Abstract: China is an agricultural country in the world. Many waste materials is be released in production. Agricultural discard material is not be suitable handled result in environment pollution. Agricultural sustainable development is be affected also. By the survey of peasant households in Jiangsu province, this paper is to study affecting factors in peasant households， choosing crops straw handling ways. The data shows that households handle crop straw through ways of burning and utilizing. Through analysis of Logit modle, we find that the peasant households is affected by characteristics of heads of households, characteristics of families, characteristics of producing and region in choosing handling ways of crops straw.