Abstract: Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea Czern et Coss.) is one of the important vegetables originated from China. The variation and diversification is so plenty in China. There is much research report about Classification of mustard. Advance in mustard taxonomy had been conducted based on plant morphology, isozyme, protein electrophoresis, pollen morphology, DNA polymorphism and so on. And there is a latest review of tuber mustard breeding technology. Theoretical basis was supplied based on mustard taxonomy research and genetic breeding.