 34 ) This study aims to select several new papaya varieties with better comprehensive agronomic traits and suitable for large-scale cultivating in Guangdong Province. A comparative analysis of the plant growth, yield, resistance, fruiting characteristics, fruit commercialization and quality were performed with new papaya varieties ‘Zihui’, ‘Huanghuayou’, and ‘Zhufeng’ in three different regions, ‘Thai Red’ as the control. The plants of four varieties grew luxuriantly with better comprehensive agronomic traits in all pilot sites. Furthermore, ‘Zihui’ and ‘Huanghuayou’ exhibited low fruiting parts, medium inflorescence main axis length, high fruit consistency and node fruit setting rate, stable yield, smooth fruit surface with good color. Besides, the fruits of ‘Zhufeng’ had high sugar content, high and stable yield, and endurable storage. The above new varieties showed excellent quality, and could be used as non-transgenic high-quality and high-yield new varieties. ‘Huanghuayou’ and ‘Zhufeng’ papaya were suitable for fresh food, while ‘Zihui’ was good for both fresh food and processing. All the three new papaya varieties are suitable for promotion in Guangdong or similar climate producing areas.

  Study on Morphological Structure and Ergastic Substance of Different Nutrient Organs in Paeonia ludlowii GE Lixin, ZHANG Shixin, JIANG Yi, ZHENG Shuoheng, DAI Mingjun, SHI Minjing, TIAN Weimin, ZHANG Hua 2024, 40 (16):  72-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0010 Abstract + ( 116 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 6976KB )   ( 14 ) In order to explore the growth and development of Paeonia ludlowii, as well as the synthesis and accumulation of ergastic substance, optical microscopy was used to observe the morphological structure of different vegetative organs, including root, stem and petiole, to analyze the species and contents of the ergastic substance. The results showed that the cortex and periderm of the nutritional organs of Paeonia ludlowii were well-developed, the phloem was thick and the cell volume was large, and there was a large amount of ergastic substance. By staining with potassium-iodine, the active substance in the rhizome was found to be starch granules. Analyzing the content of starch and soluble sugar, it was found that the starch in root was much higher than that in stem. From the cross-sectional view of roots and stems, the starch was mainly distributed in the parenchyma cell of phloem and low in xylem. The content of soluble sugar in root was much higher than that in stem, and that in the bark was slightly higher than that in the xylem of stem. These results demonstrated that the soluble sugars, produced by photosynthesis, were vertically transported to root for synthesis and storage of starch, which reflected the evolutionary results for response to wicked conditions such as high altitude, prolonged cold, and drought. Our results will expand the understanding of morphological structure and the patterns of ergastic substance synthesis and accumulation in plateau plants, and provide a theoretical basis for future research of adaptation mechanisms to extreme environments.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Ornamental Characteristics of Lespedeza Plants Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process ZHANG Xinyue, ZHOU Xiaohui, ZHANG Yue, SHI Baosheng, PANG Huijuan, LIU Jiajun 2024, 40 (16):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0495 Abstract + ( 109 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1280KB )   ( 26 ) In order to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for the ornamental quality of Lespedeza plants, a structural model for the ornamental quality evaluation of Lespedeza plants was constructed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The model was used to comprehensively evaluate the ornamental quality of 12 Lespedeza species (varieties). By determining the relevant formulas, evaluation criteria, and total weight coefficients, the comprehensive ornamental rating of each species (variety) was calculated. The results showed that flower color, flowering period, inflorescence size, and drought and cold tolerance accounted for a significant average weight among the 13 indicators (Wi≥0.09), making them important indicators for evaluating the ornamental value of Lespedeza plants. The scores for characteristics such as large and thick flowers, long flowering period, lush flowers and leaves, and cold and drought resistance were relatively high, all of which were 5 points in the scoring criteria. According to the scoring criteria, 12 species (varieties) of Lespedeza were divided into 4 levels. The three plants in the genus Lespedeza with the highest comprehensive scores are L. bicolor, L. bicolor ‘Xiarixiangxue’ and L. floribunda. These three species of Lespedeza have high ornamental value, strong adaptability, and economic value, and are good ornamental plants for gardens. They have good prospects for garden application in Hebei region.

  Present Situation and Application Prospect of Primula Germplasm Resources in Qinling Mountains GAO Xing, ZHAO Tingting, ZHONG Leyuan, YANG Jiawei, WANG Haoren, SHEN Jingyue, SHI Qianqian 2024, 40 (16):  89-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0476 Abstract + ( 116 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1259KB )   ( 40 ) This paper summarized the species and distribution characteristics of Primula germplasm resources, clarified the phylogenetic relationship of Primula plants in Qinling mountains, and proposed the principle of ‘in-situ protection first, ex-situ protection second’ for development and utilization of Primula germplasm resources in Qinling mountains based on the research progress of propagation technology, cultivation adaptability, new variety breeding and medicinal value. Based on deepening and broadening the theoretical research, focusing on promoting the improvement of new varieties, we are committed to promoting the application and industrial production of wild Primula plants in urban garden green space, thus enriching the landscape composition of urban green space, improving the quality of human settlements and human wellbeings, and providing scientific reference for the application research of Primula germplasm resources in Qinling mountains.

  Survey and Analysis of Ornamental Flower and Fruit Plants Resources Diversity in Rare Tree Species Exhibition Garden of Nanning Qingxiu Mountain TAN Jiangfeng, JIA Xianglu, WEI Youlin, YU Huiying, MA Yukun, TENG Weichao, LIAO Hongying, SHI Jingzhong, OUYANG Zilong 2024, 40 (16):  96-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0541 Abstract + ( 104 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1789KB )   ( 208 ) In order to explore the diversity and current situation of ornamental plants in the Rare Tree Species Exhibition Garden of Qingxiu Mountain, and provide scientific basis and reference for the later landscape construction and management, the diversity of ornamental plants in the Rare Tree Species Exhibition Garden of Qingxiu Mountain was comprehensively investigated and analyzed. The results showed that there were 364 species of flower-viewing plants in 95 families, 255 genera, and 308 species of fruit-viewing plants in 89 families, 211 genera. Among them, 133 genera were only used for flower viewing, 89 genera were only used for fruit viewing, and 122 genera were used for both ornamental types. At the level of family, genus and species, white flower plants accounted for the highest proportion (28.06%, 35.38%, 38.10%), followed by yellow flower, red flower, green flower and purple flower, and orange flower and blue flower accounted for a relatively low proportion. The overall flowering period was concentrated in April to June, and the fruiting period was concentrated in August to October, with obvious seasonal characteristics. There are many species of flowering plants in spring and summer in Qingxiu Mountain Rare Tree Species Exhibition Garden, and the color of flower landscape is mainly determined by five color systems: white, yellow, purple, red and green. Although the ornamental features are obvious, there are still some specific characteristics, such as small proportion of gymnosperms, unbalanced composition of color systems, scattered plant communities, and insufficient ornamental effect in winter. It is suggested to increase the use of gymnosperms, appropriately increase the species of flower-viewing plants in pink, orange and blue color systems, build a flower landscape with dominant families as the main community, and appropriately supplement the species of flower-viewing plants in winter, so as to give full play to the characteristics of flower and fruit viewing, and achieve the effect of landscape in all seasons.

  Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variation of Agricultural Carbon Emissions and Influencing Factors in Anhui Province WANG Qingqing, ZHAO Mengwei, LUO Jingjing, LIU Weiwei 2024, 40 (16):  104-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0785 Abstract + ( 112 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1305KB )   ( 657 ) The issue of agricultural carbon emission is getting increasingly concern, and the study of agricultural carbon emission at provincial-level is of great significance for carbon reduction. To clarify the spatio-temporal variation rules and influencing factors of agricultural carbon emissions in Anhui Province, the agricultural carbon emissions in Anhui Province was calculated by IPCC method in this study according to the Statistical Yearbook of Anhui Province from 2003 to 2022 and the statistical yearbook of each city. The influencing factors of agricultural carbon emissions and their contribution degrees were analyzed by LMDI method. The results showed that: (1) from 2002 to 2021, the total agricultural carbon emission in Anhui Province showed a trend of increase first and then decrease with fluctuation, reaching a peak of 21.8962 million tons in 2003, which decreased with fluctuation from 2004 to 2021 of 12.4336 million tons. (2) Livestock and poultry breeding was the largest source of carbon emissions in Anhui Province, accounting for 82.09% in 2002, of which the carbon emissions from cattle farming accounted for more than 50%. (3) The total agricultural carbon emissions of Tongling, Wuhu and Maanshan were in the growth mode, while the total agricultural carbon emissions of other cities were in the decline stage. (4) Agricultural production efficiency was the key negative driving factor of agricultural carbon emissions in Anhui province, and its contribution rate reached the lowest value of 0.66 in 2011. The development level of agricultural economy was the key factor of positive driving force, and the contribution rate reached the highest value of 1.34 in 2004. These results could provide theoretical reference for agricultural carbon reduction methods and policy formulation.

  Study on Effects of Soil Passivation Materials and Leaf Surface Control on Remediation of Cadmium Contaminated Farmland CHANG Haiwei, GUI Juan, FU Yuncong 2024, 40 (16):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0883 Abstract + ( 114 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1348KB )   ( 54 ) To explore the effects of different passivation materials with foliar inhibitor technology on the remediation of cadmium polluted farmland, screening the targeted remediation materials, this study selected a typical moderate and mild cadmium polluted farmland for demonstration, and adopted two different passivation materials with foliar inhibitor technology to study the effects on soil pH, available Cd and Cd content in various parts of rice. The results showed that compared with the control (CK), the pH of different treatments all increased to a certain extent (0.5%-12.5%). In SF1 and SF2, the available Cd content decreased by 23.4%-36.7% and 15.1%-30.8%, respectively; the Cd content in rice roots decreased by 70.5%-79.4% and 65.2%-72.6%, respectively; the Cd content in stems and leaves decreased by 36.7%-50.0% and 18.8%-38.4%, respectively; the Cd content in brown rice decreased by 60.1%-74.4% and 47.4%-72.2%, respectively; it could be seen that both passivation materials could effectively reduce the content of available Cd in soil, affected the enrichment of Cd in various parts of rice, and the foliar inhibitor could further inhibit the transport of Cd in rice plants, reducing the accumulation of Cd in rice deeply.

  Research Advances on Prevention and Control of Cadmium Pollution and Nutritional Regulation in Rice CHEN Qiaomao, ZHANG Yusheng, HUANG Aoqi, CHEN Peng, AO Hejun 2024, 40 (16):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0189 Abstract + ( 112 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1089KB )   ( 1558 ) The prevention and control of rice Cd pollution is crucial for ensuring food security since China has a severe problem with soil Cd pollution, and the long-term consumption of rice containing high levels of Cd will endanger human health. Nutrition regulation is an effective way to reduce Cd accumulation in rice. This paper reviews the research progress of rice Cd pollution reduction technology and nutrient regulation in recent years, and suggests that the mechanism of the impact of chemical fertilizer management on rice Cd uptake, transport, and accumulation should be further researched.

  Study on Variety Differences in Cd and Hg Uptake of Pakchoi Under Natural Co-contamination Conditions YU Chao, WANG Yun, MA Luyao, ZHU Yaojia, ZHAN Lichuan, SHEN Hong, HU Shuaidong, HU Zhipeng, WU Yingjie, FENG Ying 2024, 40 (16):  124-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0588 Abstract + ( 121 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1367KB )   ( 25 ) To study the effects of natural mild combined pollution of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) on the growth and heavy metal absorption of different cultivars of pakchoi, pot and field experiments were conducted to determine the biomass, vitamin C concentration, soluble protein concentration, Cd and Hg concentration of the edible part. It was found that all the measured indicators of 21 cultivars were significantly different. The Cd concentration was 0.185-1.25 mg/(kg·DW), and the Hg concentration was 8.56-238 μg/(kg·DW). And under both pot and field conditions, two of the varieties had a Cd bioaccumulation factor (BCF) <1, while all varieties had a Hg BCF<1. Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant co-relationship among edible biomass, soluble protein concentration, Cd concentration, and Hg concentration. The results indicated that there was no healthy risk for planting the 21 tested cultivars in the lightly polluted farmland, and ‘Naiyouxiaobaicai’ is the most safety variety.

  Correlation Analysis of Soil Environment and Fruit Quality of ‘Tainong No.1’ Mango in Tiandong County WANG Zhuo, LUO Cong, NONG Shifeng, WANG Dongmei, LEI Zijian, HE Xinhua, LI Mingqing, CHEN Shuquan 2024, 40 (16):  131-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0435 Abstract + ( 128 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1299KB )   ( 47 ) Soil samples in 20-40 cm soil layer and fruit samples of ‘Tainong No.1’ mango were collected from 18 sampling sites in Gongjing, Minzu and Dongyang mango orchards, three main mango producing areas in Tiandong County, to analyze the correlation between mango soil environmental factors and fruit mineral nutrition and quality, so as to provide evidence for the formulation of soil improvement and rational fertilization strategies in mango producing areas in Tiandong County. The results showed that the soil pH value of the mango orchards in Tiandong county was low, the content of organic matter was generally lacking, the contents of cation exchange capacity, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, available copper, available zinc and available boron were low, and the contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable magnesium, available iron and available manganese were high. The soil microorganism quantity was small, the activity of urease and catalase was lower, but the activity of acid phosphatase was higher. Correlation analysis showed that soil mineral nutrients were closely related to fruit mineral nutrients. Soil organic matter was significantly correlated with total phosphorus, available potassium and total potassium, exchangeable calcium and total calcium, available manganese and total manganese, and available copper and total copper. The total number of soil microorganisms was significantly correlated with fruit magnesium, total manganese, and soil acid phosphatase was significantly correlated with fruit total phosphorus and total copper. In terms of fruit quality, soil mineral elements were highly correlated with soluble solid, soluble sugar, vitamin C, titratable acid, soil cation exchange capacity was significantly correlated with fruit soluble solid, organic matter, pectin and fruit soluble sugar. Soil acid phosphatase and soluble solid, catalase and vitamin C had significant correlation. The total number of soil microorganisms, bacteria and actinomyces had a strong correlation with fruit soluble sugar and vitamin C. It is suggested to increase the application of organic fertilizer in mango production in Tiandong County, replace chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer, and apply lime to adjust soil pH value, so as to improve the ecological environment of orchard soil. Appropriate application of trace elements during fruit development stage can improve mango fruit quality.

  Control Effects of Several Fungicides Against Apple Moldy Core in ‘Yuhua Yataka’ HOU Hui, ZHANG Qingchuan, WANG Li, YUAN Hongbo, HUANG Tianxiang, CHEN Hanjie, TU Hongtao 2024, 40 (16):  139-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0430 Abstract + ( 97 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1332KB )   ( 69 ) In order to find an effective and low-toxicity fungicide against apple moldy core, the susceptible variety ‘Yuhua Yataka’ was used as test material to evaluate the field control efficiency of several fungicides on apple moldy core. The results showed that the Trichothecium roseum was the main pathogen of apple moldy core in ‘Yuhua Yataka’. The difference of control effects between treatments was statistically significant after storage for 76 days at fruit thinning stage. The control effect of 75% tebuconazole·trifloxystrobin WG against apple moldy core was the best and significantly better than that of other treatments, the control efficiency reached 74.56%. The mixture of 25% pyraclostrobin EC and 80% mancozeb WP also had better control effect, reached 64.75%. 10% polyoxin WP was commonly used in prevention of apple moldy core, but the control effect on ‘Yuhua Yataka’ variety was not good, which was 54.31%. The control effect of 3% gibberellin AS was only 23.76%, indicating that there was no effect on preventing the infection of apple moldy core by spraying gibberellin before and after flowering. Store for 30 days after harvest, the control effect of 75% tebuconazole·trifloxystrobin WG and the mixture of 25% pyraclostrobin EC and 80% mancozeb WP were still good, which were 70.81% and 69.41%, respectively. And the difference of control effects with other three treatments reached extremely significant level. In conclusion, 75% tebuconazole·trifloxystrobin WG and the mixture of 25% pyraclostrobin EC and 80% mancozeb WP had good control effect on apple moldy core, which were suggested to be used alternately at inflorescence separation stage and after falling flower to prevent apple moldy core.

  Analysis of Application Potentials of Chlorantraniliprole Against Conpomorpha sinensis CHI Yanyan, CHEN Bingxu, QUAN Linfa, DONG Yizhi, XU Shu, YAO Qiong 2024, 40 (16):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0501 Abstract + ( 110 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1349KB )   ( 23 ) In order to systematically evaluate the application potentials of chlorantraniliprole against Conpomorpha sinensis, the bioactivity of chlorantraniliprole to eggs, adults and the effect of chlorantraniliprole on longevity and fecundity were determined in laboratory, and the control effect was tested in the field. The result showed that the LC50 of chlorantraniliprole to eggs of C. sinensis which were laid for 48 h was 10.650 mg/L, and the ovicidal activity of chlorantraniliprole was significantly higher than that of lambda-cyhalothrin and lower than diflubenzuron. The 24 h LC50 of chlorantraniliprole to adults of C. sinensis was 145.856 mg/L, which was equal to lambda-cyhalothrin. The LC10 and LC30 doses of chlorantraniliprole had small effects on the longevity of C. sinensis male adult and egg hatchability, but they could effectively reduce the longevity and fecundity of female adult. When C. sinensis was in peak oviposition period to egg incubation period, insecticides were sprayed one time. The results of 14 days after treatment showed that effect of 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole SC which was diluted 1500 and 3000 times respectively was 95.29%, and the effect of 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole SC which was diluted 4500 times was 84.71%. The effects of above three treatments were significantly higher than that of 200 g/L diflubenzuron SC 1000 times and 25 g/L lambda-cyhalothrin 500 times. This study suggested that chlorantraniliprole exhibited the potential to be exploited as a control strategy for C. sinensis.

  Fruit Quality Indexes Nondestructive Prediction of Cherry Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy LIU Jia, LI Hongwen, CHEN Lijuan, WANG Dong, ZHANG Guowei 2024, 40 (16):  150-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0282 Abstract + ( 117 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1424KB )   ( 25 ) Soluble solids content, dry matter, peel color and firmness of cherry ‘Rainier’, ‘Brooks’, ‘Regina’, ‘Tieton’ were measured with no damage by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) in the experiment. Predictive NIR regression model was developed to measure four quality indicators using the ‘Rainier’ cherry fruit from beginning of coloration to fully maturity. The result showed that the coefficients of determination (R2) of soluble solids content, dry matter, peel color and firmness were 0.87, 0.97, 0.77 and 0.76, respectively. The closer the model linearity (R2) of the model gets to 1, the better the fitting effect and the higher the fitting degree of the model. The R2 values were all greater than 0.7, indicating that the model could achieve the performance expectations. The accuracy of the soluble solids model and dry matter model was higher than that of models of peel color and firmness. The soluble solid and dry matter gradually increased, skin color gradually deepened and hardness gradually decreased during the ripening of cherry fruit. The model established in this study can be applied in predicting four quality indexes for other cultivars, providing the intuitive reference for exploring changes on endogenous substances in the fruit ripening stage.

  Visualization Analysis of Research Progress on Genetic Characteristics of Yield Traits in Maize GAO Jing, QIN Mengfan, LI Kun, LI Wu 2024, 40 (16):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0032 Abstract + ( 155 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 3484KB )   ( 32 ) Based on the relevant literature in the CNKI and WoS core collection databases, we used VOSviewer software to make visualization analyses on the literature quantity, authors, institutions, journals, keywords and other data of the literature related to the genetic characteristics of maize yield traits in the form of graphs and tables. A total of 782 Chinese literatures and 2140 English literatures included in CNKI database and WOS database from 1976 to 2022 were collected. According to the keywords co-occurrence network analysis, the research contents of CNKI database in this field mainly involved the genetic research related to maize yield traits such as grain and root, QTL mapping, genetic effect of combining ability, and the association analysis of hybrid yield traits; and the QTL mapping of yield traits and physiological and ecological studies on the effects of abiotic factors on maize yield by regulating maize morphology were focused by the WoS database. This study found that before the 21st century, the research of genetic characteristics of maize yield traits were mainly focused on the physiological and ecological research of related morphological indicators, and then gradually expanded to the mining of molecular mechanisms affecting yield expression. In general, the research hotspots of maize yield genetic characteristics will continue to focus on gene mining and multi-omics analysis that regulates the genetic expression of yield traits and physiological and ecological studies that affect the expression of yield factors by abiotic factors in the future. The Co-authorship and Co-institution networks showed that domestic cooperation was relatively close, while international cooperation was relatively insufficient. In addition, the ranking and cited frequency of the literatures included in the two databases showed that genetic characteristics of maize yield traits had been well studied in China, but the outstanding achievements needed to be strengthened in the world. Therefore, it is recommended to further deepen the research and strengthen the cooperation between domestic and foreign teams to enhance the strength of genetic analysis of maize yield traits in China and promote the attention and recognition of domestic research on genetic characteristics of maize yield.