Regulation Mechanism of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Maize

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0463

Abstract

Abstract:

The study aims to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer combination on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency and yield of maize during the growth period. In this research, the cultivar ‘Woyu No.3’ was applied as research material. A split plot field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area of Gansu Province. Four nitrogen fertilizer applications, i.e. without N application (N₀, CK), traditional N fertilizer application (N₁), 15% N fertilizer reduction (N₂) and 30% N fertilizer reduction (N₃), were set as the main plot, and three organic fertilizer applications, namely 3.5×10³ (O₁), 3.0×10³ (O₂) and 2.5×10³ (O₃) kg/hm², were used as the split plot. Photosynthetic, chlorophyll relative content, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency and yield were determined. The result showed that, under the level of same nitrogen application in growth stages of maize, compared with the N₂O₁ and N₂O₃ treatments, the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate and stomatal conductance under the N₂O₂ treatments were increased by 17.91%, 10.59% and 19.13%, 18.46% and 20.13%, 26.62%. Compared with the N₂O₁ and N₂O₃ treatments, the chlorophyll value and V_max and biological yield under the N₂O₂ treatments were increased by 18.73%, 9.77% and 13.79%, 17.84% and 7.14%, 6.78%. Compared with the N₂O₁ and N₂O₃ treatments, the grain yields and nitrogen use efficiency under the N₂O₂ treatments were increased by 18.77%, 20.14% and 15.68%, 8.02%. In summary, in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area with resource shortage, the reduction of N fertilizer by 15 % (306 kg/hm², N₂) combined with organic fertilizer (3000.00 kg/hm², O₂) could replace part of N fertilizer, which had high nutrient supply potential and the best effect on maize yield stability.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer reduction, organic fertilizer, maize, dry matter accumulation, yield, photosynthetic rate, Hexi Oasis

CHEN Hailong, CHEN Zhaohui, WEI Tingbang. Regulation Mechanism of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Maize[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(2): 7-16.

Figures/Tables 7

References 45

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年份	月份	平均高温/℃	平均低温/℃	能见度/ km	风速/(km/h)	总降雨量/mm
2022	1	-1.0	-17.0	29.6	7.7	0.1
	2	9.0	-6.0	17.2	9.3	0.0
	3	17.0	1.0	22.9	8.5	0.0
	4	27.0	11.0	27.6	10.9	15.3
	5	28.0	17.0	25.9	7.7	41.1
	6	30.0	16.0	28.6	11.6	79.1
	7	30.0	16.0	27.2	11.1	5.7
	8	26.0	12.0	22.1	11.8	7.2
	9	19.0	4.0	18.8	15.2	2.0
	10	15.0	-2.0	18.4	11.3	0.8
	11	1.0	-13.0	17.3	8.5	2.0
	12	2.0	-15.0	13.9	8.2	0.0
2023	1	-1	-18	24.6	7.5	1.1
	2	6	-11	22.3	7.6	2.1
	3	14	-3	40.9	9.6	0.0
	4	16	3	23.4	13.4	15.3
	5	23	10	25.3	13.9	23.5
	6	29	15	24.2	13.2	19.8
	7	31	16	20.0	14.1	43.2
	8	29	16	21.3	14.4	0.3
	9	25	11	19.4	11.4	3.4
	10	18	4	16.2	9.1	41.1
	11	8	-6	31.3	9.4	7.1
	12	2	-12	22.6	7.9	0.0

年份	月份	平均高温/℃	平均低温/℃	能见度/ km	风速/(km/h)	总降雨量/mm
2022	1	-1.0	-17.0	29.6	7.7	0.1
	2	9.0	-6.0	17.2	9.3	0.0
	3	17.0	1.0	22.9	8.5	0.0
	4	27.0	11.0	27.6	10.9	15.3
	5	28.0	17.0	25.9	7.7	41.1
	6	30.0	16.0	28.6	11.6	79.1
	7	30.0	16.0	27.2	11.1	5.7
	8	26.0	12.0	22.1	11.8	7.2
	9	19.0	4.0	18.8	15.2	2.0
	10	15.0	-2.0	18.4	11.3	0.8
	11	1.0	-13.0	17.3	8.5	2.0
	12	2.0	-15.0	13.9	8.2	0.0
2023	1	-1	-18	24.6	7.5	1.1
	2	6	-11	22.3	7.6	2.1
	3	14	-3	40.9	9.6	0.0
	4	16	3	23.4	13.4	15.3
	5	23	10	25.3	13.9	23.5
	6	29	15	24.2	13.2	19.8
	7	31	16	20.0	14.1	43.2
	8	29	16	21.3	14.4	0.3
	9	25	11	19.4	11.4	3.4
	10	18	4	16.2	9.1	41.1
	11	8	-6	31.3	9.4	7.1
	12	2	-12	22.6	7.9	0.0

处理	基肥				追肥
处理	有机肥	氮肥	磷肥	钾肥	大喇叭口期	开花期
N₀O₁	3500	0	160	40	0	0
N₀O₂	3000	0	160	40	0	0
N₀O₃	2500	0	160	40	0	0
N₁O₁	3500	108	160	40	180	72
N₁O₂	3000	108	160	40	180	72
N₁O₃	2500	108	160	40	180	72
N₂O₁	3500	91.8	160	40	153	61.2
N₂O₂	3000	91.8	160	40	153	61.2
N₂O₃	2500	91.8	160	40	153	61.2
N₃O₁	3500	75.6	160	40	126	50.4
N₃O₂	3000	75.6	160	40	126	50.4
N₃O₃	2500	75.6	160	40	126	50.4

处理	基肥				追肥
处理	有机肥	氮肥	磷肥	钾肥	大喇叭口期	开花期
N₀O₁	3500	0	160	40	0	0
N₀O₂	3000	0	160	40	0	0
N₀O₃	2500	0	160	40	0	0
N₁O₁	3500	108	160	40	180	72
N₁O₂	3000	108	160	40	180	72
N₁O₃	2500	108	160	40	180	72
N₂O₁	3500	91.8	160	40	153	61.2
N₂O₂	3000	91.8	160	40	153	61.2
N₂O₃	2500	91.8	160	40	153	61.2
N₃O₁	3500	75.6	160	40	126	50.4
N₃O₂	3000	75.6	160	40	126	50.4
N₃O₃	2500	75.6	160	40	126	50.4

年份	处理	光合速率/ [μmol CO₂/(m²·s)]	蒸腾速率/ [mmol H₂O/(m²·s)]]	气孔导度/ [mol/(m²·s)]	叶绿素含量 SPAD
2022	N₀O₁	20.05±1.01 g	5.94±0.52 f	0.06±0.01 f	27.04±2.05 h
	N₀O₂	22.47±0.62 f	6.25±0.24 ef	0.07±0.02 f	29.53±1.11 g
	N₀O₃	20.05±0.37 g	6.03±0.55 f	0.09±0.02 e	30.08±3.55 g
	N₁O₁	26.63±0.75 de	6.42±1.46 e	0.11±0.03 d	37.89±3.71 f
	N₁O₂	28.93±0.51 cd	7.66±0.46 c	0.12±0.03 cd	42.32±1.86 d
	N₁O₃	25.57±1.02 e	7.23±1.04 d	0.09±0.01 e	41.74±2.58 de
	N₂O₁	32.02±0.10 b	7.65±0.76 c	0.15±0.01 b	47.02±3.65 c
	N₂O₂	37.46±0.06 a	9.25±0.28 a	0.18±0.02 a	55.64±4.08 a
	N₂O₃	33.16±1.25 b	8.36±0.89 b	0.14±0.01 b	50.01±1.49 b
	N₃O₁	27.94±0.35 d	7.12±0.16 d	0.12±0.03 cd	40.21±2.59 e
	N₃O₂	30.14±1.17 c	8.27±0.06 b	0.15±0.01 b	42.66±1.23 d
	N₃O₃	26.08±0.50 e	7.06±1.08 d	0.13±0.02 c	42.69±2.17 d
2023	N₀O₁	18.73±1.56 d	5.34±1.15 c	0.04±0.01 d	25.489±2.84 d
	N₀O₂	21.07±1.68 d	6.39±0.05 c	0.06±0.03 d	28.52±1.33 d
	N₀O₃	19.27±2.04 d	6.11±0.11 c	0.08±0.02 cd	27.08±1.07 d
	N₁O₁	25.41±0.55 c	6.85±0.62 bc	0.10±0.01 c	36.82±2.75 c
	N₁O₂	27.63±0.78 bc	8.01±0.68 b	0.13±0.01 bc	40.96±4.01 bc
	N₁O₃	25.91±1.91 c	7.56±0.46 bc	0.11±0.01 c	39.22±2.52 c
	N₂O₁	31.08±1.39 b	8.24±0.92 b	0.16±0.02 ab	45.28±3.45 b
	N₂O₂	36.94±1.05 a	9.68±0.55 a	0.19±0.03 a	53.95±1.28 a
	N₂O₃	34.11±2.73 ab	7.62±1.31 bc	0.15±0.01 b	49.82±3.73 ab
	N₃O₁	26.19±0.83 c	6.39±1.08 c	0.11±0.02 c	39.66±1.08 bc
	N₃O₂	29.66±0.64 bc	8.16±0.76 b	0.16±0.01 ab	41.08±3.86 bc
	N₃O₃	27.03±2.11 c	7.03±0.88 bc	0.14±0.02 bc	39.83±2.77 bc
	显著性(P值)
	氮肥用量(N)	*	*	*	*
	有机肥用量(O)	*	*	*	*
	氮肥用量(N)×有机肥用量(O) 有机肥用量（O）	*	*	*	*