Abstract:

Global warming is intensifying, and the concentrations of greenhouse gases released from soils into the atmosphere, such as methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and nitrous oxide (N₂O), are increasing, making the control of greenhouse gas emissions more important. Paddy soil, as a significant source and sink of greenhouse gases, plays a crucial role in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles; consequently, research on carbon sequestration and emission reduction in paddy soils has attracted widespread attention. To address the demand for greenhouse gas emission control under global warming and to clarify the key role of paddy-field soil in carbon and nitrogen cycling while providing references for its carbon sequestration and emission reduction, this review summarizes the classifications, mechanisms, and hazards of greenhouse gases associated with global warming, outlines the current status of research on carbon sequestration-related microbiology in paddy soils (including microbial fixation of CO₂, oxidation of CH₄, methane-oxidizing microorganisms, and their coupling with denitrification metabolism), and analyzes the achievements and gaps in the field. The main issues in current research are identified: (1) investigations into the community characteristics, sequestration potential, and driving factors of carbon-sequestering microorganisms in paddy soil are not sufficiently in-depth; (2) under new contexts such as climate change, the mechanisms by which soil microbiota respond to carbon sequestration remain unclear; (3) the effects of human agricultural practices on soil carbon-sequestering microorganisms require further investigation.

Key words: paddy soil, global warming, carbon sequestration, carbon-nitrogen coupling, soil microorganism