Current issue

• 2021 Vol.37 No.4 Published:05 February 2021

  Effects of Combined Application of Slow-Release Fertilizer and Inorganic Fertilizer on Rice Growth and Eating Quality in Coastal Saline Alkali Land Dong Xiaoliang, Hou Hongyan, Zhang Jinfeng, Zhou Hong, Zhang Maolin, Wei Lixing, Zhu Defeng 2021, 37 (4):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300244 Abstract + ( 421 )   HTML ( 30 )   PDF ( 1536KB )   ( 163 ) The effects of N application on rice growth period, growth characteristics, yield and eating quality under the combination of slow-release fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer were studied. ‘Nanjing 9108’ was taken as the experimental material, five fertilization treatments were designed under the condition of 3‰-6‰ soil salt content. The root index, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were measured at the key nodes of growth period, and the growth index and eating quality of rice were compared. The results showed that, the reproductive growth period ratio in T3 group (the treatment group with slow-release fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer and 20% reduction of N content) was 0.25% shorter than that in T1 group (the treatment group with total N fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer), and the ratio of vegetative growth period increased by 0.23% and the whole growth period decreased by 2 days. The total root length, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation per unit leaf area, stem sheath dry matter per unit area and yield trend of rice were T3> T1> T2> T4> T5. There was a negative correlation between protein content and eating value in rice. The higher the protein content, the lower the taste value. There was also a negative correlation between amylose content and taste value in rice. The higher the amylose content, the lower the taste value. With the increase of nitrogen application, the eating quality of rice reduced significantly. The T5 treatment group without N element had the highest taste value. The combination of slow-release fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer enhanced the soil fertility, but the rice had the lowest taste value. When slow-release fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer were applied together, and the N content was reduced by 20% and panicle fertilizer was not applied with any N treatment, the growth index and eating value of rice could be significantly improved.

  Effects of Application Methods of Base Fertilizer on Wheat Seedling Emergence and Growth Wei Jianlin, Tan Deshui, Li Guosheng, Li Yan, Sun Yan, Liu Pengpeng, Cui Rongzong 2021, 37 (4):  8-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300220 Abstract + ( 701 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF ( 1236KB )   ( 107 ) To explore the suitable base fertilizer method for wheat pre-winter seedlings, the effects of different base fertilizers on wheat seedling growth were studied by houseplant experiment. Four kinds of sowing and fertilizing methods were designed, such as seeds and fertilizers mixed and sown into a line, fertilized on the side of the sowing line, fertilized under the sowing line, seeds and fertilizers mixed and wide sowing. And in each mode, three fertilizer dosages of 225, 375, and 600 kg/hm2 were set up. The results showed that the method of seed and fertilizer mixed into a line had a significant effect on the emergence of wheat seedling, and with the increase of fertilizing amount, the emergence rate of wheat decreased significantly. The other three methods of sowing and fertilizing had no obvious effect on the emergence of wheat. In the case of fertilizer and seed mixed, both sowing methods showed a trend of increasing plant height and root length with the increase of fertilizing amount. The plant height and root length of wheat were higher in the wide-seeding method. Using the same sowing method, the aboveground biomass of wheat increased with the increase of the fertilizing amount. In the case of equal amount of fertilizer input, the order of the aboveground biomass of wheat was as follows: seed and fertilizer mixed and wide sowing> fertilized on the side of the sowing line> fertilized under the sowing line> seed and fertilizer mixed and sown into a line. Under the condition of this experiment, it is suggested that the seeds and fertilizers should be mixed and widely sown to optimize the sowing of wheat.

  Plastic Film and Rice Straw Mulching: Effects on Yield and Quality of Winter Potato and Control Efficiency of Weed Xu Guochun, Luo Wenbin, Li Huawei, Xu Yongqing, Ji Rongchang, Tang Hao 2021, 37 (4):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0333 Abstract + ( 421 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1493KB )   ( 84 ) To clarify the effects of plastic film and straw mulching on the yield and quality of winter potato and weed control, and provide reference for high efficiency cultivation of winter potato, ‘Favorita’ and ‘Minshu 1’ were selected as materials, four different mulching treatments were conducted in field condition, and the difference of yield and nutritional quality of winter potato, and the control efficiency of weed were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with the open field cultivation (CK), the yield of commercial potato under plastic film mulching and rice straw mulching were increased by 3.2%-15.8% and 13.7%-30.9% respectively, and the total yield were increased by 3.2%-18.1% and 14.8%-21.9%, respectively. Compared with CK, the contents of starch under black film mulching were significantly increased by 15.9%-19.3%. Black film and rice straw mulching were benefit to improve the content of vitamin C, which was increased by 10.1%-39.6% and 26.7%-36.1%, respectively. The weeds were obviously inhibited by mulching, and the fresh weight of weed under black film, white film and rice straw mulching were decreased by 66.4%-77.6%, 32.4%-34.5% and 25.9%-37.4%, respectively, compared with the CK, and the black film mulching had the best control effect. In conclusion, plastic film mulching and rice straw mulching are helpful to improve the potato yield, and the black film mulching is also beneficial to improve tuber quality and has obvious control effect on weed.

  Effects of One-off Reduced Fertilization of Slow-release Fertilizer on Nitrogen Accumulation and Yield of Machine-picked Cotton Chen Min, Zheng Shufeng, Xu Daoqing, Liu Xiaoling, Wang Wei, Li Shuying, Kan Huachun 2021, 37 (4):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-007 Abstract + ( 369 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1313KB )   ( 52 ) To study the effect of one-off fertilization of slow-release fertilizer on the absorption of N, P, K and yield of machine-picked cotton, and determine the suitable fertilizer application amount for cotton area of Wangjiang, a field experiment was conducted using ‘Zhong915’ with treatments of three factors of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and four fertilizer rates according to ‘3414’ fertilizer experiment model. The results showed that the boll number per plant and the boll weight of cotton under different fertilization treatments were higher than no fertilization treatment (CK), the lint yield of different fertilization treatments was 834.83-1443.35 kg/hm2, compared with that of CK, the lint yield increased by 37.9%-138.4%, and the lint yield of treatment of N2P2K2(N 150 kg/hm2、P2O5 75 kg/hm2、K2O 120 kg/hm2) was the highest. Compared with CK, the nitrogen accumulation per plant of cotton increased by 37.2%-79.4% under different fertilizer rates, with the increase of nitrogen accumulation per plant first increased and then decreased, and treatment of N2P2K2 had the largest nitrogen accumulation per plant. The accumulation of phosphorus per plant was significantly higher than that of CK, increased by 8.1%-53.5%, that of the treatment N1P1K2 (N 75 kg/hm2, P2O5 37.5 kg/hm2, K2O 120 kg/hm2) was the largest, and then was that of treatment N2P2K2. The accumulation of potassium accumulation per plant was significantly higher than that of CK, increased by 29.9%-97.0%, that of the treatment N2P2K3 (N 150 kg/hm2, P2O5 75 kg/hm2, K2O 180 kg/hm2) was the largest, followed by that of N2P3K2 (N 150 kg/hm2, P2O5 112.5 kg/hm2, K2O 120 kg/hm2) and N2P2K2. Overall, the treatment of N2P2K2 is the most suitable for achieving high yield and good correlated characters. Based on the comprehensive analysis of nutrient absorption and yield components, it is suggested that the most suitable fertilizer application amount of N, P and K should be N 150 kg/hm2, P2O5 75 kg/hm2 and K2O 120 kg/hm2.

  Research Progress of Cell Wall Regeneration from Plant Protoplast Yang Ying, Kang Lan, Geng Xin, Chen Yuzhen, Lu Cunfu 2021, 37 (4):  25-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300246 Abstract + ( 950 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1894KB )   ( 191 ) Protoplasts without cell walls are capable of forming new cell walls and therefore provide a unique model and perspective for the study of cell wall biosynthesis. The process of cell wall regeneration from plant protoplast is extremely complex, involving a lot of signal transduction pathway, thus, it is difficult to thoroughly study the molecular network of the whole regeneration wall process by using common research methods. To understand the intrinsic characteristics of the new regenerated cell wall from plant protoplasts, and promote further understanding of the molecular mechanism of protoplast regeneration, three parts were comprehensively discussed in this review, including a detailed elaboration about different types of protoplast culture, the cytobiological evidence of cell wall regeneration and the molecular mechanism of cell wall regeneration combined with key omics techniques. In addition, the main influencing factors of different plant protoplast culture such as the limitation of plant materials, culture medium and culture methods were analyzed. Two kinds of dyes commonly used in the visualization of regenerated cell wall and the transcriptome, proteome and more intricate nuclear proteome and phosphoproteome used in the construction of cell wall molecular networks were summarized. At the same time, the further study of mechanism of cell wall regeneration was prospected.

  A Crown Ratio Model for Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations Based on Mixed Effect in Hubei Yuan Hui, Du Chaoqun, Zhao Xiaotao, Xiao Zhiming, Zhao Hu 2021, 37 (4):  31-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0023 Abstract + ( 444 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1460KB )   ( 51 ) The paper aims to study the relationship between crown ratio and stand factors, and analyze the effects of different factors on crown ratio. 715 dominant trees and average trees in 181 sample plots were established in Chinese fir planting areas in Hubei Province. Tree height, diameter at breast height, height to diameter ratio, stand density and basal area per hectare for trees larger than the subject tree closely associated with crown ratio were selected among tree and site factors. The basic model of crown ratio was constructed by adding correlation factors as variables in the form of logistic equation, and the single-level mixed effect model of sample plot was further established. By comparing the AIC, BIC and likelihood ratio test, the mixed model with random parameters a and f has the best fitting effect compared with the model without random parameters. The results of independent sample test show that the root mean square errors and average error of the mixed model are reduced, respectively -0.0095 and 0.1175, and the residual range is smaller. Compared with the basic model, R2 of the mixed model increased from 0.3231 to 0.5417, but RMSE and Bias decreased. Based on the goodness of fit and test index of the model, the mixed model can significantly improve the fitting accuracy of the model, and can be used to predict the crown length.

  Physiological Response of Populus talassica× P. euphratica to Na2SO4 Environment Tang Hongyou, Shi Jianyin, Han Zhanjiang, Bai Menghan, Sun Yang, Zhang Min 2021, 37 (4):  38-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0016 Abstract + ( 562 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1427KB )   ( 48 ) The seedlings of Populus talassica × P. euphratica were treated with different concentrations of Na2SO4 in pot culture, and the physiological indexes were determined to evaluate their physiological adaptability to Na2SO4 environment. One-year-old P. talassica × P. euphratica seedlings were treated with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mmol/L Na2SO4 in pot experiment to determine and analyze the physiological indexes. Compared with the control, lipid peroxidation (MDA content increased) of cell membrane occurred in 50-200 mmol/L Na2SO4 treatment, but the selective permeability of cell membrane was not destroyed. The three protective enzymes showed different trends (SOD activity remained unchanged, CAT activity decreased first and then increased, POD activity increased), soluble proteins and soluble sugars exhibited complex metabolic adaptation in Na2SO4 environment. The results showed that Na2SO4 treatment had no stress on P. talassica× P. euphratica seedlings, which could adapt to 0-200 mmol/L Na2SO4 environment. The study can provide references for planting P. talassica × P. euphratica with strong stress resistance in Tarim basin.

  Effects of Combined Application of Brassinolide and Exogenous Calcium on Growth, Fruit Setting and Yield of Over-winter Tomato in Solar Greenhouse Wang Yanwen, Luo Na, Wang Guangyin 2021, 37 (4):  43-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0495 Abstract + ( 449 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1225KB )   ( 87 ) To test the application effect of brassinolide (BR), a field experiment was conducted, and the effects of different concentrations of BR and exogenous calcium on the growth, physiological characteristics, fruit setting and yield of tomato in solar greenhouse were studied. The results showed that: in the experimental concentration range, high concentration of BR treatment inhibited the growth of tomato plant height in the early stage, while the appropriate concentration of BR treatment increased plant height. High concentration of BR increased MDA content and decreased soluble sugar content in tomato leaves. Appropriate concentration of BR treatment could reduce MDA content and relative electrical conductivity of tomato leaves, increase the proline content and soluble sugar content of tomato leaves, and increase the chlorophyll content of tomato. High concentration of BR could inhibit tomato fruit setting and reduce the yield of the first inflorescence, while the appropriate concentration of BR treatment could increase the fruit setting rate of each layer of inflorescence and the yield of tomato. The additive effect of BR combined with exogenous calcium on tomato growth, physiological indexes, fruit setting rate and yield was not obvious. To sum up, the effect of BR combined with exogenous calcium is not significant, and the appropriate concentration of BR could be used alone in the production of overwintering tomato in solar greenhouse to improve the stress resistance and yield of tomato.

  Effects of Magnesium and Microelement Elements on Appearance and Nutritional Quality of Black Wax Gourd Li Can, Chen Xiaodong, Zheng Zhuoyue, Jiao Jiabin, Li Qiang, Zhang Fusuo, Xie Dasen, He Yuzhi, Zhang Baige 2021, 37 (4):  49-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2020-00005 Abstract + ( 515 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1451KB )   ( 54 ) To explore the fertilization measures to improve black wax gourd quality, the effects of magnesium, iron, zinc, boron nutrients on the appearance and internal quality of wax gourd are studied. The results showed that magnesium application significantly improved the fruit shape and flesh firmness, and the sugar-acid ratio of wax gourd was increased by 23.4%. The contents of potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in the flesh increased remarkably, but the contents of Vc and free amino acids were not affected significantly. The trace elements slightly affected the shape and hardness of wax gourd, while averagely increased the sugar-acid ratio by 22.4%. Zinc, iron and boron significantly increased the Vc content of flesh, while copper and molybdenum reduced the free amino acid content in flesh.

  Research Status of Cerasus humilis Hu Xiaoke, Li Ya, Yan Zizhu, Yao Ze, Li Yinke, Jiang Shengxiu 2021, 37 (4):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0005 Abstract + ( 526 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1225KB )   ( 75 ) To understand the research status and characteristics of Cerasus humilis comprehensively and systematically, this paper summarized the present research situation of C. humilis from main uses, variety breeding, fruit characteristics, cultivation technique and product intensive processing. The study found that the survival rate and fruit quality were affected by the low quality of seedlings. The seedling cultivation techniques and subsequent processing technologies could cause high planting risk and low added value of products. In addition, the cognition degree of consumers was still insufficient. In future, the research on scale breeding and application in biopharmaceutical field should be strengthened to promote the integrated development of planting-harvest-processing and further enlarge the cultivation area.

  Fresh-keeping Effects of Nano-copper and Sucrose on Cut Gerbera jamesonii Wang Shuyu, Li Lan, Lai Lingfeng, Li Hongmei, Liu Jiping, He Shenggen 2021, 37 (4):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0485 Abstract + ( 374 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2474KB )   ( 173 ) To study the fresh-keeping effects of nano-copper (NC), a novel nano-grade inorganic bactericide, on cut flowers, the vase life, ornamental quality and water relations of cut Gerbera jamesonii ‘Hongyan’ via vase treatments with NC alone and NC plus sucrose were investigated. The results showed that: compared with deionized water (control), the 1, 3 and 5 mg/L NC treatment had no positive fresh-keeping effects on cut gerberas. However, the various concentrations of NC plus 3% sucrose could effectively delay and alleviate the disorders in flower wilting and stem bending in different degrees. Among them, the treatments of 1 and 3 mg/L NC plus 3% sucrose had the most beneficial effects, which could significantly prolong the vase life of cut gerberas, and their fresh weight, and the water uptake and water balance value of cut gerberas were significantly higher than those of the control and NC alone during the whole vase period. In conclusion, appropriate concentration of NC and sucrose combination solution had beneficial fresh-keeping effect on cut gerberas ‘Hongyan’.

  Analysis of Interspecific Hybridization of Some Chinese Old Garden Roses Zhuang Defeng, Lei Jiajun, Xu Ning, Ye Fumin, Ma Ce, Yuan Xingfu 2021, 37 (4):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300232 Abstract + ( 690 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1220KB )   ( 56 ) Chinese old garden roses were crucial genetic resource for new varieties breeding and selection. The cross compatibility was analyzed, which can be useful for the application of new rose varieties breeding and selection in Chinese old garden roses. In our study, interspecific hybridization characteristics (seedlings and germination rate) were analyzed by using artificial hybridization, which were selected 18 Chinese old garden roses as one of the crossing parent with modern roses or few wild roses for 4 years. 6 varieties had more powder scattering, including ‘Dafugui’, ‘Sichun’, ‘Yipinzhuyi’, ‘Parson’s Pink China’, ‘Zihongxiang’ and ‘Zixiangrong’. The pollen germination rate in vitro was low, varieties with the rate above 20% included ‘Yulinglong’, ‘Yipinzhuyi’, ‘Parson’s Pink China’, ‘Zixiangrong’, ‘Dafugui’, ‘Sichun’ and ‘Putaohong’. Totally, 285 hybrid combinations were carried out, which had 1190 flowers, 271 seedlings and the seed setting rate was 22.77%. Meanwhile, 1833 of all the 4744 seeds germinated (38.64%). The results indicated that 8 varieties of ‘Dafugui’, ‘Putaohong’, ‘Ruanxianghong’, ‘Sichun’, ‘Yipinzhuyi’, ‘Yunzhengxiawei’, ‘Zihongxiang’ and ‘Zixiangrong’ had high seed setting ability and their F1 hybrids could be easily obtained.

  The Cultivation Techniques of Ganoderma lucidum with Mulberry Branches: Research Status, Issues and Suggestions Zhang Bo, Tan Wei, Li Xiaolin, Ye Lei, Zhou Jie 2021, 37 (4):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2020-00016 Abstract + ( 413 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1253KB )   ( 40 ) It is an effective solution to dispose the abandoned mulberry branches and alleviate the contradiction between Ganoderma lucidum production and forestry resource protection to cultivate G. lucidum with mulberry branches. The related results of G. lucidum cultivation with mulberry branches from 1998 to 2019 were summarized and the current research status were reviewed, including substrates, G. lucidum strains, active components and cultivation techniques. Furthermore, some technical difficulties were discussed and suggestions were put forward, such as developing an efficient and low-energy-consumption pulverizer substituting the existing one which is likely to be winded by mulberry branches, unifying relevant technical parameters to improve the cultivation technical standards, studying the cyclic utilization of substrate residues and further exploring the active components of G. lucidum cultivated with mulberry branches.

  The Properties of Yellow Sand Substrate Block and Its Effect on Pepper Growth After Transplanting Zeng Yue, Qu Ping, Liu Na 2021, 37 (4):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300203 Abstract + ( 409 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1463KB )   ( 63 ) To make full use of the abundant yellow sand resources in Xinjiang, a new yellow sand substrate block was prepared for pepper growth. The study determined the total N content, pH, EC value, and mechanical properties of the yellow sand substrate block, investigated the effect of the substrate block on the growth of pepper seedlings after planting .The results showed that the nitrogen release rate of the substrate reached 74.4% at the 7th week, and the three enzyme activities of the substrate were 60.5%, 69.1% and 62.4% higher than those of the normal substrate, respectively. The damage of substrate block can be effectively reduced by the method of piecewise drop and the height of the first drop is higher than that of the second drop. After transplanting, the growth condition of seedling cultivated by substrate block was better than that cultivated by yellow sand substrate. The content of capsaicin, vitamin C, soluble sugar, crude fiber, and amino acids was 28.57%, 29.2%, 3.31%, 10% and 20.41% higher than that of ordinary substrate cultivation, respectively. The yellow sand substrate block can slowly release nutrients, and provide nutrients for the growth of seedlings and peppers after transplanting, and the growth status and quality of cultivated crops are significantly better than that of ordinary substrates.

  Design and Test of Greenhouse Seedling Heating System Based on Carbon Crystal Electrothermal Film He Fen, Hou Yong, Li Kai, Wei Xiaoming, Liu Yaqing 2021, 37 (4):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0026 Abstract + ( 396 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1423KB )   ( 157 ) To solve the problem of low temperature in winter and spring in greenhouse seedling cultivation, a novel greenhouse seedling heat preservation and heating system was designed based on carbon crystal electrothermal film, and the heat preservation and heating performance of the system was tested in multi-span greenhouse of Yongqing County, Hebei Province in winter. Taking the seedling area without heating as the control, the effect of the heating of carbon crystal electrothermal film on the substrate temperature and air temperature of the seedling area was studied, and the heat preservation effect and heating uniformity were discussed. The results showed that single-layer film cover could make the average temperature in the heating area 1℃ higher than that inside greenhouse. Meanwhile, the average and minimum of substrate temperature in the heating area were 7.3℃ and 10.7℃ higher than those in the compared area without heating respectively. The minimum deviation degree of substrate temperature was 2.9%, and the average was 6.1%. In conclusion, the greenhouse seedling heat preservation and heating system based on carbon crystal electrothermal film can effectively improve the environmental temperature of seedling and the uniformity of heating is high, which provides a strong guarantee for the cultivation of high-quality seedling.

  Integrating the Layout of Optimized Automatic Weather Stations into Rural Vitalization and Improving Meteorological Services Cao Jiucai, Wu Hui, Yang Jingbo, Liu Jianzhong 2021, 37 (4):  91-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0060 Abstract + ( 441 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1843KB )   ( 57 ) The study aims to reduce the great threats to the safety of life and property of local residents imposed by the complex terrain of Mentougou District and frequent strong convective weather in local areas. The differences in the precipitation distribution of different terrain were identified before and after the optimization of regional automatic weather stations in Mentougou District. We evaluated the effects of optimized automatic weather stations on rural vitalization and fine meteorological services, and proposed related advices. 26 weather stations were newly introduced between 2018 and 2019, with an average distance of about 7km. The average precipitation in low altitudes was greater than that in middle and high altitude regions during flood seasons in 2006-2017. After the optimization to automatic weather stations, the average precipitation in middle and high altitudes exceeded that in low altitude areas during the flood season in 2018. The weather stations were effective in heavy rainfalls. The effectiveness of these weather stations could be increased by: 1) reinforcing the management of the stations; 2) improving the construction of the stations; 3) strengthening the integrated application of various meteorological methods; and 4) improving the meteorological monitoring system and mechanism. This would promote primary meteorological departments to integrate fine meteorological services into the local rural revitalization strategy, thereby playing a good exemplary role for the meteorological departments throughout the country.

  Research of Resistance in ‘Zhoumai’ Wheat Cultivars to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) with Fhb1 Gene Li Nannan, Li Shuncheng, Han Yulin, Zou Shaokui, Du Xiaoyu, Yang Guangyu, Wang Lina, Zhang Qian, Lv Yongjun 2021, 37 (4):  98-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300201 Abstract + ( 499 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1551KB )   ( 72 ) To accelerate the improvement of wheat resistance to fusarium head blight (FHB) in ‘Zhoumai’ wheat, we used the local main wheat varieties (lines) ‘Zhoumai 22’, ‘Zhoumai 32’ and ‘Zhou11550’ as the female parents and the ‘Ningmai 9’, ‘Shengxuan 6’, ‘Yangmai 21’, which are the FHB resistant materials in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, as male parents to make a series of hybrid combinations. Then we got 621 selected materials in F3-F6 offspring. In the field, we used different FHB strains from Jiangsu and Henan to identify the resistance to FHB through inoculating spores into spikelets by single flower drip method. Meanwhile, the molecular detection of the progenitor materials was carried out by using the closely linked diagnostic marker His-InDel of the main gene Fhb1. Field inoculation results showed that 23.9% of the total offspring from Jiangsu had high or moderate resistance to FHB, while this rate was 35.1% in the offspring of Henan. The resistance of the offspring materials was significantly improved compared with their parents, which were susceptible to FHB. And the resistance of the materials to strains from Jiangsu was lower than that from Henan. Molecular detection results showed that the resistance to FHB had a significant difference in materials containing Fhb1 or not, indicating that Fhb1 gene marker assisted selection could be used to improve the resistance of wheat cultivars to FHB efficiently.

  Correlation Analysis of Soil Water Storage and Occurrence of Red Spider and Basal Stalk Rot in Wheat Field Under Green Manure Stubble Kang Xiuli, Cui Huanhu, Ma Aiping, Jing Hua, Wang Yuzhi, Huang Xuefang 2021, 37 (4):  105-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2020-00012 Abstract + ( 362 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1325KB )   ( 31 ) To improve the soil fertility and reduce the pests and diseases by green manuring, a study on different soil layer water storage at different wheat growth stages, red spider occurrence quantity, basal stalk rot incidence and the correlation was conducted in wheat field under green manuring in summer fallow period by large area contrast method at different altitudes in 2018. The results showed that the different layer soil water storage at high altitude was higher than that at low altitude in different green manure stubble before winter and at jointing stage, and the red spider occurrence was opposite; the red spider occurrence was significantly different in different green manure stubble at same altitude (P<0.01), and the later the green manuring time, the larger the red spider occurrence quantity with same crop green manure stubble. The linear relationship between the 0-100, 100-200 and 0-200 cm soil layer water storage and the red spider occurrence was a significantly negative correlation (P<0.05) at wheat jointing stage at low altitude, but no difference at high altitude; before wheat overwintering, the linear relationship between the water storage of 100-200 cm soil layer and the red spider occurrence was a significantly negative correlation (P<0.05) at high altitude, and that of the water storage of 0-100 and 0-200 cm soil layer and the red spider occurrence was the same at low altitude. The basal stalk rot incidence of green manure stubble at low altitude and high altitude was 0.56%-1.59% and 0.00%-0.00% respectively, among them, there was a significantly negative correlation between 0-100 cm soil layer water storage before winter, 0-100, 100-200 and 0-200 cm soil layer water storage at jointing stage and basal stalk rot incidence (P<0.05) at low altitude; the mean correlation coefficient between different soil layer water storage and basal stalk rot incidence was larger at jointing stage than that before overwintering at low altitude. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of green manure to reduce pests and diseases, and to select suitable green manure stubble for different areas.

  Biological Characteristics of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Causing Shoot Dieback Disease on Apple and Screening of Bactericides Li Yan, Li Hongtao, Ye Liangchao, Zhou Junxiang, Luo Ming 2021, 37 (4):  112-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0471 Abstract + ( 431 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1540KB )   ( 86 ) A shoot dieback disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae was found in several apple orchards in Ili, Xinjiang. In this study, the biological characteristics of the pathogen were tested and bactericides were screened to provide a scientific basis for epidemiology and control practices of this disease. The effects of culture medium, carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, pH, NaCl concentration and ultraviolet on the growth of the pathogens were determined by growth method, and the indoor virulence and disease control effects of 13 fungicides were compared by plate inhibition method and in vitro branch inoculation method. The results show that the pathogen of apple bacterial blight is most suitable to grow on NA+5% sucrose medium, and the growth is the highest when sucrose is used as carbon source and beef paste as nitrogen source. The suitable temperature for cell growth is 25-30℃, the optimum temperature is 27℃, the suitable pH for growth is 7-9, and the optimum pH is 7.5. The bacteria grow well in the 0.5% NaCl, and are inhibited by NaCl concentration above 1%. The bacteria could be completely killed when they are treated at 49℃ for 10 min and ultraviolet irradiation for 6 min. Indoor virulence test show that 3% benziothiazolinone ME, 0.3% tetramycin AS, 3% zhongshengmycin WP, 2% Kasugamycin WP and 30% copper (ll) busic choride SC have good bacteriostatic effect, and the EC50 is 6.43, 16.36, 22.57, 35.31 and 36.65 mg/L, respectively. The protective effects of the tested agents were determined by in vitro branch inoculation method, and the results show that the control effect of 3% benziothiazolinone ME is the best, up to 82.66%, followed by 2% kasugamycin AS and 20% thiodiazole copper SC, which could reach 77.14% and 73.09%, respectively.

  Antennal Morphology and Sensilla of Vespa bicolor Observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy Shi Wen, Li Chenyang, Wang Yuchen, Liu Qing, Yi Chuanhui, He Qiuju 2021, 37 (4):  120-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300272 Abstract + ( 550 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 4814KB )   ( 56 ) The antennae and sensilla external morphological characteristics of Vespa bicolor (Vespidae Hymenoptera) were identified. The sensilla morphological characteristics, types and distribution of V. bicolor drumbledrone and worker bees were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the antennae of V. bicolor are geniculate and consist of scape, pedicel and flagellum. There are 11 sections of drumbledrones’ flagellum and 10 sections of worker bees’ flagellum. And there are 5 types of sensilla, including trichoid sensilla (subtype TS I, TS Ⅱ), placodea sensilla (subtype PS I, PS Ⅱ), chaetica sensilla (subtype CS I, CS Ⅱ), basiconic sensilla (subtype BS I, BS Ⅱ), and coeloconic sensilla (CoS). The 9 kinds of sensilla of the two types social wasps are basically the same in morphology and type, but the size and distribution position are slightly different. Trichoid sensilla and placodea sensilla are distributed most widely and with the largest amount.

  Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Fungicide Treatment on Quality of Garlic Sprout During Storage Zhang Jianye, Du Qingzhi, Liu Xiang, Yao Xiangfeng, Qiao Zhihua, Jiang Xingyin 2021, 37 (4):  126-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0020 Abstract + ( 598 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1445KB )   ( 165 ) The purpose of the research is to reduce the occurrence of garlic sprout diseases through the treatment of gibberellic acid and fungicides, while maintaining the quality of garlic sprout. Taking Jinxiang garlic sprout as the research object, we set up 10 treatments of gibberellic acid GA3 50 mg/L (S2), gibberellic acid GA4+7 50 mg/L (S3), gibberellic acid GA4+7 25 mg/L (S4), prochloraz 800 times solution (S5), pyraclostrobin 1500 times solution (S6), GA4+7 25 mg/L+ GA3 25 mg/L (S7), GA4+7 50 mg/L+ prochloraz 800 times solution (S8), GA4+7 25 mg/L+ prochloraz 800 times solution (S9), GA4+7 50 mg/L+ pyraclostrobin 1500 times solution (S10), GA4+7 25 mg/L+ pyraclostrobin 1500 times solution (S11), and soaking in clear water as the blank control (S1). After harvest, we put the stalk bud part into the chemical solution for 5 minutes, and stored it in a constant temperature (0℃). After 6 months of storage, the disease incidence was investigated and the water content, chlorophyll, Vc, and soluble sugar content of garlic sprouts were determined. Compared with the control, gibberellic acid and fungicides could inhibit the occurrence of diseases in garlic sprouts during storage, and the incidence rate was within 20%; the water content of garlic sprout increased by about 1.5%, and the Vc content and chlorophyll content increased by 3.5 and 4.9 mg/100 g or more, the soluble sugar content increased by about 2.0 mg/g, which could slow down the loss of water, Vc, chlorophyll and soluble sugar in garlic sprouts. Among them, GA4+7 50 mg/L+ prochloraz 800 times solution had the best effect, each index value was much higher than that of the control, and there was a significant difference between the two. Studies show that the treatment with gibberellic acid and fungicides can effectively reduce the incidence of garlic sprouts during storage, slow down the loss of nutrients, and improve the quality and commercial value of the products after storage.

  Effect of Packing Density on the Alcoholisation Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Strips Du Qian, Zhou Jinhua, Zhao Yanzhen, Zhou Shengtao, Liu Yang, Xi Jiaqin 2021, 37 (4):  131-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0009 Abstract + ( 327 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1400KB )   ( 49 ) The paper aims to further improve the quality of stored tobacco aging, and to provide technical support for the scientific management of aging tobacco. The effects of different packing densities (100, 150 and 200 kg/0.593 m3) on the chemical composition, usability, and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco lamina were investigated to improve the alcoholization efficiency and rate of tobacco lamina during storage life by comprehensive evaluation method of chemical composition usability. The results showed that for both the tobacco grades (B3F and C3F), the moisture content of tobacco lamina samples with the packing density of 100 kg/0.593 m3fluctuated most dynamically with time. The usability of main chemical components in tobacco lamina samples was relatively high when the packing density was 150 kg/0.593 m3. In all cases, the sensory quality of tobacco lamina samples changed in a parabolic trend as the duration of alcoholization increased. The total sensory quality scores obtained within an appropriate alcoholization period were ranked in the order: 150 kg/0.593 m3>100 kg/0.593 m3> 200 kg/0.593 m3. In conclusion, the overall quality of tobacco lamina is optimal after alcoholization with a packing density of 150 kg/0.593 m3.

  Volatile Compositions Analysis and Beverage Application of Chamomile Essential Oil from Matricaria recutita Guo Xiangyang 2021, 37 (4):  138-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2020-00004 Abstract + ( 442 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1473KB )   ( 55 ) To study the differences and similarities of volatile compounds and aroma properties in Roman chamomile essential oil and German chamomile essential oil from Matricaria recutita, select the raw materials with fragrance suitable for industrial production, and establish the flavor database of aromatic plants, the volatile compositions and aroma properties in the two chamomile essential oil were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology coupled with steam distillation (SD) for extraction of volatiles. A total of 49 volatiles were identified in the two chamomile essential oil, and 43 and 46 volatiles were identified in Roman chamomile essential oil and German chamomile essential oil, respectively. Esters, alcohols, and alkenes compounds were the main volatiles in the two essential oil, and the trans-pinocarveole, α-pinene, allyl tiglate and ethyl-2-methylcyclopropanecarboxylate were the common abundant volatile compounds, but the chamazulen was only identified in German chamomile essential oil. Combined with the results of sensory evaluation, Roman chamomile essential oil had better aroma properties, which were herbaceous, floral, fruity and sweet odors, and had weak irritation and earthy odors. By adding 0.5% (w/w) Roman chamomile essential oil to the beverage base, the herb-tea beverage could be well prepared with transparency, good fragrance flavor and stability. This research can provide scientific data for variety breeding, aroma quality improvement, chamomile essential oil extraction and preparation, and a theoretical basis for further development, utilization and industrialized production of chamomile from Matricaria recutita.

  Crop Growth Monitoring with Digital Images: A Review Zhao Xinxin, Chen Huanxuan, Han Yingchun, Li Yabing, Feng Lu 2021, 37 (4):  146-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300278 Abstract + ( 488 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1367KB )   ( 182 ) In order to carry out the quantitative management and the growth monitoring of the crop in field, this paper discussed the methods of digital image acquisition, digital image analysis and processing, and digital image crop growth index monitoring, summarized the basic principles, the acquisition and method of digital image, and concluded that the digital image could be used to monitor the crop coverage, leaf area index, biomass and nitrogen nutrition. It is suggested that the acquisition standard of digital image should be clear, the analysis method should be selected according to the specific situation, and at the same time, expert system should be used to evaluate crop growth from multiple perspectives in the future, so as to achieve the precise management of the crops.

  Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on China’s Supply Chain of Imported Aquatic Products and Countermeasures He Wei, Kong Lingbo, Lin Qiao, Yang Xiaowei 2021, 37 (4):  154-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0776 Abstract + ( 605 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 297 ) The global supply chain of aquatic product has been influenced to some extent amid COVID-19 pandemic. This paper analyzed the current situation of aquatic product supply chain both at home and abroad, the problems found in the chain and the adopted response strategies, aiming to ensure the safety of imported aquatic products and the stable operation of the supply chain in China. Affected by COVID-19 pandemic, global trade of aquatic products has been slightly reduced, both supplying and trading venues are at risk of virus infection. In response to the crises, FAO and China have taken a number of measures, such as issuing relevant business guidelines, using digitalization to promote electronic trade, supervising personnel management, strengthening port quarantine, and improving market sales models. On this basis, this paper suggested building product traceability system, strengthening the epidemic prevention intensity and quality control of key products, innovating consumption and service patterns, and establishing a series of emergency response mechanisms to ensure the safety of China’s imported aquatic products.

  The Effects of Integrated Lotus-Soft Shelled Turtle System on Water Quality and Growth Properties of Lotus and Soft Shelled Turtle Wang Fen, Cheng Yunsheng, Hou Guanjun, Ji Suofei, Song Guangtong, Li Hu, Zhang Ye, Wu Yuchun, Li Zhengrong, Zhu Chengjun, Li Jie, Jiang Yelin 2021, 37 (4):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100033 Abstract + ( 513 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1430KB )   ( 78 ) To study the impact of integrated lotus-soft shelled turtle system on the water quality and the growth properties of lotus and soft shelled turtle, water quality, species and quantity of zooplankton and phytoplankton in the soft shelled turtle monoculture system, lotus-soft shelled turtle coculture system and lotus monoculture system were investigated monthly from Jun to October, 2019. The results showed that the concentrations of ammonia and COD significantly decreased under the integrated lotus-soft shelled turtle system compared with soft shelled turtle monoculture system. The species and diversity indices of zooplankton and phytoplankton did not differ among the three systems significantly. The protozoan, rotifer and copepods were the dominated zooplanktons species in the three systems. For the monoculture system, species of green algae and blue-green algae mainly dominated the phytoplankton populations, while green algae, diatom blue-green algae and euglena dominated the phytoplankton populations in the integrated system. The survival rate and specific growth rate in the integrated system increased by 23.29% and 1.59%, respectively. In the meanwhile, the FCR was 17.92% lower than the soft shelled turtle monoculture. Compared with those of the system of lotus monoculture, 100-grain weight and the number of lotus seedpods of the integrated system were increased by 9.76% and 7.23%.