Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Gynophores and Pods Development and Yield of Spring Peanut

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0766

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different cultivation modes on the development of peanut gynophores and pods and to increase the yield of peanut, the effects of three cultivation methods were systematically studied with ‘Weihua 21’ peanut cultivar as the research object. The three cultivation methods included pen-frame ridging + double seed hole sowing, conventional ridging + single seed precision sowing, pen-frame ridging + single seed precision sowing, with the conventional flat ridge double seed sowing as the control. The results showed that pen-frame ridging could improve the total number of gynophores in each period, and each treatment could improve the rate of gynophores buried penetration in each period obviously; Three treatments could increase the number, proportion and burial rate of gynophores in the second and third lateral branches, and reduce the number, proportion and burial rate of gynophores in the main stem compared with CK; pen-frame ridging could increase the number and proportion of short gynophores and medium gynophores, pen-frame ridging and single seed precision sowing could reduce the number of long gynophores, increase the number of double-pod and single-pod, and reduce the number of ineffective-pod, all treatments could increase peanut yield by 11.65%, 4.57%, 24.52%, and the effect of pen-frame ridging + single seed precision sowing was the most obviously. To sum up, pen-frame ridging and single-grain precision sowing can promote the development of peanut gynophores and pods, and increase the yield. Pen-frame ridging + single seed precision sowing has the most significant effect on improving the yield, which is suitable for popularization in production.

Key words: peanut, pen-frame ridging, single seed precision sowing, gynophores, pod, yield

GAO Minghui, BI Haibin, ZHUO Ma, YANG Ping, NIU Zhonglei, ZHANG Haijuan, GONG Suxia, GONG Fajiang, WANG Dongfeng, QI Gui, LI Na. Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Gynophores and Pods Development and Yield of Spring Peanut[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(27): 28-35.

Figures/Tables 8

References 24

[1]	廖伯寿. 我国花生生产发展现状与潜力分析[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2020, 42(2):161-166.
[2]	厉广辉, 郭鑫, 孙艳斌, 等. 盐胁迫下不同花生品种的类黄酮含量和抗氧化酶活性[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2023, 45(4):803-809. doi: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2022139
[3]	刘娟, 汤丰收, 张俊, 等. 国内花生生产技术现状及发展趋势研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2017, 33(22):13-18. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050016
[4]	梁晓艳, 郭峰, 张佳蕾, 等. 适宜密度单粒精播提高花生碳氮代谢酶活性及荚果产量与籽仁品质[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2016, 38(3):336-343. doi: 10.7505/j.issn.1007-9084.2016.03.010
[5]	庞茹月, 孔洁, 杨富军, 等. 栽培方式对夏直播花生功能叶片氮素代谢的影响[J]. 花生学报, 2021, 50(3):34-39.
[6]	孙民, 马美娟. 不同种植方式高油酸花生小气候特征研究[J]. 气象与环境科学, 2023, 46(5):41-50.
[7]	万书波, 张佳蕾, 张智猛. 花生种植技术的重大变革——单粒精播[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2020, 42(6):927-933.
[8]	张佳蕾, 张雷, 林英杰, 等. 单粒精播对花生生物学特性的影响[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2020, 42(6):960-969.
[9]	陈雷, 范小玉, 张枫叶, 等. 单粒精播密度对垄作夏花生生长发育和产量品质的影响[J]. 花生学报, 2021, 50(3):26-33.
[10]	张俊, 陶群, 崔亚男, 等. 种植模式对夏播高油酸花生生殖发育及产量的影响[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2023, 45(4):810-816. doi: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2022133
[11]	梁新波, 张晨, 张冠初, 等. 起垄种植模式对花生生长发育和光合生理特性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(15):20-25. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0494
[12]	傅惠林, 董露琳, 唐康, 等. 施钙和起垄对低钙耐性差异花生品种光合性能与产量的影响[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2023, 45(5):996-1005. doi: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2022187
[13]	MOCTEZUMA E. The peanut gynophore: a developmental and physiological perspective[J]. Canadian journal of botany, 2003, 81(3):183-190.
[14]	蒋菁. 一种促使花生果针地上结果的方法[Z].广西壮族自治区,广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所,2015-09-16.
[15]	李长生, 夏晗, 赵传志, 等. 花生果针离体培养研究[J]. 山东农业科学, 2015, 47(6):8-11.
[16]	王雅丽, 潘瑞炽, 陈惜吟, 等. 花生子房柄的结构及其伸长生长的研究[J]. Journal of integrative plant biology, 1983(2):136-141,205-206.
[17]	刘文文, 王建国, 万书波, 等. 花生荚果发育及其调控研究进展[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2020, 42(6):940-950.
[18]	张树伟, 郑泽宇, 高泽文, 等. 不同外界因素对花生果针膨大的影响[J]. 山西农业科学, 2013, 41(2):133-135.
[19]	ZAMSKI E, MEIRA Z. Pod formation and its geotropic orientation in the peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. in relation to light and mechanical stimulus[J]. Annals of botany, 1976(3):631-636.
[20]	潘瑞炽, 陈惜吟, 罗蕴秀. 花生入地结荚原因的研究[J]. 植物生理学报, 1983(2):109-116.
[21]	赵长星, 邵长亮, 王月福, 等. 单粒精播模式下种植密度对花生群体生态特征及产量的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2013, 3(2):1-5.
[22]	梁晓艳, 郭峰, 张佳蕾, 等. 单粒精播对花生冠层微环境、光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(12):3700-3706.
[23]	衣婷婷, 唐朝辉, 王建国, 等. 外源钙与丛枝菌根真菌协同对连作花生产量和品质的影响[J]. 山东农业科学, 2023, 55(11):144-150.
[24]	张俊, 汤丰收, 刘娟, 等. 不同种植方式夏花生开花物候与结果习性[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2015, 23(8):979-986.

处理	不同长度果针数量
	<7 cm			7~14 cm			>14 cm
	数量	占比/%	增比/%	数量	占比/%	增比/%	数量	占比/%	增比/%
CK	36.48b	64.37	-	15.61b	27.54	-	4.58a	8.08	-
T₁	36.60b	60.66	0.33	21.95a	36.38	40.61	1.79c	2.97	-60.92
T₂	36.52b	70.69	0.11	12.57c	24.33	-19.47	2.57b	4.89	-43.89
T₃	48.67a	75.27	33.42	15.27b	23.61	-2.18	0.72d	1.12	-84.28

处理	不同长度果针数量
	<7 cm			7~14 cm			>14 cm
	数量	占比/%	增比/%	数量	占比/%	增比/%	数量	占比/%	增比/%
CK	36.48b	64.37	-	15.61b	27.54	-	4.58a	8.08	-
T₁	36.60b	60.66	0.33	21.95a	36.38	40.61	1.79c	2.97	-60.92
T₂	36.52b	70.69	0.11	12.57c	24.33	-19.47	2.57b	4.89	-43.89
T₃	48.67a	75.27	33.42	15.27b	23.61	-2.18	0.72d	1.12	-84.28

处理	双果			单果			无效果			荚果总数 /个	增比/%
处理	数量/个	占比/%	增比/%	数量/个	占比/%	增比/%	数量/个	占比/%	增比/%	荚果总数 /个	增比/%
CK	11.8d	38.97	-	3.6c	11.89	-	14.88a	49.14	-	30.28b	-
T₁	13.92b	45.93	17.97	4.6a	15.18	27.78	11.79c	38.90	-20.77	30.31b	0.10
T₂	12.67c	41.72	7.37	3.87bc	12.74	7.50	13.83ab	45.54	-7.06	30.37b	0.30
T₃	15.83a	48.20	34.15	4.33ab	13.19	20.28	12.68bc	38.61	-14.78	32.84a	8.45

处理	双果			单果			无效果			荚果总数 /个	增比/%
处理	数量/个	占比/%	增比/%	数量/个	占比/%	增比/%	数量/个	占比/%	增比/%	荚果总数 /个	增比/%
CK	11.8d	38.97	-	3.6c	11.89	-	14.88a	49.14	-	30.28b	-
T₁	13.92b	45.93	17.97	4.6a	15.18	27.78	11.79c	38.90	-20.77	30.31b	0.10
T₂	12.67c	41.72	7.37	3.87bc	12.74	7.50	13.83ab	45.54	-7.06	30.37b	0.30
T₃	15.83a	48.20	34.15	4.33ab	13.19	20.28	12.68bc	38.61	-14.78	32.84a	8.45

处理	百果重	增比/%	百仁重/g	增比/%	出米率/%	增比/%	产量/(kg/hm²)	增产/%
CK	242.44b	-	100.87b	-	72.10b	-	6905.41c	-
T₁	253.75ab	8.65	102.03b	1.15	72.13b	0.04	7709.74b	11.65
T₂	244.62b	0.90	100.90b	0.03	72.26b	0.23	7221.21c	4.57
T₃	263.40a	4.67	107.71a	6.78	73.20a	1.53	8867.18a	24.52