Analysis of Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Economic Benefit of Planting Maize in Yanyuan of Sichuan

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0400

Abstract

Abstract:

To analyze the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in corn planting in Yanyuan, promote scientific fertilization to increase efficiency, and promote the protection and quality improvement of cultivated land, we set up treatments of no fertilizer, no nitrogen, no phosphorus, no potassium and NPK full fertilizer to carry out the utilization rate analysis of NPK fertilizer for corn. The results indicated that stem diameter, ear height, number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight of NPK fertilizer treatment were higher than those of other treatments, except that plant height was lower than that of no potassium; the grain yield and stem and leaf yield were also the highest, which were 12.07 t/hm² and 13.55 t/hm², respectively. The order from high to low was full fertilizer zone (T₅) > potassium-free zone (T₄) > phosphorus free zone (T₃) > nitrogen free zone (T₂) > fertilizer free zone (T₁). The yield to investment ratio of NPK fertilizer area was the lowest (4.73), but the economic benefit was the highest. The utilization rates of N, P and K in the experimental field were from high to low as K > N > P, and the utilization rates were 56.61%, 43.14% and 9.55%, respectively. Therefore, the composite fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be selected for corn production in Yanyuan, and the content of potassium and nitrogen should be higher than that of phosphorus. At the same time, we should increase the application of organic fertilizer and plant green fertilizer to improve the ecological environment and improve the quality of crops.

Key words: maize, fertilizer, utilization rate, Yanyuan, nitrate fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, economic benefits

YOU Yu, LIN Xianfeng, JIANG Yun, ZHANG Liang, ZHANG Yunmei, TANG Dongmei, YU Hongjie, XIONG Zhongwei. Analysis of Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Economic Benefit of Planting Maize in Yanyuan of Sichuan[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(2): 17-22.

Figures/Tables 6

References 30

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处理	底肥			拔节肥	攻苞肥
处理	尿素	过磷酸钙	硫酸钾	尿素	尿素	硫酸钾
T₁	0	0	0	0	0	0
T₂	0	3000	360	0	0	600
T₃	421	0	360	300	1200	600
T₄	421	3000	360	300	1200	0
T₅	421	3000	360	300	1200	600

处理	底肥			拔节肥	攻苞肥
处理	尿素	过磷酸钙	硫酸钾	尿素	尿素	硫酸钾
T₁	0	0	0	0	0	0
T₂	0	3000	360	0	0	600
T₃	421	0	360	300	1200	600
T₄	421	3000	360	300	1200	0
T₅	421	3000	360	300	1200	600

处理	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	穗位高/cm	叶片数/片	穗数/(穗/hm²)	穗粒数/(粒/穗)	千粒重/g
T₁	269.65±5.12b	7.03±0.12b	92.22±4.02c	14±2a	42000	694.5±7.2d	328.21±2.10d
T₂	271.32±5.32b	7.15±0.18ab	105.31±4.21b	14±1a	42000	746.3±5.4c	336.40±2.71c
T₃	285.61±4.85a	7.43±0.21a	116.28±4.11a	16±1a	42000	797.5±6.7b	346.87±3.40b
T₄	289.23±11.22a	7.31±0.15ab	115.99±3.20a	14±1a	42000	816.4±3.1a	351.89±4.20b
T₅	285.76±5.17a	7.36±0.17a	121.25±4.20a	15±a	42000	821.5±4.1a	362.48±5.11a

处理	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	穗位高/cm	叶片数/片	穗数/(穗/hm²)	穗粒数/(粒/穗)	千粒重/g
T₁	269.65±5.12b	7.03±0.12b	92.22±4.02c	14±2a	42000	694.5±7.2d	328.21±2.10d
T₂	271.32±5.32b	7.15±0.18ab	105.31±4.21b	14±1a	42000	746.3±5.4c	336.40±2.71c
T₃	285.61±4.85a	7.43±0.21a	116.28±4.11a	16±1a	42000	797.5±6.7b	346.87±3.40b
T₄	289.23±11.22a	7.31±0.15ab	115.99±3.20a	14±1a	42000	816.4±3.1a	351.89±4.20b
T₅	285.76±5.17a	7.36±0.17a	121.25±4.20a	15±a	42000	821.5±4.1a	362.48±5.11a

处理	产值/(元/hm²)	投入/(元/hm²)			与处理1比增产值/(元/hm²)	与处理1比增纯收益/(元/hm²)	产投比
处理	产值/(元/hm²)	肥料	用工	合计	与处理1比增产值/(元/hm²)	与处理1比增纯收益/(元/hm²)	产投比
T₁	32749.50±57.35d	0	4500	4500	—	—	7.28
T₂	34845.15±49.04c	2295	4500	6795	2096.15	-199.35	5.13
T₃	36729.75±58.67b	2235	4500	6735	3980.25	1745.25	5.45
T₄	37129.50±24.64b	2940	4500	7440	4380.00	1440.00	4.99
T₅	38929.50±42.38a	3735	4500	8235	6180.00	2445.00	4.73