Research Progress of Cell Wall Regeneration from Plant Protoplast

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300246

Abstract

Abstract:

Protoplasts without cell walls are capable of forming new cell walls and therefore provide a unique model and perspective for the study of cell wall biosynthesis. The process of cell wall regeneration from plant protoplast is extremely complex, involving a lot of signal transduction pathway, thus, it is difficult to thoroughly study the molecular network of the whole regeneration wall process by using common research methods. To understand the intrinsic characteristics of the new regenerated cell wall from plant protoplasts, and promote further understanding of the molecular mechanism of protoplast regeneration, three parts were comprehensively discussed in this review, including a detailed elaboration about different types of protoplast culture, the cytobiological evidence of cell wall regeneration and the molecular mechanism of cell wall regeneration combined with key omics techniques. In addition, the main influencing factors of different plant protoplast culture such as the limitation of plant materials, culture medium and culture methods were analyzed. Two kinds of dyes commonly used in the visualization of regenerated cell wall and the transcriptome, proteome and more intricate nuclear proteome and phosphoproteome used in the construction of cell wall molecular networks were summarized. At the same time, the further study of mechanism of cell wall regeneration was prospected.

Key words: protoplast, cell wall regeneration, tissue culture, Calcofluor white, molecular mechanism

CLC Number:

Q291

Yang Ying, Kang Lan, Geng Xin, Chen Yuzhen, Lu Cunfu. Research Progress of Cell Wall Regeneration from Plant Protoplast[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(4): 25-30.

Figures/Tables 2

References 50

[1]	Cosgrove D J. Growth of the plant cell wall[J]. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2005,6(11):850-861. URL pmid: 16261190
[2]	Kennedy D, Norman C. What Don't We Know?[J]. Science, 2005,309:75. URL pmid: 15994521
[3]	Mishra A K, Colvin J R. The formation of wall-like envelopes by isolated tomato-fruit protoplasts[J]. Protoplasma, 1969,67(4):295-305.
[4]	Shea E M. Structural analysis of the cell walls regenerated by carrot protoplasts[J]. Planta, 1989,179:293-308. doi: 10.1007/BF00391074 URL pmid: 24201658
[5]	Cooper J B, Heuser J E, Varner J E. 3,4-Dehydroproline inhibits cell wall assembly and cell division in tobacco protoplasts[J]. Plant Physiology, 1994,104(2):747-752. doi: 10.1104/pp.104.2.747 URL pmid: 8159790
[6]	Parmentier Y, Durr A, Marbach J, et al. A novel wound-inducible extensin gene is expressed early in newly isolated protoplasts of Nicotiana sylvestris[J]. Plant Molecular Biology, 1995,29(2):279-292. URL pmid: 7579179
[7]	Keegstra K, Talmadge K W, Bauer W D, et al. The structure of plant cell walls: III. A model of the walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells based on the interconnections of the macromolecular components[J]. Plant Physiology, 1973,51(1):188-197. doi: 10.1104/pp.51.1.188 URL pmid: 16658282
[8]	Carpita N C. Structural models of primary cell walls in flowering plants: consistency of molecular structure with the physical properties of the walls during growth[J]. Plant Journal, 1993,3(1):1-30.
[9]	Keegstra K. Plant cell walls[J]. Plant Physiology, 2010,154(2):483-486. URL pmid: 20921169
[10]	Davey M R, Anthony P, Power J B, et al. Plant protoplasts: status and biotechnological perspectives[J]. Biotechnology Advances, 2005,23(2):131-171. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2004.09.008 URL
[11]	Jones A M, Chattopadhyay A, Shukla M, et al. Inhibition of phenylpropanoid biosynjournal increases cell wall digestibility, protoplast isolation, and facilitates sustained cell division in American elm (Ulmus americana)[J]. BMC Plant Biology, 2012,12(1):75.
[12]	Pojnar E, Willison J, Cocking E J. Cell-wall regeneration by isolated tomato-fruit protoplasts[J]. Protoplasma, 1967,64(4):460-480.
[13]	Bernard H, Pedro M, Coutinho, et al. A census of carbohydrate-active enzymes in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. Plant Molecular Biology, 2001,47(1):55-72.
[14]	Coutinho P M, Stam M, Blanc E, et al. Why are there so many carbohydrate-active enzyme-related genes in plants?[J]. Trends in Plant Sciences, 2003,8:563-565.
[15]	Imoto K, Yokoyama R, Nishitani K. Comprehensive approach to genes involved in cell wall modifications in Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. Plant Molecular Biology, 2005,58(2):177-192. URL pmid: 16027973
[16]	Brown D. Identification of novel genes in Arabidopsis involved in secondary cell wall formation using expression profiling and reverse genetics[J]. Plant Cell, 2005,17(8):2281-2295. doi: 10.1105/tpc.105.031542 URL pmid: 15980264
[17]	Mujahid H, Tan F, Zhang J, et al. Nuclear proteome response to cell wall removal in rice (Oryza sativa)[J]. Proteome Science, 2013,11(1):26. URL pmid: 23777608
[18]	岳晋军. 毛竹再生体系构建的初步研究[D]. 北京:中国林业科学研究院, 2008.
[19]	Rezazadeh R, Niedz R P. Protoplast isolation and plant regeneration of guava (Psidium guajava L.) using experiments in mixture-amount design[J]. Plant Cell, 2015,122(3):585-604.
[20]	Schirawski J, Planchais S, Haenni A L . An improved protocol for the preparation of protoplasts from an established Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension culture and infection with RNA of turnip yellow mosaic tymovirus: a simple and reliable method[J]. Journal of Virological Methods, 2000,86(1):85-94. doi: 10.1016/s0166-0934(99)00173-1 URL pmid: 10713379
[21]	Frearson E M, Power J B, Cocking E C. The isolation, culture and regeneration of Petunia leaf protoplasts[J]. Developmental Biology, 1973,33(1):130-137. URL pmid: 4789596
[22]	Wiszniewska A, Piwowarczyk B. Studies on cell wall regeneration in protoplast culture of legumes the effect of organic medium additives on cell wall components[J]. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2014,50(2):84-91. doi: 10.17221/CJGPB URL
[23]	Deveaux Y, Toffano-Nioche C, Claisse G, et al. Genes of the most conserved WOX clade in plants affect root and flower development in Arabidopsis[J]. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2008,8(291):1-19.
[24]	Harrison C J, Roeder A H, Meyerowitz E M, et al. Local cues and asymmetric cell divisions underpin body plan transitions in the moss Physcomitrella patens[J]. Current Biology, 2009,19(6):461-471. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.050 URL pmid: 19303301
[25]	Pilet P E, Blaschek W, Senn A, et al. Comparison between maize root cells and their respective regenerating protoplasts: wall polysaccharides[J]. Planta, 1984,161(5):465-469. doi: 10.1007/BF00394579 URL pmid: 24253848
[26]	郝艳芳, 王良群, 刘勇, 等. 禾谷类作物原生质体培养研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2016,32(35):19-23.
[27]	Kao K N, Michayluk M R. Nutritional requirements for growth of Vicia hajastana cells and protoplasts at a very low population density in liquid media[J]. Planta, 1975,126(2):105-110. doi: 10.1007/BF00380613 URL pmid: 24430152
[28]	Nagata T, Takebe I. Cell wall regeneration and cell division in isolated tobacco mesophyll protoplasts[J]. Planta, 1970,92(4):301-308. doi: 10.1007/BF00385097 URL pmid: 24500300
[29]	Liesche J, Ziomkiewicz I, Schulz A. Super-resolution imaging with Pontamine Fast Scarlet 4BS enables direct visualization of cellulose orientation and cell connection architecture in onion epidermis cells[J]. BMC Plant Biology, 2013,13(1):226.
[30]	Ryusuke Y, Hiroaki K, Takeshi K, et al. Arabidopsis regenerating protoplast: a powerful model system for combining the proteomics of cell wall proteins and the visualization of cell wall dynamics[J]. Proteomes, 2016,4(4):34.
[31]	Fisher D D, Cyr R J. Extending the microtubule/microfibril paradigm cellulose synjournal is required for normal cortical microtubule alignment in elongating cells[J]. Plant Physiology, 1998,116(3):1043-1051. doi: 10.1104/pp.116.3.1043 URL pmid: 9501137
[32]	黄祥辉, 颜季琼. 应用荧光增白剂VBL研究原生质体细胞壁的再生[J]. 植物生理学报, 1980(2):104-108.
[33]	Kuki H, Higaki T, Yokoyama R, et al. Quantitative confocal imaging method for analyzing cellulose dynamics during cell wall regeneration in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts[J]. Plant Direct, 2017,1(6):e00021. doi: 10.1002/pld3.21 URL pmid: 31245675
[34]	Adam T, Wojciech B, Stefan M, et al. Structural and ultrastructural analysis of Solanum lycopersicoides protoplasts during diploid plant regeneration[J]. Annals of Botany, 2002,90(2):269-278. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcf186 URL pmid: 12197525
[35]	Tylicki A, Burza W, Malepszy S, et al. Changes in the organization of the tubulin cytoskeleton during the early stages of Solanum lycopersicoides Dun protoplast culture[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 2003,22(5):312-319. doi: 10.1007/s00299-003-0692-8 URL pmid: 14648107
[36]	Morse M, Pironcheva, Gehring C. AtPNP-A is a systemically mobile natriuretic peptide immunoanalogue with a role in Arabidopsis thaliana cell volume regulation[J]. FEBS Letters, 2004,556(1):99-103.
[37]	Hamako , Sasamoto , Shinjiro , et al. Development of novel elongated fiber-structure in protoplast cultures of Betula platyphylla and Larix leptolepis[J]. Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology Plant, 2003,39:223-238.
[38]	Jamet E, Hervé C, Boudart G, et al. Cell wall proteins: a new insight through proteomics[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2006,11(1):39.
[39]	Chivasa S, Ndimba B K, Simon W J, et al. Proteomic analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall[J]. Electrophoresis, 2002,23(11):1754-1765. doi: 10.1002/1522-2683(200206)23:11<1754::AID-ELPS1754>3.0.CO;2-E URL pmid: 12179997
[40]	Pandey A. Proteomics to study genes and genomes[J]. Nature, 2000,405:837-846. doi: 10.1038/35015709 URL pmid: 10866210
[41]	Kwon H K, Yokoyama R, Nishitani K J. A proteomic approach to apoplastic proteins involved in cell wall regeneration in protoplasts of Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells[J]. Plant Cell Physiology, 2005,46(6):843-857. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pci089 URL pmid: 15769804
[42]	Yang X, Tu L, Zhu L, et al. Expression profile analysis of genes involved in cell wall regeneration during protoplast culture in cotton by suppression subtractive hybridization and macroarray[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2008,59(13):3661-3674. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ern214 URL pmid: 18775953
[43]	Tan F, Zhang K, Mujahid H, et al. Differential Histone Modification and Protein Expression Associated with Cell Wall Removal and Regeneration in Rice (Oryza sativa)[J]. Journal of Proteome Research, 2011,10(2):551-563. doi: 10.1021/pr100748e URL pmid: 20958091
[44]	张保才, 周奕华. 植物细胞壁形成机制的新进展[J]. 中国科学:生命科学, 2015,45(6):544-556.
[45]	Parsons H T, Christiansen K, Knierim B, et al. Isolation and proteomic characterization of the Arabidopsis golgi defines functional and novel components involved in plant cell wall biosynjournal[J]. Plant Physiology, 2012,159(1):12-26. doi: 10.1104/pp.111.193151 URL pmid: 22430844
[46]	Wang X, Qi M, Li J, et al. The phosphoproteome in regenerating protoplasts from Physcomitrella patens protonemata shows changes paralleling postembryonic development in higher plants[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2014,65(8):2093-2106. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eru082 URL pmid: 24700621
[47]	刘玉薇, 王晓琴. 小立碗藓原生质体再生过程中蛋白质相互作用网络分析[J]. 北京农学院学报, 2016,31(4):1-6.
[48]	Bidhendi A J, Geitmann A. Relating the mechanics of the primary plant cell wall to morphogenesis[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2015,67(2):449-461. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erv535 URL pmid: 26689854
[49]	Le Gall H, Philippe F, Domon J M, et al. Cell Wall Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stress[J]. Plants, 2015,4(1):112-166. URL pmid: 27135320
[50]	Jost A I, Hoson T, Iversen T H. The utilization of plant facilities on the international space station- the composition, growth, and development of plant cell walls under microgravity conditions[J]. Plants, 2015,4(1):44-62. doi: 10.3390/plants4010044 URL pmid: 27135317