Abstract: Taking Xilinguole grassland in Inner Mongolia as example region, the study used of the new remote sensing data of MODIS to investigate and acquire information of Xilinguole grassland analyzed the temporal and special change of NDVI. The value of each index was determined by the evaluation system, and their weight percentages were determined by using the method of analytical desertification process. Finally figured out the composite evaluation index. This monitoring and evaluation indicator system is testified to be applicable to classification and assessment on spatial distribution of desertification by using remote sensing after field investigation.