Current issue

• 2025 Vol.41 No.18 Published:25 June 2025

  Effect of Tourmaline Tailings on Rice Growth, Physiological Indicators and Yield GU Yanru, XU Xingjian, WANG Xiaojing, BAI Liyuan, CHEN Guangming, ZHAO Ran, BAO Yujiao, WANG Shuping, GUO Longyu, BI Shengnan 2025, 41 (18):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0461 Abstract + ( 50 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1366KB )   ( 16 ) The purpose of this study is to explore whether tourmaline tailings can promote crop growth, realize the resource utilization of tailings, and promote the integrated development of the first, second and third industries. Using tourmaline tailings as test material, and different proportion tailings were added to the soil. The growth and physiological indexes of rice were measured by combining indoor pot experiment with laboratory analysis test. The results showed that tourmaline tailings hindered the growth of plant height, root length and leaf length of rice seedlings, which decreased by 8.7%-10.3%, 4.5%-32.0% and 8.7%-15.1%, respectively. And tourmaline tailings promoted root diameter and stem diameter of rice seedlings, increasing by 9.6%-15.4% and 0.9%-4.3%, respectively. The promotion effect of stem diameter increased with the increase of the proportion of addition. The small proportion of 1:30 was beneficial to the growth of plant height at reproductive stage, and was also beneficial to the growth of dry matter accumulation at seedling and mature stage. The dry matter of rice at seedling and maturity stage increased by 4.1% and 12.26%, respectively. The SOD activity in different growth stages and Pro content at jointing stage of rice were significantly negatively correlated with the yield, and the yield decreased by 0.1%-14.6%, which the addition of tailings was not conducive to the accumulation of rice output. The results showed that tourmaline tailings had a stress on the growth and development of rice, and did not improve the economic benefits of rice. Small proportion of tailings could promote the accumulation of dry matter in rice.

  Effects of Base Application of Organic Fertilizer on Yield of Winter Wheat and Soil Physical-chemical Properties YU Liping, WANG Lijun, LIANG Mengju, WANG Lu, SUN Jinyang, ZHANG Junpeng, HOU Xianghao 2025, 41 (18):  8-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0633 Abstract + ( 60 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1610KB )   ( 21 ) Organic fertilizers have been widely used in farmland systems for reducing the adverse effects of fertilizer input on farmland environment and crop yield. A field study was conducted from 2022-2023 with the winter wheat ‘Jimai 44’ as the material, and four experimental treatments including 90% chemical fertilizer + 10% organic fertilizer, 80% chemical fertilizer + 20% organic fertilizer, 70% chemical fertilizer + 30% organic fertilizer, 60% chemical fertilizer + 40% organic fertilizer (represented by T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively) were set, and 100% chemical fertilizer was set as the control (represented by CK) to investigated the effects of fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on yield components of winter wheat and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that the content of soil water stability macroaggregates and soil organic matter increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application, and the soil water stability macroaggregates and soil organic matter under T3 and T4 treatment significantly higher than that under CK treatment. Meanwhile, a negatively correlation between soil electrical conductivity and organic fertilizer application was found, and there was no significant difference in soil pH under various fertilization treatments. The yield of winter wheat showed first increased and then decreased trend with the increase of organic fertilizer application, and the highest yield of winter wheat was found under T3 treatment (base fertilizer contained 70% chemical fertilizer + 30% organic fertilizer), the number of grains, the number of ears per hectare, thousand grain weight and grain yield of winter wheat under T3 treatment increased by 3.08%, 1.21%, 5.71% and 10.30% compared to those under CK treatment, respectively. Ultimately, T3 treatment had the best performance in improving the physicochemical properties of soil in wheat fields and increasing the yield of winter wheat based on TOPSIS method of entropy weight method, which can be considered as the recommended fertilization method for winter wheat production in experimental areas.

  Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers and Micro Elements Application on Yield and Quality of Black Corn FENG Zhizhen, CHEN Taichun, LU Yuxin, DOU Bingde, DAI Jiakun, BAI Yani, JIA Junchao, QIN Tao 2025, 41 (18):  17-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0768 Abstract + ( 48 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1913KB )   ( 21 ) To explore the impacts of applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, as well as micro elements, on the yield and quality of black corn, black corn ‘SK9179’, ‘SK9176’ and ‘SK9115’, which were self-selected breeding, were taken as test materials, and a multi-point comparison and repeated test design was carried out. The effects of formula fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios of 2:1:2 and 2:1:1， and the supplementary application of the micro elements zinc and boron on the yield and quality of black corn were investigated. Both the 2:1:2 and 2:1:1 NPK ratios were found to enhance the yield and quality of black corn, with the ratio 2:1:2 demonstrating the most favorable results. Applying 0.75% zinc sulfate at the ratio of 2:1:2, the yield of ‘SK9179’ black corn reached the highest 18223.5 kg/hm2, and the anthocyanin contents in the corn kernels and cobs were as high as 0.40% and 1.68%, respectively. However, the combined application of zinc sulfate and borax was observed to decrease the yield and quality of black corn. An excessive amount of nitrogen in the soil had a negative impact on the accumulation of anthocyanins and the formation of yield in black corn. Therefore, it was recommended that during the cultivation of black corn, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced, while the application amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased.

  Yield and Adaptability Evaluation of ‘Yunqing 602’ Winter Hulless Barley Variety LIU Lie, QIAO Xiangmei, WANG Zhiwei, CHENG Jiasheng, HUANG Tingzhi, CHENG Geng, WANG Zhilong, YU Yaxiong 2025, 41 (18):  26-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0524 Abstract + ( 29 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1283KB )   ( 6 ) To understand the adaptability of winter hulless barley variety 'Yunqing 602' in different ecological regions of Yunnan Province, as well as the differences in nutritional quality and agronomic traits, a trial was conducted at seven test sites in areas with extensive hulless barley cultivation in Yunnan Province, to analyze yield-related characteristics and quality parameters. The results showed that the coefficient of variation for yield and its components of 'Yunqing 602' across different ecological sites ranged from 0.00 to 0.19, indicating relatively low variation. In comparison, different ecological environments had greater impacts on yield and effective panicles of 'Yunqing 602', followed by grains per panicle, while showing minimal influence on 1000-grain weight. The spike formation rate exceeded 50% at all sites. Except for Diqing where lower temperatures occurred, the growth duration and nine quality indicators remained essentially consistent across ecological regions. Nutritional quality parameters and agronomic traits varied across test sites, suggesting that appropriate cultivation areas could be selected based on specific intended uses. In conclusion, 'Yunqing 602' demonstrates both high yield potential and stable productivity, exhibiting strong adaptability across all seven ecological sites. It is therefore suitable for large-scale cultivation throughout the province.

  Effects of Strip Compound Planting of Maize and Peanut on Growth of Two Crops LIU Haidong, CHEN Qingzheng, CAI Guihua, LIN Yanfei, HUANG Guangrong, QI Juncheng, ZHOU Yuyang, QIN Guobing, WU Chunling 2025, 41 (18):  33-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0005 Abstract + ( 42 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1232KB )   ( 17 ) The experiment explored the effects of different row ratios of corn and peanut strip compound planting on the growth of two crops, aiming to find a suitable row ratio and provide theoretical support for field production. Taking‘Yamei 1’ corn variety and ‘Heyou 16’peanut variety as materials, the corn and peanut strip compound planting experiment was set up with six different intercropping row ratios of 2:4, 2:6, 2:8, 4:4, 4:6 and 4:8 and corn monoculture and peanut monoculture (recorded as: C2P4, C2P6, C2P8, C4P4, C4P6, C4P8, CK1, CK2). A random block design was adopted, each replicated three times, totaling 24 experimental cells. The SPAD value of leaves, plant agronomic traits, yield and other related indicators were measured during crop growth period. Compared with the monoculture, the yield per unit area of the two crops decreased to varying degrees, and the SPAD values of the leaves of the corn and peanut seedlings were not significantly different. Under the premise of the fixed number of corn planting rows, with the increase of the number of peanut planting rows in the middle and late stages of the growth period, the SPAD value of corn leaves, the actual yield and the SPAD value of peanut leaves, hundred fruit weight, hundred kernel weight, kernel rate and actual yield all showed an upward trend. The SPAD value, ear height, grain number per ear and seed rate of the 2-row corn planting belt were higher than those of the 4-row corn planting belt. The plant height, the first lateral branch length, the number of green leaves harvested, single kernel fruits, double kernel fruits, unfilled fruits and other indicators of C4P4 treatment were the highest. There was no significant difference in ear diameter and 100-grain weight of corn, but the four rows of corn planting belt significantly increased the bald tip length. Therefore, C2P8 (2 rows of corn and 8 rows of peanut) was suitable for the strip compound planting production of corn and peanut, and C4P4 (4 rows of corn and 4 rows of peanut) was the worst.

  Analysis on Yield and Stability of New Fresh Broad Bean Varieties LI Yanlan, LI Chengchun, JIANG Xintong, ZHANG Na, HU Xinzhou, GAO Yuxi, LIU Jianjian, LUO Bin, LI Xiang, FANG Xiaodong, YANG Jincheng 2025, 41 (18):  40-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0406 Abstract + ( 36 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1108KB )   ( 9 ) In order to objectively evaluate the yield and stability of the tested varieties in the planting area, the combined analysis of variance and AMMI model were used to analyze the comprehensive performance of fresh pods of the three pilot varieties. The results showed that: (1) Tonghai pilot planting conditions ranked first, and the adaptability requirements for varieties were highest; Chengjiang pilot planting conditions ranked second, and the adaptability requirements for varieties were general; Yimen pilot planting conditions ranked third, the adaptability of varieties was low, and most varieties could be planted in regional points. (2) The top three varieties of fresh pod yield were 'Yudou No. 3', 'Yundou Zao 16' and 'Yundou Zao 6'. 'Yudou No. 3' had the best fresh pod yield, which was more prominent in Tonghai pilot, but it had poor stability and low resistance to unfavorable environment, so it was suitable for planting in good planting conditions. 'Yundou Zao 16' had good yield, good stability, good adaptability in the three pilot projects, and could be used to popularize planting in most regions; 'Yundou Zao 6' had the third highest yield, good stability, strong adaptability, and it could be popularize plant in most regions.

  Metabonomic Analysis of Panax notoginseng Leaves Under Drought Stress with Different Concentrations of PEG 6000 WANG Xiaojing, SUN Hongwei 2025, 41 (18):  47-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0275 Abstract + ( 43 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 5008KB )   ( 7 ) In order to understand the effects of drought stress with different concentrations of PEG6000 on metabolites and metabolic pathway of Panax notoginseng leaves, one-year-old Panax notoginseng were treated by natural drought (CK), 2.5% PEG6000 (HE), 5% PEG6000 (HM), and 7.5% PEG6000 (HK). The metabolites of Panax notoginseng leaves treated in different methods were measured by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology. The results showed that the metabolites of amino acids, glycerides, fatty acyl, nucleotides, lactones, organic acids, ketones and lipids were significantly up-regulated in expression under drought stress by 2.5% PEG 6000, and were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways such as glycerophosphate metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, nerve sheath lipid metabolism and polyketide unit biosynthesis. After drought stress by 5% PEG6000, the metabolites of alkaloids, amino acids, glycerophosphates, benzenes, lipids and heterocyclic compounds were significantly up-regulated in expression, and were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and zeatin biosynthesis. After drought stress by 7.5% PEG6000, the metabolites of flavonoids, glycerophosphates, lipids and heterocyclic compounds were significantly up-expressed in expression, and were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways such as secondary metabolites biosynthesis, porphyrin metabolism, riboflavin metabolism and β-alanine metabolism. The metabolites of Panax notoginseng leaves existed some differences under drought stress with different concentrations of PEG6000, and they responded to drought stress through different metabolic pathways, thus to improve their ability of drought resistance.

  A Comprehensive Evaluation of Cigar Leaf Quality at Different Harvest Times Based on Principal Component Analysis GUO Yidian, DING Songshuang, ZHANG Kai, QUAN Yihua, WANG Zhenhua, TAN Yonghao, PEI Yubing, SHI Xiangdong 2025, 41 (18):  57-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0024 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1304KB )   ( 3 ) In order to clarify the suitable harvesting time of Zhangjiajie cigar tobacco leaves, four harvesting times were set up, namely 10 days after topping (T1), 15 days after topping (T2), 20 days after topping (T3) and 25 days after topping (T4), and the chemical composition, appearance quality and sensory quality performance of fermented tobacco leaves were compared and analyzed. The principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the cigar leaves. The results showed that 5 principal components were successfully extracted from 29 tobacco quality evaluation indexes by using principal component analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate of the 5 principal components reached 90.363%. Therefore, the comprehensive evaluation function was established, and the comprehensive score of each treatment was found. It was found that the comprehensive score of cigar tobacco leaves in T4 treatment was the highest. In summary, 25 days after topping is the suitable harvest time for the middle leaves of Zhangjiajie cigars, and it is conducive to improving the quality of cigar leaves.

  Effects of Cultivation Methods on Growth and Quality of Water Spinach WEN Junli, CHEN Qin, GUO Yuanyuan, ZHANG Li, LI Yang, KANG Dexian, SONG Huanzhong, CHEN Zhendong 2025, 41 (18):  65-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0074 Abstract + ( 41 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1264KB )   ( 5 ) To investigate the effects of different cultivation methods on the growth and quality of different varieties of water spinach, ‘Daye baigu’, ‘Zhongye qingguliuye’ and ‘Bobai kongxincai’ were used as experimental materials to explore the effects of soil cultivation, perlite substrate cultivation, hydroponics, and floating cultivation of seedling trays methods in facilities. The results showed that all three varieties of water spinach had the fastest plant height growth rate under floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions, which could shorten the time from sowing to first harvest by 21-24 days compared to soil cultivation. In the early stage, the harvesting interval under floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions was the shortest, while in the later stage, the harvesting interval of perlite substrate cultivation had an advantage. The main stem thickness showed no significant difference between soil and perlite cultivation conditions in all three varieties, but was both significantly higher than those under hydroponic and floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions. The leaf length, petiole length, and number of leaves were the highest in soil cultivation, followed by perlite cultivation. Under soil cultivation conditions, the content of vitamin C and cellulose were higher, while the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein were lower. Under perlite cultivation conditions, the content of soluble protein and dry matter were higher, while the content of vitamin C was lower. Under hydroponic conditions, the content of soluble sugar and chlorophyll were higher. The comprehensive quality was shown as perlite substrate cultivation > hydroponic > soil cultivation > floating cultivation of seedling trays. Water spinach grew fastest under floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions, and had the best quality under perlite substrate cultivation conditions.

  Influences of Honeybee Colony Population and Beehive Location on Nectarine Pollination Effects in Greenhouse LI Lixin, ZHANG Yue, LEI Jia, WU Wenqing, SONG Huailei, SHEN Jinshan, MA Weihua 2025, 41 (18):  75-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0272 Abstract + ( 34 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1139KB )   ( 4 ) In order to determine the optimum honeybee density and the location of beehives for nectarine pollination in greenhouse, the experiment was carried out in a nectarine greenhouse in Wan'an Town, Xinjiang County, Shanxi Province In 2019, with the Apis mellifera ligustica as the test bee variety and ‘nectarine 99-2’ as the test nectarine variety. The number of honeybee visiting-flower and fruit setting rate with different comb counts and beehive locations in greenhouse were investigated. The results showed that the number of honeybee visiting-flower from the colonies of 5 combs, 4 combs and 3 combs were 126, 56 and 47 honeybees, respectively. Compared with 3 combs colony, the fruit setting rates of nectarine pollinated by 4 combs and 5 combs colonies increased by 6.71% and 8.06%, respectively. The number of visiting-flower honeybee was positively correlated with the comb number in colony, and the linear equation was y=6.5944x-13.6778. The closer to the hive, the more bees visit the flowers, and the farther away from the hive, the fewer bees visit the flowers. This study showed that 4 combs colony was suitable for pollinate nectarines in an 860 m2 greenhouse, and the hives should be placed in the middle of the greenhouse.

  Regulatory Effects of Attapulgite-based Biofertilizers on Growth of Continuous-Cropping Strawberry and Soil Environment LU Yuxin, XU Qian, Mao Rui, CHEN Taichun, FENG Zhizhen 2025, 41 (18):  80-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0171 Abstract + ( 43 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1774KB )   ( 14 ) This study aims to evaluate the regulatory effects of attapulgite-based biofertilizers on the growth of continuous cropping strawberry plants and soil environment. Using the strawberry cultivar ‘Hongyan’ as the experimental material, treatments were designed as follows: conventional fertilization (CK) and supplemental commercial organic fertilizer (T3) as controls, compared with supplemental attapulgite composite microbial fertilizer (T1) and attapulgite bio-organic fertilizer (T2). The results demonstrated that, compared to CK, T1 and T2 treatments significantly increased the yield of continuous cropping strawberries by 15.56% and 12.71%, respectively. Fruit quality was also improved, with soluble solids content elevated by 43.00% and 41.17%, and soluble sugar content increased by 31.40% and 26.32%, respectively. Additionally, both treatments markedly enhanced soil organic matter and invertase activity. Compared to CK, microbial community analysis revealed that T1 increased bacterial Chao and Shannon indices by 1.18-fold and 1.03-fold (P<0.01), while T2 elevated fungal Chao and Shannon indices by 1.72-fold and 1.14-fold (P<0.05). Furthermore, both treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of Glomeromycota while reducing Basidiomycota abundance (P<0.05). At the genus level, beneficial microorganisms such as Phenylobacterium sp., Linnemannia sp., and Chrysosporium sp. were enriched, whereas the pathogenic fungus Dactylonectria sp. was suppressed (P<0.05). These findings indicate that attapulgite-based biofertilizers effectively mitigate strawberry continuous cropping obstacles.

  Effects of Substrate Ratio, Spike Type and Rooting Agent on Rooting of Styrax japonicas Cuttings MO Fangshu, HE Jiamin, LI Wenzhong, CHEN Qin, LIU Minhao, XIAO Xingcui 2025, 41 (18):  90-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0019 Abstract + ( 39 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1534KB )   ( 10 ) To enhance rooting efficiency of Styrax japonicus cuttings, an orthogonal experimental design was conducted using current-season softwood and 1-year-old hardwood shoots. Five factors (substrate composition, cutting type, rooting hormone type, concentration, and immersion duration) were evaluated for their impacts on rooting performance. Results revealed a mixed rooting mechanism involving both callus and bark tissues, with root emergence occurring between 26-38 days post-cutting. Substrate type, cutting category, and hormone type demonstrated highly significant effects on rooting rate, normalized rooting rate, root count, and root length, while hormone concentration and immersion time significantly influenced root length. Optimization analysis prioritizing rooting rate identified the optimal conditions as: perlite: vermiculite (1:3) substrate, softwood cuttings, and treatment with 400 mg/L IBA solution for 60 minutes. Range analysis highlighted rooting hormone type as the most critical factor, followed by concentration, cutting type, substrate ratio, and immersion duration. Integrated findings recommended using a perlite: vermiculite (1:3) medium with softwood cuttings, pretreated in 400 mg/L IBA solution for 60 minutes, and conducted during spring for maximal propagation success.

  Responses of Soil Nematodes to Environmental Changes in Different Ecosystems GONG Aiqi, YANG Fuxiang, CHEN Xiuhua, LI Wenhao, TAN Wenfeng 2025, 41 (18):  99-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0072 Abstract + ( 40 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1220KB )   ( 6 ) As bioindicators, soil nematodes’ distribution patterns reflect soil-plant health. Environmental changes regulate nematode communities via resource-environment pathways, with impacts varying across ecosystems and disturbance durations. Studies indicated that these effects varied across ecosystem types, with differing responses to short-term and long-term disturbances. From the perspective of soil ecology, this review systematically examined the spatial heterogeneity of nematode distribution and their responses to typical environmental changes in forests, grasslands, farmlands, wetlands and deserts. Future research should focus on the effects of specific trophic groups of nematodes, comprehensively assess their roles across ecosystems and contribute to ecosystem sustainability.

  Research on Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Load in Aihe River Basin LIU Ziyan, ZHOU Panpan, HE Zhe, ZHANG Xueyong, JIANG Lei, HOU Wei 2025, 41 (18):  108-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0779 Abstract + ( 33 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1365KB )   ( 3 ) In recent years, the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Aihe River Basin has become prominent, and its water environment quality directly affects the drinking water safety of the downstream Dandong City. In this paper, the improved export coefficient model (IECM) was used to study the non-point source pollution status of the Aihe River Basin, and the nitrogen and phosphorus pollutant load of the Aihe River Basin was calculated. The results showed that in the output load of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of non-point source pollutants, planting sources contributed 62.2 % of total nitrogen and 51.5 % of total phosphorus, livestock and poultry breeding contributed 23.5 % of total nitrogen and 34.4 % of total phosphorus, and rural living sources contributed 14.3 % of total nitrogen and 14.1 % of total phosphorus. The research revealed that the pollution source of planting industry was an important source of pollution load, accounting for 61.2%. Livestock and poultry breeding was also an important source of pollution, accounting for 24.5 %. The contribution of rural life sources was relatively small, accounting for 14.3 %. Overall, the contribution rate of planting industry to river non-point source pollution was the largest, and the overall emission of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants had been increasing year by year. This paper studies the pollution status and formation mechanism of non-point source pollution in Aihe River Basin and puts forward measures, in order to lay a theoretical foundation for the precise implementation of non-point source pollution control in Aihe River Basin.

  Influence of Three Fermentation Inoculants on High-temperature Composting Efficiency of Fennel Straw HAN Yanghua, ZHANG Jing, LIU Dejiang, ZHOU Xinming, QIU Taoyu 2025, 41 (18):  118-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0755 Abstract + ( 37 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1122KB )   ( 12 ) To explore the influence of adding three different fermentation inoculants on the high temperature composting efficiency of fennel straw, five treatments were set up in this experiment, including treatment 1 (100 kg straw + 50 g Bacillus subtilis), treatment 2 (100 kg straw + 50 g Pseudomonas), treatment 3 (100 kg straw + 50 g EM bacteria), treatment 4 (100 kg straw + 25 g Bacillus subtilis + 25 g Pseudomonas), treatment 5 (100 kg straw without microbial agent natural fermentation, CK). The comparative experiment was conducted in the Chinese herbal medicine planting base in Aghdala Town of Qinghe County, Xinjiang, on the high-temperature composting fermentation performance of pure fennel straw (without any microbial agents) by adding Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, EM bacteria. The results showed that all three fermentation agents could significantly promote the fermentation rate of fennel straw, increase the temperature, humic acid content, seed germination rate and other maturity indicators of the compost. The order of maturity and quality of compost was Pseudomonas + Bacillus subtilis>Pseudomonas>Bacillus subtilis>EM bacteria>control (CK). Adding bactericides could significantly improve the degree of composting and maturation of fennel straw, and the combined fermentation effect of the two bactericides is better than that of a single strain.

  Review Analysis of Cover Crop Strategy for Enhancing Soil Carbon Sequestration and Nutrient Cycle LI Chenyi, JIA Liguo, QIN Yonglin, LIU Kun, TIAN Huan, SHI Xiaohua 2025, 41 (18):  123-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0054 Abstract + ( 40 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1070KB )   ( 21 ) Cover crops, as an effective measure of farmland management, have been widely recognized for their positive roles in preventing soil erosion, alleviating soil degradation, enhancing soil quality and reducing the input of pesticides and fertilizers. This paper comprehensively analyzed the effects of cover crops on controlling soil erosion, their impact on soil carbon pools and greenhouse gas emissions, their regulatory effects on soil nutrients and moisture, as well as their effectiveness in controlling pests, diseases and weeds. By reviewing and summarizing current research progress, this paper aimed to provide theoretical support for the improvement of cover crop planting technology and to offer scientific basis for the selection of cover crops and the trade-offs in ecological and environmental benefits. The study found that cover crops reduced the risk of water and wind erosion by improving soil physical properties, increased soil carbon storage, reduced nutrient loss, enhanced water retention capacity, and to some extent suppressed pests, diseases, and weeds. However, the impact of cover crops was complex, and their effects on soil moisture and nutrients needed to be weighed according to specific crop types and planting conditions. This paper emphasized the importance of cover crops in sustainable agricultural development and points out directions for future research.

  Influence of Adding Different Organic Materials with Equal Carbon Content on Aggregates and Organic Carbon Content of Sandy Soil LI Yuan, PENG Bo, WU Lianxia, XIA Weixin, LI Qingjun 2025, 41 (18):  130-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0752 Abstract + ( 39 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1119KB )   ( 13 ) Aiming to solve the problem of poor sandy soil in southern Xinjiang, soil carbon sequestration and fertilization experiments were carried out. Six groups of control treatments were set up, including NPK fertilizer without organic materials, NPK fertilizer+chicken manure (NPKJ), NPK fertilizer+cow manure (NPKN), NPK fertilizer+pig manure (NPKP), NPK fertilizer+corn straw compost (NPKY) and NPK fertilizer+biogas residue (NPKZ), and the effects of different organic materials with equal carbon content on soil aggregates, organic carbon and their active components were studied. The results for two consecutive years showed that the micro-aggregates with a particle size of <0.053 mm were the main ones in each treatment, and the effect on the aggregates of >0.25 mm were not significant. In 0-40 cm, the organic carbon in treatments with organic materials had no significant differences, but they were significantly higher than that of the NPK treatment. The soil active organic carbon content of each treatment was significantly higher than that of NPK treatment at 0-40 cm, particularly in NPKJ treatment at 0-20 cm, which increased by 110.42% compared to NPK, and there was no significant difference between treatments of 20-40 cm. After the input of organic materials, the soil microbial biomass carbon content at 0-40 cm of each treatment was significantly increased as well, and the NPKJ treatment of 0-20 cm soil layer was much higher than that of other treatments, which was 202.78% higher than that of NPK, and no significant differences were witnessed among treatments at 20-40 cm. The yield of tomato under chicken manure treatment was significantly better than that of other treatments, which was 12.45% higher than that of NPK. Based on the experiments, chicken manure treatment had the best effect on soil carbon sequestration and yield increase.

  Research on Climate Zoning of Rice Planting in Keyouzhongqi Banner of Inner Mongolia Based on GIS Technology MENG Qingxia, BAI Yuxuan, ZHANG Xu, JIN Ruimeng, WANG Wenjing 2025, 41 (18):  138-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0711 Abstract + ( 42 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1148KB )   ( 11 ) In the context of global climate change, the rice planting zoning in Keyouzhongqi Banner, Inner Mongolia was established. This article selected three highly correlated meteorological elements as zoning factors and developed climate zoning indicators for rice planting in Keyouzhongqi Banner. Based on ArcGIS geographic information system and digital elevation model, the observation data of accumulated temperature, frost free period, precipitation and other activities above 10℃ from the National Automatic Meteorological Observation Station and 42 regional automatic meteorological observation stations in Keyouzhongqi Banner from 1991 to 2020 were used. ArcGIS software was used to calculate spatial interpolation to obtain the spatial calculation conclusion of the zoning indicators. The rice planting meteorological area in Keyouzhongqi Banner was divided into three zones: suitable zone, sub suitable zone and unsuitable zone. Suitable areas should choose high-yielding, high-quality, and stress resistant mid to late maturing rice varieties with longer growth periods and high yield potential. The planting mode should adopt precision farming and large-scale planting to improve production efficiency; in the sub suitable areas, early maturing or mid maturing rice varieties with strong adaptability to drought, cold, and barrenness should be selected. The planting mode should adopt water-saving irrigation, intercropping, etc., and actively develop ecological agriculture; in unsuitable areas, rice varieties with strong stress tolerance or high resistance can be selected for improvement. In areas where rice cultivation is not suitable, measures such as converting paddy fields to dry fields can be taken to plant suitable crops. We should Strengthen land consolidation and soil improvement, gradually improve planting conditions, and develop other agricultural industries such as animal husbandry and forestry. The zoning results can provide an important basis for local optimization of rice layout, selection of suitable varieties and formulation of scientific planting strategies.

  Design of Agricultural Insurance Weather Index-Taking Highland Barley in Xigazê City as An Example GAN Chenlong, SUONA Quzhen, ZHOU Kanshe, ZHAXI Dunzhu, SHI Jiqing, PUBU Duoji, YIXI Zhuoma, WANG Yong 2025, 41 (18):  143-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0352 Abstract + ( 45 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1207KB )   ( 17 ) In order to construct precise agricultural meteorological insurance products and reduce the risk of barley planting in plateau areas, the meteorological data of Xigazê City from 1981 to 2020 were used to analyze the types of disasters in each growth period of spring barley, and the key disasters weather indices were determined. After screening, it was determined that the key meteorological disasters affecting the yield of spring barley were seedling-tillering stage frost, tillering-booting stage drought, booting-heading stage continuous overcast and rain, heading-flowering stage continuous overcast and rain, and mature-harvesting stage continuous cast and rain, and the barley weather indices such as frost index, drought index, continuous overcast and rain index 1, continuous overcast and rain index 2 and continuous overcast and rain index 3 were determined accordingly. The results showed that: (1) using the weather index in the planting of barley in Xigazê City from 1981 to 2000, the compensation amount fluctuated greatly, and the compensation amount was greater than the insurance premium in most years. (2) During the period of 1981-2022, the values with high frequency of occurrence of the drought index DI were 2 and 3; the values with high frequency of occurrence of the frost damage index FDI were 1 and 2; the continuous rain day index CRI1 was 0 for most years; the years with the value of 0 and 1 were relatively more for the continuous rain day index CRI2; the value fluctuation of the continuous rain day index CRI3 was relatively large. The spring highland barley planting weather index insurance product was designed and developed, and the compensation trigger value and compensation amount of different weather indexes were determined, which was helpful to identify the main agricultural meteorological disaster risk during the growth period of highland barley, and effectively made up for the deficiency of traditional agricultural insurance. The composite weather index insurance product provides a new method for the exploration of agricultural weather index insurance, which helps the promotion and application of weather index insurance.

  Climate Suitability Analysis of Potato in Ningxia Under Background of Climate Change WANG Yating, WU Zhiqi, ZHANG Lianhua, WANG Xianli 2025, 41 (18):  150-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0218 Abstract + ( 38 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1397KB )   ( 12 ) Potatoes represent the primary crop in Ningxia, serving as a pivotal industry for rural revitalization in the region. Leveraging agricultural meteorological data and daily weather records from potato planting areas in Ningxia, this paper employs a climate suitability assessment model. A spatiotemporal analysis of the climate suitability characteristics for potatoes in Ningxia is conducted. The findings reveal that, examining the comprehensive suitability index ratios for different decades during various developmental stages, the past decade demonstrates a relatively balanced average suitability index across different growth stages, followed by the 1970s. In contrast, other decades exhibit significant variations in suitability index ratios during different growth stages, with one or more stages showing lower suitability. Poor coordination of light, temperature, and water is identified as a climatic factor contributing to the pronounced inter-decadal fluctuations in potato yields. Under the backdrop of climate change, with increased heat resources, early-maturing plastic-mulched potatoes can be sown slightly later. Later flowering helps avoid high-temperature drought during flowering while coinciding with increased precipitation. Provided that the heat resources are sufficient to ensure maturity, sowing slightly later can also be beneficial for increasing yield. Spatially, the extremely suitable areas for potato cultivation include the entire territories of Haiyuan County and Xiji County, as well as most regions of Longde County, Jingyuan County, and Yuanzhou District, except for the high-altitude Liupan Mountain ridge, and the western part of Pengyang County. These regions have relatively favorable precipitation conditions, and although the sunshine is slightly less, it can still meet the growth requirements of potatoes. The suitable areas are in the majority of Tongxin County and the eastern part of Pengyang County. However, Tongxin County has less precipitation, which restricts the growth of potatoes and makes its climatic resources inferior to the previous region. The relatively suitable area is in the southern part of Yanchi County, where precipitation is scarce and droughts are common. The northern part of Yanchi County is an unsuitable area. The research results have scientific guiding significance for actual potato production and can provide scientific support for the layout and quality improvement of the potato industry.

  Wild Resources Investigation and Molecular Identification of Morels in Yongxing LI Yinshuang, LI Xiaohua, CHEN Zhen, SU Yinsen, WANG Chunguang, LI Yanqiong, DOU Huaqiang, LI Qian, WANG Zuoqiang 2025, 41 (18):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0026 Abstract + ( 42 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2055KB )   ( 7 ) In order to accurately master the wild morel species distributed in Yongxing Township, Chuxiong Prefecture and their occurrence patterns, to promote the long-term protection, utilization, cultivation and domestication research of local wild morel resources, a survey of wild morel resources was conducted at five locations including Naruan, Xiaozhuang, Guanyinsi, Huiba, and Lagu in the Yongxing area. Combined with the morphological characteristics of the fruiting bodies, molecular identification technology was used to conduct molecular identification and naming of the selected five samples. The results showed that the fruiting time of wild morels in the Yongxing area was from the end of September to the second half of October, and they mostly occurred 1-3 days after rainfall. The growth environment was mainly broad-leaved mixed forests dominated by oak trees and birch trees. Constructing a phylogenetic tree based only on ITS indicated that the five morel samples all belonged to the yellow morel group, but all species within the genus Morchella cannot be accurately distinguished. Using the multi-gene lineage consistency species identification method to construct a phylogenetic tree based on the combination of ITS+LSU+EF1-a+RPB1+RPB2 showed that the morels distributed in the Yongxing area were two yellow lineage species, Morchella sp. Mes-15 and Morchella sp. Mes-19, which was the first report.