Mechanisms of Plant Response to Saline-alkali Stress: A Review

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0775

Abstract

Abstract:

Saline-alkali stress is one of the abiotic stresses in the process of plant growth and development, which can cause water deficit, changes in cell membrane permeability, metabolic disorders and blockage of protein synthesis in plants, resulting in crop yield reduction or death. Finding effective methods to reduce the harm of saline-alkali stress and strategies to improve the saline tolerance of plants are of great significance to the comprehensive utilization of saline land. In this paper, the latest researches on the damage and adaptive mechanism of plants under saline-alkali stress in recent years were summarized, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plants responding to saline-alkali stress were summed up. Furthermore, the physiological mechanisms of plants under saline-alkali stress were analyzed, which were mainly regulated by accumulating osmotic substances, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and ionic compartmentalization, etc., and the molecular mechanisms were mainly regulated by signal transduction, transcription factor regulation and the expression of plant salt-tolerance-related gene, etc. This study pointed out the trends and urgent problems in the development of plant adaptation to saline-alkali environments, with a view to providing a certain theoretical basis for the selection and cultivation of saline and alkali tolerant plants.

Key words: saline-alkali stress, physiological response, pathways of signal transduction, molecular mechanism, osmotic substances, activity of antioxidant enzymes

XIAO Wenli, WANG Hanrui, WANG Mengliang, WANG Junhong. Mechanisms of Plant Response to Saline-alkali Stress: A Review[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(33): 78-85.

Figures/Tables 3

References 102

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基因	基因功能	基因来源	参考文献
SaP5CS2	提高脯氨酸含量，降低活性氧含量，正向调控植物耐盐能力	互花米草 (Spartina alterniflora)	[91]
FcWRKY40	调控SOS2和P5CS1同系物，维持离子稳态和脯氨酸生物合成，正向调控植物耐盐能力	金橘核 (Fortunella crassifolia)	[92]
AmROSEA1	调控参与应激信号转导、激素信号通路、离子稳态和去除过氧化物酶的基因，调节植物耐盐能力	金鱼草 (Antirrhinum majus)	[93]
GmSALT3	限制Na⁺过度积累，增强大豆耐盐能力	大豆(Glycine max)	[94]
OsVTC1-1	增加抗坏血酸的生物合成，清除过量ROS，提高水稻耐盐性	水稻(Oryza sativa)	[95]
GmLecRlk	增强ROS清除能力，提高大豆耐盐性	大豆(Glycine max)	[96]
DgMBF1	促进抗氧化物质和渗透物质合成，上调Na⁺/K⁺稳态相关基因的表达水平，提高植物耐盐能力	大花石斛 (Dendranthema grandiflorum)	[97]
BpPP2C1	调控脱落酸信号通路、类黄酮生物合成通路和氧化应激，响应盐碱胁迫	白桦树(Betula platyphylla)	[98]
OsRab7	促进渗透物质合成，增加根尖囊泡数量，增强植物耐盐性	水稻(Oryza sativa)	[99]
ZmHKT1;5	维持Na⁺/K⁺平衡和增加抗氧化活性，提高植物耐盐性	玉米(Zea mays)	[100]
SiMYB19	调控ABA合成和信号转导通路相关基因，增强植物耐盐能力	谷子(Setaria italica)	[101]
TrSOS1	维持Na⁺和K⁺稳态，增强植物耐盐性	柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)	[102]

基因	基因功能	基因来源	参考文献
SaP5CS2	提高脯氨酸含量，降低活性氧含量，正向调控植物耐盐能力	互花米草 (Spartina alterniflora)	[91]
FcWRKY40	调控SOS2和P5CS1同系物，维持离子稳态和脯氨酸生物合成，正向调控植物耐盐能力	金橘核 (Fortunella crassifolia)	[92]
AmROSEA1	调控参与应激信号转导、激素信号通路、离子稳态和去除过氧化物酶的基因，调节植物耐盐能力	金鱼草 (Antirrhinum majus)	[93]
GmSALT3	限制Na⁺过度积累，增强大豆耐盐能力	大豆(Glycine max)	[94]
OsVTC1-1	增加抗坏血酸的生物合成，清除过量ROS，提高水稻耐盐性	水稻(Oryza sativa)	[95]
GmLecRlk	增强ROS清除能力，提高大豆耐盐性	大豆(Glycine max)	[96]
DgMBF1	促进抗氧化物质和渗透物质合成，上调Na⁺/K⁺稳态相关基因的表达水平，提高植物耐盐能力	大花石斛 (Dendranthema grandiflorum)	[97]
BpPP2C1	调控脱落酸信号通路、类黄酮生物合成通路和氧化应激，响应盐碱胁迫	白桦树(Betula platyphylla)	[98]
OsRab7	促进渗透物质合成，增加根尖囊泡数量，增强植物耐盐性	水稻(Oryza sativa)	[99]
ZmHKT1;5	维持Na⁺/K⁺平衡和增加抗氧化活性，提高植物耐盐性	玉米(Zea mays)	[100]
SiMYB19	调控ABA合成和信号转导通路相关基因，增强植物耐盐能力	谷子(Setaria italica)	[101]
TrSOS1	维持Na⁺和K⁺稳态，增强植物耐盐性	柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)	[102]