Effects of Cultivation Methods on Growth and Quality of Water Spinach

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0074

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different cultivation methods on the growth and quality of different varieties of water spinach, ‘Daye baigu’, ‘Zhongye qingguliuye’ and ‘Bobai kongxincai’ were used as experimental materials to explore the effects of soil cultivation, perlite substrate cultivation, hydroponics, and floating cultivation of seedling trays methods in facilities. The results showed that all three varieties of water spinach had the fastest plant height growth rate under floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions, which could shorten the time from sowing to first harvest by 21-24 days compared to soil cultivation. In the early stage, the harvesting interval under floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions was the shortest, while in the later stage, the harvesting interval of perlite substrate cultivation had an advantage. The main stem thickness showed no significant difference between soil and perlite cultivation conditions in all three varieties, but was both significantly higher than those under hydroponic and floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions. The leaf length, petiole length, and number of leaves were the highest in soil cultivation, followed by perlite cultivation. Under soil cultivation conditions, the content of vitamin C and cellulose were higher, while the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein were lower. Under perlite cultivation conditions, the content of soluble protein and dry matter were higher, while the content of vitamin C was lower. Under hydroponic conditions, the content of soluble sugar and chlorophyll were higher. The comprehensive quality was shown as perlite substrate cultivation > hydroponic > soil cultivation > floating cultivation of seedling trays. Water spinach grew fastest under floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions, and had the best quality under perlite substrate cultivation conditions.

Key words: water spinach, cultivation method, growth rate, harvest time, nutritional quality, comprehensive evaluation

WEN Junli, CHEN Qin, GUO Yuanyuan, ZHANG Li, LI Yang, KANG Dexian, SONG Huanzhong, CHEN Zhendong. Effects of Cultivation Methods on Growth and Quality of Water Spinach[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(18): 65-74.

Figures/Tables 12

References 23

[1]	王希强. 空心菜优质高产栽培技术[J]. 现代农业科技, 2010(21):128-140.
[2]	董文其, 俞晨良, 张成浩. 基于城市环境生产的蔬菜安全性初探[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2018, 59(3):498-500. doi: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20180345
[3]	张称称, 戴曲顺. 不同水培处理对蕹菜生长的影响[J]. 黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报, 2022, 35(5):48-50.
[4]	马梦谦, 樊海丹, 李红娜, 等. 含腐植酸水溶肥对空心菜生长及土壤养分性状的影响[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2024, 14(5):1444-1450.
[5]	彭志慧, 申丽霞, 李艳丽, 等. 夜间补光时长和光强对空心菜生长的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2023(9):7-14.
[6]	李杰, 杨萍. 不同电导率营养液对蕹菜生长、品质及产量的影响[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2020, 33(12):82-86.
[7]	高亚轻, 范胜男, 周新原, 等. 限根处理对空心菜营养生长与品质的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2023(5):10-17.
[8]	杨绍聪, 沐婵, 钱荣青, 等. 不同环境栽培空心菜、薄荷的生长量及养分吸收量比较分析[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2022, 35(2):85-89.
[9]	冯锡鸿, 王彦刚, 冯汝龙, 等. 温室不同栽培方式对番茄生长、产量和品质的影响[J]. 宁夏农林科技, 2023, 64(9):30-32.
[10]	韦慧明, 苏小茴, 何可, 等. 不同栽培方式对上海青生长发育和产量的影响[J]. 长江蔬菜, 2021(10):56-58.
[11]	陶正平, 高志彤, 沈建刚. 不同无土栽培方式对油菜生长的影响[J]. 吉林蔬菜, 1999(4):4-5.
[12]	李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000.
[13]	王川奇. 液面叶菜漂浮栽培技术研究[D]. 太谷: 山西农业大学, 2021.
[14]	胡绵好, 袁菊红, 杨肖娥. 水生蔬菜对富营养化水体净化及资源化利用[J]. 湖泊科学, 2010, 22(3):416-420.
[15]	董文其, 胡齐赞, 王宣怀, 等. 不同栽培方式对小白菜生长及品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2022, 63(5):1028-1030. doi: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20212154
[16]	李曼, 于东月, 李葵花. 栽培方式对莴苣生长及品质的影响[J]. 南方农业, 2021, 15(27):27-29.
[17]	王涛, 文波龙, 徐惠风, 等. 苏打盐碱湿地两种栽培方式下3种水生植物生理生态和养分吸收特征的比较[J]. 湿地科学, 2024, 22(4): 518-525.
[18]	胡玥. 栽培方式及优化管理对绿叶菜生长和品质的影响研究[D]. 上海: 上海师范大学, 2017.
[19]	王启璋, 张广楠, 王丽慧, 等. 不同栽培方式对韭菜生长和碳水化合物累积的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(2):288-297. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.02.12
[20]	樊煜. 不同栽培方式和不同间距对奶白菜生长的影响[D]. 太原: 太原理工大学, 2019.
[21]	王俊红. 不同栽培方式对韭菜产量、品质和经济效益的影响[J]. 特种经济动植物, 2024, 27(7):94-97.
[22]	胡玥, 崔雯, 金敏凤, 等. 不同栽培方式对生菜生长和营养品质的影响[J]. 上海师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 48(5):566-573.
[23]	陈娜, 黄奕琦, 雷舒敏. 不同栽培方式对西兰花产量和品质的影响[J]. 分子植物育种, 2024, 22(7):2315-2321.

日期	大叶白骨				博白空心菜				中叶青骨柳叶
日期	珍珠岩基质栽培	育苗盘漂浮栽培	水培	土培	珍珠岩基质栽培	育苗盘漂浮栽培	水培	土培	珍珠岩基质栽培	育苗盘漂浮栽培	水培	土培
3/28—3/31	/	1.59	/	/	/	2.25	/	/	/	1.84	/	/
3/31—4/3	/	1.59	/	/	/	1.82	/	/	/	1.44	/	/
4/3—4/6	0.38	0.79	0.54	/	0.98	0.94	-0.37	/	1.95	0.91	0.52	/
4/6—4/9	0.11	1.33	-0.05	/	0.36	0.37	1.04	/	0.26	2.81	0.15	/
4/9—4/12	2.39	4.09	2.09	0.15	1.96	2.85	1.61	0.15	1.83	1.05	1.65	0.21
4/12—4/15	0.67	/	0.67	0.26	0.30	/	0.54	0.15	0.86	1.63	1.22	0.28
4/15—4/18	0.67	/	0.67	0.77	0.30	/	0.54	1.33	0.86	/	1.22	1.60
4/18—4/21	1.99	/	3.01	0.76	2.23	/	4.09	1.27	1.53	/	1.51	1.89
4/21—4/24	0.44	/	0.34	1.20	0.89	/	0.40	1.57	1.32	/	0.98	1.35
4/24—4/27	0.39	/	1.07	1.28	0.75	/	1.28	1.29	/	/	1.33	0.80
4/27—4/30	2.00	/	/	0.99	0.73	/	/	0.72	/	/	/	0.45
4/30—5/3	/	/	/	1.15	/	/	/	1.22	/	/	/	2.10
5/3—5/6	/	/	/	1.81	/	/	/	0.96	/	/	/	0.31

日期	大叶白骨				博白空心菜				中叶青骨柳叶
日期	珍珠岩基质栽培	育苗盘漂浮栽培	水培	土培	珍珠岩基质栽培	育苗盘漂浮栽培	水培	土培	珍珠岩基质栽培	育苗盘漂浮栽培	水培	土培
3/28—3/31	/	1.59	/	/	/	2.25	/	/	/	1.84	/	/
3/31—4/3	/	1.59	/	/	/	1.82	/	/	/	1.44	/	/
4/3—4/6	0.38	0.79	0.54	/	0.98	0.94	-0.37	/	1.95	0.91	0.52	/
4/6—4/9	0.11	1.33	-0.05	/	0.36	0.37	1.04	/	0.26	2.81	0.15	/
4/9—4/12	2.39	4.09	2.09	0.15	1.96	2.85	1.61	0.15	1.83	1.05	1.65	0.21
4/12—4/15	0.67	/	0.67	0.26	0.30	/	0.54	0.15	0.86	1.63	1.22	0.28
4/15—4/18	0.67	/	0.67	0.77	0.30	/	0.54	1.33	0.86	/	1.22	1.60
4/18—4/21	1.99	/	3.01	0.76	2.23	/	4.09	1.27	1.53	/	1.51	1.89
4/21—4/24	0.44	/	0.34	1.20	0.89	/	0.40	1.57	1.32	/	0.98	1.35
4/24—4/27	0.39	/	1.07	1.28	0.75	/	1.28	1.29	/	/	1.33	0.80
4/27—4/30	2.00	/	/	0.99	0.73	/	/	0.72	/	/	/	0.45
4/30—5/3	/	/	/	1.15	/	/	/	1.22	/	/	/	2.10
5/3—5/6	/	/	/	1.81	/	/	/	0.96	/	/	/	0.31

品种	方式	株高/cm	主蔓粗/cm	叶片长/cm	叶柄长/cm	叶片数/片
大叶白骨	珍珠岩基质栽培	32.58±6.43ab	0.89±0.1ab	15.52±0.62cd	8.32±0.80ab	15.80±1.10de
	育苗盘漂浮栽培	30.94±1.95b	0.64±0.1d	10.52±1.84g	6.27±1.40cd	6.60±0.55g
	水培	31.36±3.56b	0.66±0.18cd	11.28±1.11fg	4.60±0.72e	11.20±0.84efg
	土培	30.70±1.96b	1.01±0.11a	18.02±0.96ab	9.42±1.46a	44.00±9.59b
博白空心菜	珍珠岩基质栽培	33.74±3.80ab	0.81±0.1b	16.54±1.37bc	5.18±1.25de	19.60±2.41d
	育苗盘漂浮栽培	28.74±1.16b	0.63±0.06d	13.20±0.80ef	3.58±0.83e	8.40±0.89fg
	水培	36.76±3.40a	0.57±0.06d	13.64±1.07de	4.04±0.68e	13.40±0.55ef
	土培	31.12±2.22b	0.78±0.1bc	19.84±1.39a	5.08±1.09de	68.80±6.76a
中叶青骨柳叶	珍珠岩基质栽培	32.47±1.73ab	0.84±0.11b	17.88±1.12ab	7.42±1.94bc	15.60±1.67de
	育苗盘漂浮栽培	33.25±3.06ab	0.53±0.13d	11.02±0.93g	4.02±1.12e	6.60±0.55g
	水培	33.34±3.74ab	0.51±0.06d	11.70±2.01efg	4.38±0.72e	10.80±0.45efg
	土培	31.30±3.85b	0.78±0.06bc	17.62±3.29b	7.68±1.14bc	38.40±5.37c

品种	方式	株高/cm	主蔓粗/cm	叶片长/cm	叶柄长/cm	叶片数/片
大叶白骨	珍珠岩基质栽培	32.58±6.43ab	0.89±0.1ab	15.52±0.62cd	8.32±0.80ab	15.80±1.10de
	育苗盘漂浮栽培	30.94±1.95b	0.64±0.1d	10.52±1.84g	6.27±1.40cd	6.60±0.55g
	水培	31.36±3.56b	0.66±0.18cd	11.28±1.11fg	4.60±0.72e	11.20±0.84efg
	土培	30.70±1.96b	1.01±0.11a	18.02±0.96ab	9.42±1.46a	44.00±9.59b
博白空心菜	珍珠岩基质栽培	33.74±3.80ab	0.81±0.1b	16.54±1.37bc	5.18±1.25de	19.60±2.41d
	育苗盘漂浮栽培	28.74±1.16b	0.63±0.06d	13.20±0.80ef	3.58±0.83e	8.40±0.89fg
	水培	36.76±3.40a	0.57±0.06d	13.64±1.07de	4.04±0.68e	13.40±0.55ef
	土培	31.12±2.22b	0.78±0.1bc	19.84±1.39a	5.08±1.09de	68.80±6.76a
中叶青骨柳叶	珍珠岩基质栽培	32.47±1.73ab	0.84±0.11b	17.88±1.12ab	7.42±1.94bc	15.60±1.67de
	育苗盘漂浮栽培	33.25±3.06ab	0.53±0.13d	11.02±0.93g	4.02±1.12e	6.60±0.55g
	水培	33.34±3.74ab	0.51±0.06d	11.70±2.01efg	4.38±0.72e	10.80±0.45efg
	土培	31.30±3.85b	0.78±0.06bc	17.62±3.29b	7.68±1.14bc	38.40±5.37c