Abstract: Henan Province is the main wheat planting area in China, which is accounted for 1/4 of area and output. Therefore, wheat production and development in Henan province affects the whole country seriously. This paper discussed the wheat development of Henan province since 1949 by using statistical data in combine with practice. The results showed that during the 58 years, the wheat planting area increased by 21.24%, the total output increased by 8.8 times, the yield increased by 7.1 times. Since 1999, the area and output of high-quality wheat has been increasing, and it hold 41.75% of total wheat area and 39.32% of wheat total yield in Henna province. In recent years, the wheat area of high yield and super high yield were increasing with the application of high productive varieties and improvement of cultural practice. However, the average yield in Henan province was less than 6000 kg/hm2, the yield existed big difference between various area, the biological potential was not realized, the productive investment was high, and the resources efficiency was low. According to those problems, the author suggested that the high productive practice should be popularized, the potential of wheat varieties should be realized, the nutrient efficiency should be improved, the research and management of high-quality wheat should be strengthened, the spreading and application of technology should be improved, increasing the wheat integration productivity.