Alien-Derived Progeny Populations of Wheat from Qinghai Plateau: Genetic Variation Analysis of Agronomic and Seed Traits

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0324

Abstract

Abstract:

To improve disease resistance and yield of spring wheat in the Qinghai Plateau, an F₄ population was constructed using the elite local cultivar 'Gaoyuan 448' as the female parent and the CIMMYT disease-resistant germplasm 'Mucuy' as the male parent. Systematic analysis of 145 families revealed abundant variation in agronomic traits, with coefficients of variation for plant height, tiller number, spike length, spikelet number per spike, and grain number per spike being 11.67%, 54.09%, 14.74%, 11.58%, and 27.14%, respectively; among grain traits, grain area and perimeter showed variations of 24.54% and 9.39%. Correlation analysis indicated highly significant positive correlations (P<0.01) between grain number per spike and grain size traits (area r=0.55, perimeter r=0.57) as well as spikelet number (r=0.37). Principal component analysis extracted four principal components (cumulative contribution rate 83.117%), with grain morphology indicators contributing 46.824%. Based on comprehensive membership function values, 25 elite lines (comprehensive index >5.0) were selected, combining field evaluation for adult-plant resistance to stripe rust, seven lines were developed that integrate the high-yield spike architecture of 'Gaoyuan 448' (with >16 spikelets per spike and >44 grains per spike) and the disease resistance characteristics of 'Mucuy'. This study provides novel germplasm resources and theoretical support for breeding disease-resistant and high-yielding wheat cultivars in Qinghai.

Key words: Qinghai Plateau wheat, CIMMYT spring wheat, 'Gaoyuan 448', agronomic traits, grain traits, genetic variation, superior line selection, comprehensive trait weighting analysis

LIU Shufeng, SHEN Jicheng, YANG Youlai, LIU Ruijuan, CHEN Wenjie, LIU Demei. Alien-Derived Progeny Populations of Wheat from Qinghai Plateau: Genetic Variation Analysis of Agronomic and Seed Traits[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(27): 11-20.

Figures/Tables 9

References 30

[1]	程大志, 鲍新奎, 陈政. 柴达木盆地春小麦高额丰产形态生理指标的初步探讨[J]. 中国农业科学, 1979(2):29-39.
[2]	姚强, 郭青云, 闫佳会, 等. 青海东部麦区小麦条锈菌越冬调查初报[J]. 植物保护学报, 2014, 41(5):578-583.
[3]	PINGALI P L(Eds). CIMMYT 1989-1999 world wheat facts and trends. Global wheat research in a changing world:challenges and achievements[M]. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.1999.
[4]	张勇, 吴振录, 张爱民, 等. CIMMYT小麦在中国春麦区的适应性分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2006(4):655-663.
[5]	何中虎, 夏先春. CIMMYT小麦引进研究与创新利用[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2016.
[6]	LIU D M, YUAN C, SINGH R P, et al. Stripe rust and leaf rust resistance in CIMMYT wheat line "Mucuy" conferred by combinations of race-specifific and adult-plant resistance loci[J]. Frontiers in plant science, 2022, 13:880138.
[7]	刘德梅, 秦明欣, 陈文杰, 等. Yr17/Lr37与Yr29/Lr46基因在青海高原小麦改良中的聚合效应分析[J/OL]. 分子植物育种, http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/46.1068.S.20250627.1334.004.html, 2025.
[8]	PETERSON R E, CAMPBELL A B, HANNAH A E. A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity on leaves and stems of cereals[J]. Canada journal research, 1948, 26(5):496-500.
[9]	LAN C X, ZHANG Y L, HERRERA-FOESSEL S A, et al. Identification and characterization of pleiotropic and co-located resistance loci to leaf rust and stripe rust in bread wheat cultivar Sujata[J]. Theoretical and applied genetics, 2015, 128(3):549-561. doi: 10.1007/s00122-015-2454-8 pmid: 25613742
[10]	李立会, 李秀全, 杨欣明. 小麦种质资源描述规范和数据标准[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2006.
[11]	王应党, 任自超, 王冲, 等. 基于8个农艺性状的黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)综合评价[J]. 河北农业科学, 2023, 27(6):41-48.
[12]	刘朝辉, 李江伟, 乔庆洲, 等. 黄淮南片小麦产量构成因素的相关分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2013, 1(5):58-61.
[13]	吴振录, 张勇, 何中虎, 等. CIMMYT小麦在中国的产量和品质表现[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2004, 1(3):34-39.
[14]	金艳, 马红珍, 宋全昊, 等. CIMMYT小麦种质资源在黄淮麦区引种的遗传多样性综合评价[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2024, 52(2):46-51.
[15]	BLUM A. Photosynthesis and transpiration in leaves and ears of wheat and barley varieties[J]. Journal of experimental botany, 1985, 36(3):432-440.
[16]	杨晓雨, 马指挥, 魏青, 等. 一个小麦芒长基因的初步定位及候选基因预测[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(1):14-23. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240253
[17]	李玲, 刘盼, 张蕾, 等. 小麦芒基因定位及其与农艺性状的相关性分析[J]. 植物遗传资源学报, 2021, 22(1):102-114.
[18]	董连生. 2019—2023年国审小麦品种生育期、株高与品质的变化趋势分析[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2024, 30(6):5-12.
[19]	倪永静, 姜晓君, 卢祖权, 等. 30份国内外小麦种质资源主要农艺性状的分析与评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(3):16-22. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700380
[20]	KEBROM T H, CHANDLER P M, SWAIN S M, et al. Inhibition of tiller bud outgrowth in the tin mutant of wheat is associated with precocious internode development[J]. Plant physiology, 2012, 160(1):308-318. doi: 10.1104/pp.112.197954 pmid: 22791303
[21]	张雅菁, 史平, 孙柳青, 等. 昆山地区偏迟播小麦穗数与产量的相关性分析[J]. 耕作与栽培, 2023, 43(1):35-38.
[22]	SUN H. Genetic analysis of grain shape and size in a Chinese wheat population[J]. Journal of cereal science, 2018,82:87-95.
[23]	ZHANG Y. Association mapping of grain shape and size in a large wheat panel[J]. Theoretical and applied genetics, 2009, 128(12):2597-2610.
[24]	MARASAS C N, SMALE M, SINGH R P. The impact of agricultural maintenance research: the case of leaf rust resistance breeding in CIMMYT-related spring bread wheat[A].CD-ROM Proceeding Internal Congress on Impacts of Agricultural Research and Development[C]. San José: the International Conference on Impacts of Agricultural Research and Development, 2002.
[25]	SINGH R P, WILLIAM H M, HUERTA-ESPINO J, et al. Wheat rust in Asia: Meeting the challenges with old and new technologies//New Directions for a Diverse Planet[A]. Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress[C]. Brisbane:CDROM, 2004.
[26]	SINGH R P, RAJARAM S. Genetics of adult-plant resistance to leaf rust in ‘Frontana’ and three CIMMYT wheats[J]. Genome, 1992,35:24-31.
[27]	SINGH R P, KAZI-MUJEEB A, HUERTA-ESPINO J. Lr46: a gene conferring slow rusting resistance to leaf rust in wheat[J]. Phytopathology, 1998,88:890-894.
[28]	WILLIAM H M, SINGH R P, HUERTA-ESPINO J, et al. Molecular marker mapping of leaf rust resistance gene Lr46 and its association with stripe rust resistance gene Yr29 in wheat[J]. Phytopathology, 2003,93:153-159.
[29]	何中虎, 兰彩霞, 陈新民, 等. 小麦条锈病和白粉病成株抗性研究进展与展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(11):2193-2215.
[30]	邹裕春, 杨武云, 朱华忠, 等. CIMMYT种质及育种技术在四川小麦品种改良中的利用[J]. 西南农业学报, 2007(2):183-190.

性状	平均值	变异范围	方差	变异系数/%
株高/cm	84.39	59.33~118.88	97.03	11.67
分蘖数/个	1.61	1.00~6.50	0.75	54.09
穗长/cm	13.41	9.67~21.00	3.91	14.74
小穗数/个	17.15	8.00~22.00	3.94	11.58
穗粒数/个	57.79	2.00~97.00	245.99	27.14
粒面积/mm²	10.66	3.11~17.77	6.85	24.54
粒周长/mm	14.26	8.80~17.17	1.79	9.39
长宽比	2.13	1.60~2.69	0.03	8.17
粒长/mm	5.45	3.29~6.83	0.35	10.89
粒宽/mm	2.65	1.15~3.54	0.13	13.85

性状	平均值	变异范围	方差	变异系数/%
株高/cm	84.39	59.33~118.88	97.03	11.67
分蘖数/个	1.61	1.00~6.50	0.75	54.09
穗长/cm	13.41	9.67~21.00	3.91	14.74
小穗数/个	17.15	8.00~22.00	3.94	11.58
穗粒数/个	57.79	2.00~97.00	245.99	27.14
粒面积/mm²	10.66	3.11~17.77	6.85	24.54
粒周长/mm	14.26	8.80~17.17	1.79	9.39
长宽比	2.13	1.60~2.69	0.03	8.17
粒长/mm	5.45	3.29~6.83	0.35	10.89
粒宽/mm	2.65	1.15~3.54	0.13	13.85

Traits	PH	TN	SL	SN	SGN	GN	GC	L/W	GL	GW
PH	1
TN	0.263^**	1
SL	0	0	1
SN	0	0	0.434^**	1
SGN	0.242^**	0	0.219^**	0.370^**	1
GN	0.217^*	0	0.295^**	0.242^**	0.547^**	1
GC	0.203^*	0	0.328^**	0.256^**	0.568^**	0.945^**	1
L/W	-0.353^**	0	0	0	-0.246^**	-0.469^**	-0.333^**	1
GL	0	0	0.346^**	0.239^**	0.538^**	0.931^**	0.957^**	0	1
GW	0.296^**	0	0.229^**	0.223^*	0.526^	0.954^**	0.896^**	-0.691^**	0.808^**	1

Traits	PH	TN	SL	SN	SGN	GN	GC	L/W	GL	GW
PH	1
TN	0.263^**	1
SL	0	0	1
SN	0	0	0.434^**	1
SGN	0.242^**	0	0.219^**	0.370^**	1
GN	0.217^*	0	0.295^**	0.242^**	0.547^**	1
GC	0.203^*	0	0.328^**	0.256^**	0.568^**	0.945^**	1
L/W	-0.353^**	0	0	0	-0.246^**	-0.469^**	-0.333^**	1
GL	0	0	0.346^**	0.239^**	0.538^**	0.931^**	0.957^**	0	1
GW	0.296^**	0	0.229^**	0.223^*	0.526^	0.954^**	0.896^**	-0.691^**	0.808^**	1

成分	初始特征值			提取平方和载入
成分	总计	方差百分比	累积/%	总计	方差百分比	累积/%
1	4.682	46.824	46.824	4.682	46.824	46.824
2	1.378	13.784	60.608	1.378	13.784	60.608
3	1.225	12.254	72.862	1.225	12.254	72.862
4	1.025	10.254	83.117	1.025	10.254	83.117
5	0.696	6.964	90.08
6	0.531	5.309	95.389
7	0.407	4.071	99.46
8	0.046	0.463	99.923
9	0.005	0.048	99.971
10	0.003	0.029	100