Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Yield and Quality of Waxy Corn, Soil Fertility and Economic Benefits

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0107

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the issues of declining grain quality and deteriorating soil chemical properties caused by irrational fertilization practices in waxy corn production, a field experiment was conducted using the new waxy corn cultivar ‘Jinuo 23’ to investigate the synergistic effects of five fertilization methods on yield formation, nutritional quality, soil fertility and economic benefits. The results indicated significant variations in the synergistic mechanisms of different fertilization treatments on maize growth and soil improvement, with comprehensive fertilizer efficiency ranking as followed: organic-inorganic combined application (chicken manure+NPK)> controlled-release specialized fertilizer> high-nitrogen compound fertilizer> urea-only application> no-fertilization control (CK). Compared with CK, all fertilization treatments increased yield by 12.1%-32.5%, with the organic-inorganic combined regime (chicken manure+NPK) exhibiting optimal agronomic regulation effects. This treatment significantly enhanced soil organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium content, improved ear traits (increased ear length and kernel number per ear while reducing barren tip length), and elevated both flavor and nutritional quality. This treatment increased single ear weight by 13.7% and fresh ear yield by 18.2% compared with urea-only treatment, with respective increments of 21.2%, 8.3%, 15.5%, 29.8% and 10.3% observed in crude protein, crude fat, crude starch, soluble solids and lysine contents. This approach generated an additional net profit of 4518.9 yuan/hm². Under the experimental conditions, the combined application of chicken manure and high-nitrogen compound fertilizer effectively coordinated the interactions among yield, quality and soil fertility in waxy corn production. The revealed synergistic mechanisms provide a reliable fertilization strategy and agronomic regulation approach for green and efficient waxy corn production in Shandong Province.

Key words: waxy corn, fertilization methods, yield, nutritional quality, soil fertility, economic benefits

HAN Chengwei, HAO Futing, FU Guilin, XUE Faxin, ZHANG Yan, SONG Chunlin, WU Qiuping, JIANG Fei. Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Yield and Quality of Waxy Corn, Soil Fertility and Economic Benefits[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(22): 7-12.

Figures/Tables 5

References 28

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处理	穗长/cm	穗粗/cm	秃尖/cm	单穗重/(g/穗)	穗数/(穗/hm²)	穗粒数/(粒/穗)	千粒重/g	鲜穗产量/(kg/hm²)
不施肥(CK)	16.9b	4.6b	2.1a	220.5d	49650a	465.8d	305.5c	11688.0d
尿素	18.5ab	5.0a	0.9b	258.3c	49873a	495.2c	323.4b	13102.5c
专用控释肥	19.7a	4.8a	0.4b	283.1ab	50537a	534.5b	337.2ab	14115.2b
高氮复合肥	19.3a	5.0a	0.7b	277.9b	50102a	520.5bc	334.7ab	13744.8bc
有机肥+NPK	20.8a	5.1a	0.2c	293.7a	50625a	565.1a	343.8a	15486.0a

处理	穗长/cm	穗粗/cm	秃尖/cm	单穗重/(g/穗)	穗数/(穗/hm²)	穗粒数/(粒/穗)	千粒重/g	鲜穗产量/(kg/hm²)
不施肥(CK)	16.9b	4.6b	2.1a	220.5d	49650a	465.8d	305.5c	11688.0d
尿素	18.5ab	5.0a	0.9b	258.3c	49873a	495.2c	323.4b	13102.5c
专用控释肥	19.7a	4.8a	0.4b	283.1ab	50537a	534.5b	337.2ab	14115.2b
高氮复合肥	19.3a	5.0a	0.7b	277.9b	50102a	520.5bc	334.7ab	13744.8bc
有机肥+NPK	20.8a	5.1a	0.2c	293.7a	50625a	565.1a	343.8a	15486.0a

取样时间	处理	有机质/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
试验前		1.29a	67.5bc	37.2b	75.0b
试验后	不施肥(CK)	1.26a	49.0d	30.7c	58.2d
	尿素	1.32a	63.8c	34.6bc	64.9c
	专用控释肥	1.38a	74.7ab	47.1a	92.6a
	高氮复合肥	1.35a	81.2a	45.0a	84.1ab
	有机肥+NPK	1.40a	77.3a	50.5a	90.4a

取样时间	处理	有机质/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
试验前		1.29a	67.5bc	37.2b	75.0b
试验后	不施肥(CK)	1.26a	49.0d	30.7c	58.2d
	尿素	1.32a	63.8c	34.6bc	64.9c
	专用控释肥	1.38a	74.7ab	47.1a	92.6a
	高氮复合肥	1.35a	81.2a	45.0a	84.1ab
	有机肥+NPK	1.40a	77.3a	50.5a	90.4a

处理	粗蛋白(干基)/%	粗脂肪(干基)/%	粗淀粉(干基)/%	可溶性固形物(湿基)/%	赖氨酸/(μg/mg)
不施肥(CK)	7.31c	4.79b	44.97c	9.3b	4.09c
尿素	8.72b	5.73ab	50.49b	10.4b	4.56bc
专用控释肥	10.65a	5.94a	56.64a	11.9ab	5.21a
高氮复合肥	9.98ab	6.37a	54.23ab	12.7a	4.78ab
有机肥+NPK	10.57a	6.10a	58.31a	13.5a	5.03a