Artificial Simulation of Environmental Factors in Deep Underground Systems: Dynamic Response and Adaptive Regulation of Nicotiana benthamiana During Critical Sensitivity Periods

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0228

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the dynamic changes and adaptive control mechanisms of sensitive periods in plants in deep underground environments, Nicotiana benthamiana was used as a model to study its environmental response mechanisms. An orthogonal experimental design was implemented to regulate light intensity (4000-12000 Lux), temperature (20-30℃), and humidity (60-80% RH). Growth and physiological parameters including plant height and leaf area were quantitatively measured, and environmental sensitivity characteristics were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The cycle of Nicotiana benthamiana could be divided into germination-rapid growth period (1-14 d), rapid growth-stable period (15-62 d) and stable-mature period (63-76 d). PCA analysis showed that PC₁-PC₂ cumulatively explained 58.6% of the variation, of which PC₁ (44.90%) was mainly related to light intensity and leaf area, and PC₂ (13.70%) was mainly related to soil redox potential (Eh) and temperature. Plants were highly sensitive to the environment in the early stage of growth (1-62 d), especially to light and temperature. The average daily plant height growth in the 12000 Lux group was 4.82 ± 0.15 mm, which was 17.0% higher than that in the 8000 Lux group. The environmental sensitivity transition point occurred on day 63^rd, marking a shift from environment-dependent growth to physiology-regulated growth. Optimized cultivation conditions of 20℃-25℃, 70%-80% RH, and 8000-12000 Lux significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen assimilation capacity. Under this condition, the photosynthetic-nitrogen metabolism coupling efficiency of the plant was the best, the chlorophyll content was 28.3% higher than that of the 30℃/60% RH/4000 Lux control group, and the nitrogen assimilation capacity was increased by 31.5%. This study revealed plant adaptation mechanisms in extreme environments, providing theoretical insights for environmental regulation in deep subsurface plant cultivation and advancing foundational theories for deep underground agriculture.

Key words: deep underground environment, Nicotiana benthamiana, environmental sensitivity, orthogonal experiment, principal component analysis

ZHANG Yujing, ZHANG Qing’ao, HE Yuxin, TAN Xiao, TAN Bo. Artificial Simulation of Environmental Factors in Deep Underground Systems: Dynamic Response and Adaptive Regulation of Nicotiana benthamiana During Critical Sensitivity Periods[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(27): 135-141.

Figures/Tables 6

References 32

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