Current issue

• 2007 Vol.23 No.11 Published:05 November 2007

  目次

  Effect on Collection and In Vitro Maturation of Follicular Oocyte of Goat Lin Feng, Shi Mingyan, Chen yuxia, Sheng Jianhua, Gao Tengyun, Fang Liyun 2007, 23 (11):  12-12.  Abstract + ( 1647 )   PDF ( 222226KB )   ( 591 ) In order to gain the follicular oocytes which was high quality, and improve the frequency of in vitro production of the goat’s embryos, the dissection method and the aspiration method were applied to collect the follicular oocytes of the goats, and the available oocytes were used to be in vitro maturation. The results showed that the available oocytes obtained from the dissection method was more than that from the aspiration method, and number of the oocytes used to be in vitro maturation was obviously increased. The mature rate of the oocytes was closely related with the follicular diameter, and the mature rate of the oocytes on the big follicle and on the medium follicle was obviously higher(P<0.05) than that on the small follicle. The added proportion of FCS was useful between 10% ~ 15% in the mature culture solution of the follicular oocytes. The increase of FCS’s concentration couldn’t improve the mature rate of the oocytes in the range.

  Preparation and Purification of Polyclonal Antibodies Against LPS of E.coli Li Sheng, Lv Juan, Hu Ge, Suo Zhanwei, Duan Huiqin, Mu Xiang 2007, 23 (11):  16-16.  Abstract + ( 1519 )   PDF ( 359880KB )   ( 740 ) To obtain the anti - LPS of E.coli polyclonal antibody, 5 weeks old rabbits were immunized with lipopolysaccharid of E.coli, The polyclonal antiserum was purified by caprylic acid- ammonium sulfate precipitation and sephadex gel chromatography, then their purity and yield were measured respectively with SDS-PAGE and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, The titer and cross reaction of antibody was assayed with ELISA; Yield and ELISA titer of puritied rabbit polyclonal antiserum against LPS of E.coli were 6.95 mg/ml and 1:12800; Rabbit polyclonal antiserum against LPS of E.coli was obtained, and can be used in laboratory detection kit.

  Studies on Growth Dynastics of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.) grasslands Mixed with Grasses Guo Xiao, Li Ming 2007, 23 (11):  20-20.  Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 113193KB )   ( 485 ) Based on soil and climate of Henan yellow river beach， the paper studied characters of Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) grasslands Mixed with two species of perennial Grasses[ Smooth Brome(Bromus inermis Leyss) and Sheep Fescue(Festuca ovina L.)] and analysed temporal and spatial dynastics of above-ground biomass and under-ground biomass of mixed grasslands carefully. The results showed that growth dynastics of above-ground biomass and under-ground biomass of mixed grassland appear growth curve with two peaks (ripe period and middle growing period after ripe for above-ground biomass; ripe period and late growing period after ripe for under-ground biomass respectively). Above-ground biomass have maximum increasing periods from heading stage to ripening stage when growing intensities were 11.92gDM/(m2·d) and 14.13gDM/(m2·d) for Lucerne-Smooth Brome mixed grassland and Lucerne-Sheep Fescue mixed grassland respectively;under-ground biomass have maximum increasing periods from tillering stage to elongating stage when growing intensities of roots were 8.53gDM/(m2·d) and 8.94gDM/(m2·d) for two above-mentioned mixed grasslands respectively.

  Effects of Conservation Methods on the Nutritive Value of Straws Fan Hua, Pei Caixia，Dong Kuanhu 2007, 23 (11):  24-24.  Abstract + ( 1642 )   PDF ( 138329KB )   ( 532 ) The study determined the change condition of major nutrients in sorghum straw、 corn straw、 soybean straw and sweet potato vine in different conservation methods(open-air conservation 、shed conservation 、silage and ammoniation). And two steers (450±15kg) with permanent rumen cannulas were used to determine the effects of conversation methods on the rumen degradabilities of DM、OM、NDF and ADF.The results show: The CP content of straws was higher significantly affected by the conservation methods(P<0.01); The conservation methods higher significantly affected the OM content of sorghum straw (P<0.01) and significantly affected of sweet potato vine (P<0.05); higher significantly the NDF content except sweet potato vine (P<0.01), significantly the ADF content of sorghum straw and corn straw (P<0.05). higher significantly of soybean straw and sweet potato vine; The WSC content of straws was higher significantly affected by the different conservation methods (P<0.01). The oven-drying and ammoniation improved the rumen degradabilities of DM、OM、NDF and ADF of straw except soybean straw.

  Effects of Corn Straw Treated with Different Ammoniate Methods on Heifer Fattening Hao Limei, Yang Zhiling 2007, 23 (11):  29-29.  Abstract + ( 1400 )   PDF ( 110695KB )   ( 519 ) 【Objective】Different ammoniate methods were used for corn straw in order to improve its nutritive value.【Method】Then the straw were fed the heifer to study its feeding effects.【Results】The result showed that: the CP content, DMI and ADG of the corn straw treated with multi-ammoniated increased by 124.25%, 22.26% and 56.25% than control group respectively, the feedstuff cost (per kg gain) decreased by 15.63% than control group.【Conclusion】It was recommended to extend multi-ammoniated corn straw so that accelerating the development of cattle industry.

  Establishment of a TaqMan-based Real-Time FQ-PCR Assay for Detection of Canine Distemper Virus Su Jianqing,,, Zheng Xuexing ,Hou Xiaoqiang, Yue Miaoshu, Xia Xianzhu 2007, 23 (11):  33-33.  Abstract + ( 1555 )   PDF ( 1077565KB )   ( 614 ) According to conservative sequence of canine distemper virus nuclear proteins gene, a pair primers and TaqMan probe were designed, respectively. The standard recombinant plasmids for N gene were constructed as reference standard used in absolute quantification assay. The reaction conditions of FQ-PCR were optimized. The sensitivity of assay was tested with ten fold serial dilution of CDV and compared with ordinary RT-PCR. The quantitative curve was established using reference standard plasmids. The clinic samples were detected after specificity assay. The results demonstrated that the plasmid for FQ-PCR was favorable. The regression coefficient of the quantitative curve was 0.994. The detection sensitivity of FQ-PCR was 10 TCID50 and the specificity was determined by testing five other specimens, all of which yielded negative results. The detection system based on real-time RT-PCR was rapid, sensitive and steady, which could be used to detect the clinic samples.

  Comparison of Three Methods of Purifying IgG from Swine Serum Liu Shengjie,, Zhu Maoying, Gu Shibin, Tang Mei, Zhou yang, Yu Weiyi 2007, 23 (11):  38-38.  Abstract + ( 2103 )   PDF ( 1693604KB )   ( 1102 ) Compare three different methods of purifying Immunoglobulin G from swine serum with their purifying effect. Octanoic acid precipitation method，ammonium sulfate by-step precipitation method and octanoic acid-ammonium sulfate coprecipitation method are used to purify IgG from swine serum respectively. SDS-PAGE, Bradford kit and AlphaEaseFC software are used to monitor the purity and yield of extract from serum. In the process of purifying IgG, the octanoic acid precipitation method needs shortest time, only 1 hour. But the purity of extract is lowest ,thus the yield is high . The purity and yield of extract by ammonium sulfate by-step precipitation method are higher, but the time is longer. Meanwhile, the octanoic acid-ammonium sulfate coprecipitation method gains the purest IgG, but the time is longest and the yield is lowest. The three kinds of methods have their own features individually, they can be adopted in different condition and need.

  Genotype Difference of Brown Rice in Ca Contents Wang Xuewu,, Zhang Yuzhu, Zhang Yueping,, Zeng Xiang, Zhang Xinghuai, Li Xiaoxiang, Lu Xiangyang 2007, 23 (11):  100-100.  Abstract + ( 1795 )   PDF ( 573720KB )   ( 554 ) A pot experiment was conducted to investigate calcium (Ca) content in brown rices of 89 rice cultivars of 5 genotypes. Results show that the tested rice cultivars differed sharply between genotypes and vary from 44.5~245.5mg/kgin Ca accumulation. In terms of Ca content in brown rice, the 5 genotypes of rice are in the order of conventional late Japonica rice>hybrid late Indianica rice>conventional late Indianica rice>conventional early Indianica rice>conventional medium Japonica rice.

  Preliminary Report on the Flue-curing Characteristics of Yunnan202, A New Flue-cured Tobacco Variety Wang Yahui, Lu Xiuping, Yang Xuebiao, Zhang Shutang, Zhang Jianlin 2007, 23 (11):  105-105.  Abstract + ( 1379 )   PDF ( 109800KB )   ( 467 ) In this paper, changes of water and chlorophyll content in maturity leaf of “yunyan202”, a new flue-cured tobacco variety, were investigated during curing process. The results showed that the chlorophyll content was obviously lower in fresh maturity leaf of “yunyan202” than that in both “K326” and “honghuadajinyuan”. However, the ratio of water in “yunyan202” was only lower than that in “K326”, but higher than that in “honghuadajinyuan”. In the coloring phase of the cure, the speed of chlorophyll decrease was faster in “yunyan202” than that in both “K326” and “honghuadajinyuan”. Time of leaf full coloring in “yunyan202”was same to that in “K326” but significantly shorter than that in “honghuadajinyuan”. The speed of water loss was slower in “yunyan202” than that in “honghuadajinyuan”, however faster than that in “K326”. In the coloring fixing and the drying phases, the time of lamina dried in “yunyan202”was between that in “K326” and “honghuadajinyuan”. These indicate that the cure is easy for “yunyan202”.

  Effects of Processing Techniques on Aroma and Glycosidic Aroma Precursors in Fresh Tea Leaves Wei Zhiwen, Li Daxiang, Zhang Huayan, Hu Shaode, Fang Shihui, Wan Xiaochun 2007, 23 (11):  109-109.  Abstract + ( 1789 )   PDF ( 110354KB )   ( 596 ) To elucidate the effects of processing techniques on aroma and glycosidic aroma precursors in fresh tea leaves, fresh tea leaves with mixtures of one bud, two leaves and one bud, three leaves were plucked from Camellia Sinensis cv. zhuye at Shucheng tea plantation. The same batch of tea fresh leaves was divided into three batches and two of them were processed to green tea and black tea with the orthodox processing, respectively. The essential oils were extracted with SDE and analysis with GC/MS. Glycosidic aroma precursors were extracted and partially purified, then hydrolyzed with crude enzyme from fresh tea leaves in two-phase solvent system. The hydrolysis was extracted with ethyl ether and concentrated, analyzed and determined with GC/MS. The results showed that the component and content of aroma and glycosidic aroma precursors in fresh tea leaves, green tea and black tea are different. The total content of essential oils in fresh tea leaves, green tea and black tea was 17.263, 34.702 and 5.004, respectively. The components of algycone were benzyl alcohol, trans-linalool oxide, linalool, phenyl ethanol, methyl salicylate and geraniol in fresh tea leaves while those in green tea was five kinds as those of fresh tea leaves excepted benzyl alcohol and those in black tea were only phenyl ethanol and trans-linalool oxide. Compared with fresh tea leaves, the content of total algycone reduced 20.34% in the green tea processing. However, the content of total algycone reduces 95.60% in black tea processing. In made tea, the released aglycone contributed to the principal aroma component. Those results indicated that the composition and content of aroma and glycosidic aroma precursors in made tea changed with processing techniques.

  Study on the Protoblast Formation of Lactobacilus Bulgaricus in Yogurt Han Liqiang, Li Hongji, Yang Guoyu, Wang Yueying, Zhu Heshui, Wang yanling 2007, 23 (11):  113-113.  Abstract + ( 1668 )   PDF ( 294668KB )   ( 1078 ) 【Objective】The preliminary study on the protoplast formation of L.b is studied in this text;【Method】L.b is isolated and identification from the Yogurt and the biological characteristics was observed; the protoplast formation is studied with different concentration and treating time of mutanolysin;【Results】L.b is a slim rod ,gram-positive bacteria; The curves show that the growth lag phase is 2-16h; the protoplast formation rate of adding glycin（1mg/ml） was significance higer than the control; the protoplast formation of L.b was increased following the increasing dose of mutanolysin and time;【Conclusion】the optimum concentration and treating time of mutanolysin was 4ug/ml, 45min respectively.

  Study on Regularity of Average Price and Rate of First Class of Flue-cured Tobacco in Different Yellowing Environment of Flue-curing Zeng Zhisan, Ai Fuqing, Zhong Lei, Wang Pengxiang, An Wenbo 2007, 23 (11):  117-117.  Abstract + ( 1464 )   PDF ( 601556KB )   ( 550 ) With the best regression of two factors of temperature and relative humidity(RH), the experiment studied the regularity of average price and rate of first class of flue-cured tobacco in different yellowing environment. The result showed that the influence of temperature and RH on average price and rate of first class of flue-cured tobacco was similar, which showed a trend of parabola curve with temperature or RH increasing. The maximum value of average price occur at 38.0℃ and 87.0%, the maximum value of the rate of first class occur at 37.6℃ and 86.5%. The result also showed that when the temperature or RH was in the range of 37.5℃ to 38.0℃ or 85.0% to 88.0%, psychrometric difference was 1.5~2.0℃, the average price and rate of first class would exceed 10 yuan per kg and 40% respectively.

  Effects of Waxy Blending Wheat Flour on Pasting Properties and Noodle Quality Han Lide, Wang Huajun, Zhang Wenming, Huang Zhenglai, Wang Changchu, Zheng Wenyin, Yao Danian 2007, 23 (11):  122-122.  Abstract + ( 1686 )   PDF ( 113919KB )   ( 741 ) Changes in starch pasting properties and noodle quality of non-waxy flours from one wheat cultivar after blending with different proportion of waxy wheat flour were studied. Results showed that the amylose content (AC) and the ratio of amylase content to amylpectin content (RAAM) have been changed much bigger than the other quality traits. The peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, setback, pasting temperature, peak time were significantly and positively correlated to grain protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, AC and RAAM, significantly and negatively correlated to amylpectin content (AMC). There were no correlations between stirring number, breakdown and these quality traits. In order to overcome the disadvantages of sensory test and predict noodle quality effectively, a regression equation where and denote AMC and RAAM, respectively, was established.

  Optimization of Process Parameters of Novel Teabag Kang Mengli, Xue Xuchu, Ling Jiangang, Luo Yaoping, Lin Xudong 2007, 23 (11):  130-130.  Abstract + ( 1477 )   PDF ( 261522KB )   ( 658 ) The effects of material granule size and pour time and pours the research of number of times on the quality of the novel tea bag were studied. The results showed that 40~60 purpose granule materials of the teabag were the best, Soup colors were yellow green and immerses rate high, pour 5 minutes and pour 3 times were the best, 3 times extraction contents of amino acids, caffeine, tea polyphenol were 96.74%, 96.24%, 95.76% by the total amount respectively.

  Effect of Fresh-Keeping Agent on Storage and Freshness Retention of Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao) under Low Temperature Wei Tianjun, Dou Yunping 2007, 23 (11):  135-135.  Abstract + ( 1738 )   PDF ( 620473KB )   ( 606 ) The changes of fruit quality and effect of storage and freshness retention during cold storage were investigated from early-October 2005 through mid-January 2006, using ‘Lingwuchangzao’ jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) with total soluble solids of 24.3% as materials. The results showed that the dipping treatment with fresh-keeping agent being made by author significantly decreased mildew fruit rate by 91.9%, CK being 46.2% at 95 days of storage, slowed significantly down the decrease in flesh firmness and ascorbic acid content during mid-late storage, and prevented the hydrolysis of flesh sucrose in jujube fruits during storage, thus increasing the fresh fruit rate during the mid-late storage period. But no effects were found in the contents of total soluble solids, total sugar, reduced sugar, and pectin. The fresh fruit rate were all correlated highly significantly with the flesh firmness, ascorbic acid content, and sucrose content in jujube fruits during cold storage；the correlation coefficients were 0.9266, 0.9937, and 0.9971, respectively. Both the content of ascorbic acid and the flesh firmness were correlated highly significantly with the content of sucrose in jujube flesh；the correlation coefficients were 0.9894, 0.9343, respectively.

  The Analysis on Nutritional Qualities of Peanut Cultivars Which Host Planted in Fujian Province Chen Tuanwei, Kang Binbin, Su Liqing, Liu Longyan ,Chen Shaojun 2007, 23 (11):  141-141.  Abstract + ( 1673 )   PDF ( 139241KB )   ( 627 ) The components of 9 peanut cultivars were analyzed and appraised which host planted in Fujian Province. The results showed that average contents of fat and protein in 9 peanut cultivars were 49.71% and 29.95% relatively. The amounts of calcium, phosphorus, zinc and potassium were 616.07mg/kg dry weight, 5799.06mg/kg, 50.16mg/kg, and 6452.85mg/kg. The essential amino acids average content accounts for the amino acid total quantity 30.79%. The cultivar producing the highest essential amino acids of 8.79% was called “Shanyou71”, the lowest essential amino acids of 7.68% was called “Baisha1016”. The average content of unsaturated fatty acid was 83.43%. Especially that of linoleic acid reached 36.28%, the ratio of oleic acid and linoleic acid was 1.28, and the highest ratio of 1.42 was determined in “Minhua6”, which was suitable for storing.

  Analysis of Tobacco Mildew and its Control Measures Peng Qingyun, Yi Tuyong 2007, 23 (11):  146-146.  Abstract + ( 1667 )   PDF ( 140420KB )   ( 665 ) Recently with the rapid development of tobacco industry in China, the mildewing of tobacco leaves is becoming a serious problem. The article reviewed the reasons that caused tobacco mildewing scale and how to control tobacco mildewing.

  Study on the Relation between Bacteria with TSNA Accumulation of Burley Tobacco during Air-curing Wang Anyun 2007, 23 (11):  151-151.  Abstract + ( 1474 )   PDF ( 356902KB )   ( 577 ) In order to find the relation between bacteria with TSNA accumulation of burley tobacco during air-curing, leaves of burley tobacco TN86 were sprayed with WB5 strain in 2003, 2004, while the control was sprayed with water, the population of bacteria and TSNAs were detected during air-curing. The result showed that the total population of bacteria were 105-109CFU/g during air-curing. The population of bacteria was higher at the 0-20day of air-curing, The population of bacteria was lower at the end of air-curing. TSNAs contents was lower at the 0-20day of air-curing. TSNAs contents was higher at the 20-30day of air-curing, at the end of curing in 2003,2004, the TSNAs levels of the treated samples were significantly decreased (81.3%, 68.80%) compared to the control, TSNAs accumulation was not highly correlated with the population of bacteria.

  Development of Colloidal Gold Immunostrip for Rapid Detection of Chloramphenicol Residue in Food of Animal Origin Yang Ting, Wang Shuting, Guo Yirong, Wang Meiying, Zhu Guonian 2007, 23 (11):  156-156.  Abstract + ( 1621 )   PDF ( 541304KB )   ( 860 ) Monoclonal antibody (McAb) against Chloramphenicol (CAP) was prepared by means of hybridoma technique, and an immunostrip for the determination of CAP was developed based on competitive colloidal-gold immunochromatographic assay. Results of the study indicated that the McAb had good affinity and high specificity to CAP. The gold-labeled immunostrip, was suitable for rapid detection of CAP residues in food of animal origin, with the detection limit 1.5μg/kg in shrimp or honey and 3μg/kg in milk, respectively, and the test time was only 5-8 min.

  Study on the Extraction of Lentinan Polysaccharide by Microwave Treatment He Bingcun, Wang Yi’na 2007, 23 (11):  162-162.  Abstract + ( 1583 )   PDF ( 302830KB )   ( 703 ) The paper studies factors of the Extraction of Lentinan Polysaccharide by Microwave Treatment, the factores include ratio of material、extracting temperature、extracting time、microwave heating time and extracting times. The results showed the optimal conditions were: 25 of ratio of liquid to solid, 80℃ of temperature,3 hours of heating time, 30 min of microwave heating time, extraction once. The highest extraction ratio 7.70%.

  A Study of Several Problems and its Countermeasures in the New Round of Reform of the Forestry Property System in Fujian Province Wei Yuanzhu,, Zhang Chunxia,, Yang Jianzhou,, Huang Ansheng 2007, 23 (11):  166-166.  Abstract + ( 1206 )   PDF ( 223032KB )   ( 595 ) Though the new round of reform of the forestry property system in Fujian Province has achieved preliminary results, however it also faced with some problems, so make a study on several problems and its countermeasures in the reform of forestry property system is therefore tremendously significant. This article comprehensively applying the combination analytical method of normative and positivism, and then some problems such as forest cutting quota, negative external effect to ecological, shortage of fund, diseconomy of scale, and so on, were been discussed. So the government not only must reform and improve the system of forest cutting quota management which according to the development ideas of difference forest resources must be treated on the merits of each case and making steady progress, but also must find an appropriate solution to resolve the problem that some forest growers' forests have been classed as public welfare forest, and then the forest growers should took the measures of control and encourage to combine together to prevent the negative external effect of ecological. At the same time, the forest growers must do their best to exploring diversification proceeds to raised forestry operation funds, and they should vigorously develop forestry cooperative organizations which administer to achieve economies of scale. In the end the government must pay special attention to the woodland charges' pickup and usage, and strive for delivery of a series of goals of the new round of reform of the forestry property system.

  Research Progress in Pinus bungeana Peng Zhonghua, Bo Nanlin 2007, 23 (11):  174-174.  Abstract + ( 1374 )   PDF ( 343866KB )   ( 766 ) Pinus bungeana is the only three-needle pine of East Asian, and is a native plant species of China. It is widely transplanted in North China region and can be widely used. Pinus bungeana has a good development and utilization value in the aspects of medicine use, wood and edibleness etc, and has a fine application prospect in landscape for its excellent resistance and appreciation. This paper introduces the systemic research development of Pinus bungeana from the aspects of basic research, applied basic research and application research, and on the basis of that, some urgent problems of research of Pinus bungeana are provided, and the researches on germplasm resource, population ecology, selective breeding and plant application are importantly proposed in order to realize rational utilization and sustainable development of plant resource.

  Preliminary Studies on Pollen Morphology and Pollen Viability of Superior Clones of Camellia oleifera Peng Shaofeng,, Chen Yongzhong, Zhang Riqing, Li Dangxun, Lu Jia 2007, 23 (11):  179-179.  Abstract + ( 1847 )   PDF ( 139681KB )   ( 578 ) 【OBJECTIVE】In order to study on the pollen morphology and pollen viability of the superior clones of camellia oleifera, and the determination method and classification of pollen viability.【METHOD】Some fresh pollen of Camellia oleifera was employed as the experimental material to carry on the studies on pollen morphology and determination method of pollen viability. Artificial fertilization method, TTC staining and peroxidase settling process were conducted to determine the pollen viability. Classification for pollen viability was completed by cluster analysis combined with experience.【RESULTS】Through optical microscope, the color of Camellia oleifera pollen was yellow or light yellow, the shape of pollen are ellipse, 3-crack round and round, and the size was 44.1μm×29.2μm. As to the pollen viability, there was significant difference between different clones.【CONCLUSION】The shape of most of camellia oleifera pollen was ellipse, and the size of them was moderate-sized. The pollen viability can be classified into five groups, but it should be combined with many testing methods to determine pollen viability before drawing a conclusion, TTC staining method was more suitable for determining pollen viability quickly.

  Advance in Mustard Taxonomy and Tuber Mustard Breeding Technology Meng Qiufeng, Wang Yuhong, Wang Bingliang, Ren Xiliang, Zang Quanyu 2007, 23 (11):  184-184.  Abstract + ( 1476 )   PDF ( 114202KB )   ( 733 ) Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea Czern et Coss.) is one of the important vegetables originated from China. The variation and diversification is so plenty in China. There is much research report about Classification of mustard. Advance in mustard taxonomy had been conducted based on plant morphology, isozyme, protein electrophoresis, pollen morphology, DNA polymorphism and so on. And there is a latest review of tuber mustard breeding technology. Theoretical basis was supplied based on mustard taxonomy research and genetic breeding.

  Study on the Relation Between 60Coγ radiation with TSNA Accumulation of Flue-cured Tobacco Wang Anyun 2007, 23 (11):  188-188.  Abstract + ( 1216 )   PDF ( 115932KB )   ( 532 ) In order to find the measures of reducing the TSNA contents of tobacco, there are three different 60Coγ radiation treatment on the flue-cured tobacco K326, Hongda and Yunyuan 85, the TSNA of sample of mature leaf was detected by using the method of international criterion during different stage, so that find the variation law. The result showed that the total TSNA of the three flue-cured tobacco of the CK, K326 was the highest, Hongda was the second, Yunyuan85 was the lowest. When the 60Coγ radiation was 300rad level, the average TSNA of the three flue-cured tobacco all was reduced. Compared to CK, Hongda was redced 16.9%, Yunyuan 85 was reduced 4.6%. So the 60Coγ radiation of 300rad level could reduce the TSNAs of Hongda. the total TSNA of the mature leaf of the three flue-cured tobacco showed the same law: NNK was the highest, NAT was the second, NNN was the third, NAB was the lowest.

  Research of Intercropping Benefit of Crop Intercropping Systems Yang Youqiong, Wu Bozhi 2007, 23 (11):  192-192.  Abstract + ( 1827 )   PDF ( 148164KB )   ( 936 ) The research progress and content on planting patterns of intercropping crop at home and in the world were stated. Sceondly, the characters of planting patterns on intercropping crop were summarized about five years.They are researched much that soil bulk density, illumination intensity, chlorophhll content, resist of diseases and worms, soil moisture change law, the impact of fertilization level on characters of intercrops, economic benefit and so on. They are researched a little on part of soil conservation action, soil moisture, soil nutrient, and the underground portion of intercrop. Finally, the key technical issues for the intercropping on planting measures were emphasized. The date of seeding and transplanting time should be arranged reasonably, it is adopted that symbiotic system method of fertilizer application and rational planting denisity.

  Study on the Suitable Vigor Testing Methods of High Oil Corn Sun Xianming, Tang Guomin, Yu Lizhi, Du Qingfu, Xia Dejun, Wang Xiaojun 2007, 23 (11):  197-197.  Abstract + ( 1666 )   PDF ( 190109KB )   ( 536 ) This research was conducted with high oil corn, with different vigor testing methods of standard germination test、electrical conductivity test、Dehydrogenase activity test、MDA content test, we tested some vigor indexes of high oil corn by the artificial and natural ageing. Simultaneously, we did the field experiment to test the field germination of the different vigor seeds. With the correlation analysis of the vigor indexes and field germination, we got the conclusion that the suitable vigor testing methods of high oil corn is the standard germination test、electrical conductivity test.

  Review on Maize Production for 30 Years in China Han Ping, Li Haiyan, Hou Changxi, Wang Jiajiang, Zhao Huachun 2007, 23 (11):  202-202.  Abstract + ( 1948 )   PDF ( 135537KB )   ( 688 ) It was reviewed to development level of maize production, the development characteristic and the measures of increase production around of China in this paper. Pointed out that maize production should realize specialization and climate area plant, extend main increase production measures including increasing plant density for enhancing use rate of light energy ,scientific irrigation for enhancing use rate of moisture, enlarging mulch film and seedling transplant area etc.

  The Dynamics of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt in Yunnan Province Liu Yong, Yu Haijing, Qin Xiyun, Wang Min, Feng Kun, Wang Binghao 2007, 23 (11):  207-207.  Abstract + ( 1721 )   PDF ( 392535KB )   ( 652 ) In order to direct tobacco bacterial wilt disease control and forecast, the dynamic of tobacco bacterial wilt in Yunnan province were carried out through period field roots survey and ELISA test. In the high disease incidence field in Wenshan prefecture, roots samples detect Ralstonia solanacearum positive firstly at five weeks after transplant (w.a.t), and only several tobacco plant roots show black necrosis. At 7 w.a.t, 50% roots samples detect R.solanacearum positive, roots black necrosis plant incidence increase rapidly, while stem show no obvious symptom. At 9 w.a.t, 50% roots samples detect R.solanacearum positive, roots black necrosis plant incidence up to 50%, while several plant show stem black necrosis; At 12 w.a.t, stems R.solanacearum positive percentage, black necrosis roots incidence and black necrosis stems incidence up to 80%. The period of roots samples with high R.solanacearum positive, roots displaying symptom and stem displaying symptom occurs successively at certain interval (about 21 days). Root samples with R.solanacearum positive time and roots black necrotic emerge time could server as a basis of decision of first chemical applying period. The confirmation result of ELISA test show that R.solanacearum type colony could isolated form the ELISA test positive samples, and the type culture also show R.solanacearum positive when tested by ELISA.

  Recent Advances in Carotenoid Biosynthesis, Regulation and Manipulation Zhang Jiancheng, Liu He 2007, 23 (11):  211-211.  Abstract + ( 1740 )   PDF ( 637666KB )   ( 1296 ) Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are the most widespread group of pigments found in nature. In recent years, the cloning and characterization of carotenogenic genes and the new progress in studies of carotenoid biosynthesis and regulation make the genetically manipulating carotenoid biosynthesis pathway to be possible in plants. In this review, the recently progress of carotenoid biosynthesis and regulation are summarized, and introduced some successful transgenic plants of altering the carotenoid composition and content by transgenic technique.

  Phosphorus Leaching Character of Cinnamon Soil of Shandong Province and Its Risk Evaluation Zhang Yingpeng, Li Yan, Nie Peihui, Sun Ming, Gao Bimo, Liu Zhaohui 2007, 23 (11):  219-219.  Abstract + ( 1526 )   PDF ( 722483KB )   ( 694 ) To clarify the risk of water eutrophication caused by phosphorus of cinnamon soil and phosphorus leaching character under the condition of rainfall in Shandong Province, the methods of continuous leaching and simulated rainwater were used to study P leaching character of cinnamon soil in Shandong Province. Results showed that the amount of water soluble P leaching increased with the increase of P levels; There was obvious difference of P leaching peaks among the different P treatments, leaching peaks of P7, P6 and other P treatments appeared respectively at 3d, 4d and 5d; There were significant positive correlations between Olsen-P and water soluble P or and and P leaching amounts; Olsen-P of cinnamon soil could migrate vertically with water and was migrated down soil profile about 15cm by annual rainwater; Olsen-P was thought as an important indication for P application. It was thought that Olsen-P contents of soils were kept about 20μg/g under the lower P supplies (<180kg/hm2), and this could meet the demand for high yield of crops for most crops production and did no harm to water substance. In conclusion, if the amount of P application is controlled less than 180kg/hm2, both of crop high-yield and good environment can be achieved.

  Characteristics of Dissolution Kinetics of Phosphorus and Calcium from Phosphate Rocks Rao Wei, Wang Shenyang, Liu Fang, Wang Daizhang 2007, 23 (11):  224-224.  Abstract + ( 1669 )   PDF ( 446848KB )   ( 683 ) Characteristics of dissolution kinetics of phosphorus and calcium from phosphate rocks (PRs) by 1 M NH4OAC (pH4.8) acidic solution were investigated by batch methods in laboratory. It indicated that dissolution kinetics of phosphorus could be divided into two stages which was fast reactive process during 0~30 min and slow reactive process after 30 min. Phosphorus dissolution kinetics of the rocks were well described by the Elovich equation. The rates of phosphorus dissolution were highly correlated to citric acid soluble P which was influenced by the amounts of SiO2 and CaCO3. Calcium dissolution from PRs could be also fitted by the Elovich equation and was relative to free calcium carbonate in the rocks. The concentration of Ca dissolution from PR1, different from the others, could partly originate from the dissolution of free calcium carbonate. So the direct applications of PRs would simultaneously supply the phosphorus and calcium nutrition for plants.

  A Chemiluminescence Method for Determination of Available Nitrogen in Soil Samples Liu Yanchao, Meng Lei, Gao Xiangyang, Jia Wei, Wang Zhirong, Sun Weitao 2007, 23 (11):  228-228.  Abstract + ( 1580 )   PDF ( 331283KB )   ( 656 ) A luminol-ClO－ chemiluminescence（CL）method for the determination of available nitrogen in soil with high sensitivity was developed. It was found that NH4+ could reduce ClO－ in the base solution. A new sensitive and selective CL method for the determination NH4+ in the dry soil was found based on the reductive reaction. The linear-response range of the method was 0.01~1.50mg/kg with a linear correlation coefficient of–0.9989.The detection limit was 1×10-3mg/kg. The RSD was less than 2.7%(n=5). The recovery of the method was 85.8%~94.5%. The method was applied to the detection of available nitrogen in soil samples with satisfactory results.

  Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on the Growth and Yield of Hunzhi No.1 Yang Anzhong, Zhang Dewen, Zhu Qisheng, Chen Zhouqian, Duan Sumei, Wang Shimei 2007, 23 (11):  232-232.  Abstract + ( 1475 )   PDF ( 110042KB )   ( 454 ) The quantity of application of nitrogen and potassium was researched to show its effect on the growth and yield of “Hunzhi No.1”by using the randomized and grouped design of wide field .The result turns out that: the quantity of application of nitrogen and potassium have important effect on the appearance of the tiller, the height of the plant, the length and the weight of the first section, the factors of production and yield of “Hunzhi No.1”. Among them, the highest production is dealt with A2B3 (which is mixed by 375kg/hm2 urea and 375kg/hm2 potassium chloride). The production reaches at 9154.6kg/hm2, compared with A1B1(which is mixed by 375kg/hm2 urea and 375kg/hm2 potassium chloride), the production of the former one has increased at 900.5kg/hm2 and the increasing extent is 10.91%.

  Study on System of Appling Fertilizer According to Ration of Stem to Leaf of Field Mint Ma Tongfu,, Wang Junjie, Niu Feng 2007, 23 (11):  236-236.  Abstract + ( 1625 )   PDF ( 422511KB )   ( 589 ) Soil fertility and elucidative density are important factors affecting biological properties of field mint, such as total leaves of main stem, quantity of stem, total leaves of small stem, quantity of efficacious leaves among these properties, total leaves of small stem relieved more influence, and the degree of influence can be impressed by the ration of total leaves of small stem to main stem. So by means of measuring the ration of stem to leaves of different cultivate density, we can know soil fertility as an important basis for Appling fertilizer. If we combing Appling fertilizer experiment and merry years produce practice with above knowledge, we wan figure out the ration of stem to leaf, coefficient of Appling fertilizer and quantity of fertilizer needed, that is to say, we can obtain a completely system of applying fertilizer according to ration of stem to leaf.

  Analysis of Dominant Microflora during Livestock Manure Aerobic Composting Wei Yahong, Liang Junfeng, Huang Yimei, Qu Dong 2007, 23 (11):  242-242.  Abstract + ( 1659 )   PDF ( 1482438KB )   ( 722 ) The compost test in the aerated static pile automtic compost device using cow manure, pig manure and corn straw, adding different amendments was conducted to analyse the dominant microorganisms changes under different treatments. The changes of the microbial total number were wavelike, the same as the changes of the bacterial number. The changes of the number of fungi were similar “W” curve and the number of actinomycete were downtrend. Adding orchard clay and slag to cow manure and pig manure respectively could affect the microbes during composting, the microbial total numbers were increased after adding orchard clay. The dominant microflora were bacteria during livestock manure aerobic composting. The dominant genera were Bacillus sp. and Aspergillus sp. The E. coli value of livestock manure were available to the GB sanitary standard after 39 days composting.

  Effects of Mulching Methods on the Growth and Yield of Potatoes Grown in Winter Fallow Rice Fields He Changzheng,, Liu Mingyue,, Long Hua, Song Yong, Xiong Xingyao 2007, 23 (11):  249-249.  Abstract + ( 1587 )   PDF ( 112959KB )   ( 567 ) Five mulching methods including straw mulching, straw + plastic film mulching with surface-sowing, straw + plastic film mulching with furrow-sowing, plastic film mulching and non-mulching to cultivate potatoes in winter fallow rice fields was compared using ‘Zhongshu No.3’ as materials. The results showed that potatoes cultivated with plastic film mulching emerged first, and the seedling emergence rates of potatoes cultivated with plastic mulching and straw + plastic film mulching with furrow-sowing were the highest. The plant height of potatoes cultivated with non-mulching was shorter than that of potatoes cultivated with mulching significantly. The yield and marketable tuber percentage of potatoes cultivated with straw + plastic film mulching with furrow-sowing or surface-sowing were the highest, and those of potatoes cultivated with straw mulching and plastic film mulching took the second place and were higher than those of potatoes cultivated with non-mulching. The economical benefits of potatoes cultivated with straw + plastic film mulching with surface-sowing or furrow- sowing were the highest, those of potatoes cultivated with straw mulching and plastic film mulching took the second place, and the economical benefit of potatoes cultivated with non-mulching was the lowest.

  The Physiological Influence on Grafted Muskmelon of Different Pumpkin Stocks Wu Yufeng, Zhao Yijie 2007, 23 (11):  253-253.  Abstract + ( 1835 )   PDF ( 306644KB )   ( 661 ) Effects of different pumpkin stocks on physiological index in leaves of grafted muskmelon were studied by field trial and physiological determination. The results showed that there were significant difference in photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar, chlorophyll, protein and malomdiadehyde(MDA) contents, the peroxidase(POD) and the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities among combinations. Compared with other combinations, the combination which had been applied in practice enhanced photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar and chlorophyll contents. With the growth period proceeding, the enzyme activity of SOD was decreased, while that of POD increased gradually. Accordingly, physiological index in leaves of grafted muskmelon can be used as one of the important indexes for the screening of muskmelon stock species.

  Head-space Solid Phase Microextraction and GC-MS Analysis of Fragrance of Three Apricot Cultivars Wang Shaomin, Wang Jiaxi, Wei Shuwei, 2007, 23 (11):  257-257.  Abstract + ( 1825 )   PDF ( 259801KB )   ( 695 ) Volatile components were extracted from three different apricot Cultivars respectively, using HS-SPME(Head-space Solid-Phase MicroExtractions)method. 33 compounds were identified in ‘Golden sun’, representing 82.37% of the total peak area. The main contents of ‘Golden sun’ are Acetic acid hexyl ester、4-Hexen-1-ol acetate、Glyoxylic acid、6-Methyl-5-heptene-2-one; 10 compounds were identified in ‘LuXing 1 hao’ representing 51.18% of the total peak area and the main contents are Glyoxylic acid、Benzyl Alcohol、Diethyl Phthalate 、2-Benzothiophene；10 compounds were identified in ‘LuXing 2 hao’ representing 48.06% of the total peak area and the main contents are Ethyl alcohol、Acetic acid hexyl ester、cis-3-Hexenyl Acetate. The aroma contents and components of the three cultivars are different, and the aroma is an important indicator of apricot selection breeding evaluation standard.

  The Dwarf Chemical Control and Cytological Characters of Coleus blumwei Guo Zhaowu, Jin Jianjun, Yu Jian 2007, 23 (11):  261-261.  Abstract + ( 1442 )   PDF ( 1029671KB )   ( 677 ) In order to explore the chemical regulation of the plant type dwarfing of Coleus blumei, its cutting plantlets were used as the experimental materials in this research. Through studying its height and cytological characters of each treatment, we found that spraying 800-fold liquor of 15% Paclobutrazol wettable powder and 7,000-fold liquor of 5% Unlconazole (S3307D) on its leaves had significant dwarfing effect on it; 400-fold liquor of 50% chlormequat chloride (CCC) had not any. Cytological observation showed that after spraying Paclobutrazol and Unlconazole, the length of the epidermal cells of the stem became significantly shorter but not its width, its pilus epidermidis significantly shorter, the number of cells for each pilus epidermidis significantly less and the diameter of its sieve tube became significantly smaller. Paclobutrazol and Unlconazole inhibited the cell elongation and cell division, plant nutrient transportion and the growth of other parts of the plant, which were the main reasons of the Coleus blumei dwarfing. Spraying CCC on the leaves of Coleus blumei had no significant dwarfing effect, but had cytologic changes. The causes need further studying. The result indicated that Unlconazole had less aging effect on Coleus blumei, cytology traits were more stable, the surface of the plant looked smooth, which showed a higher ornamental value. Therefore, Unlconazole was a better dwarfing regulator of Coleus blumei.

  Study on Palynology of Camellia japonica L. (NaiDong) Wang Kuiling, Liu Qingchao, Huang Xin, Liu Qinghua, Zhang Qixiang 2007, 23 (11):  267-267.  Abstract + ( 1414 )   PDF ( 3240279KB )   ( 583 ) Comparative research on pollen morphology of Camellia japonica L. (NaiDong) could provide the palynology basis of evolution and systematic classification for Camellia and the cultivar classification of Camellia japonica L. (NaiDong) .18 cultivars of Camellia japonica L. (NaiDong) and 3 cultivars of Camellia japonica L. in southern China were investigated and analyzed with scanning electron microscope. The main results were as follows: Pollen grains of Camellia japonica L. (NaiDong) were in the shape of drum or spheroidal, sub-triangle or 3-lobed circular in polar view and tricolporate. The internal bore was apparently inconspicuousness and the exine had two layers of which the extexine was thicker. The surface ornamentation of pollen grains was mostly helminthoid and also was quasi-helminthoid or quasi-reticulate. There were porus and acupoint among the ridge or net ornamentation. And there were obvious transverse wavy ornamentation on some ridges. The shape and quantity of porus-acupoint varied with different cultivars. Pollen morphology could be used as one of the main bases of cultivar classification of Camellia japonica L. (NaiDong). There were a lot of differences in pollen morphology between Camellia japonica L. (NaiDong) and Camellia japonica L. in southern China.

  Foundation and Current Progress of the Cucurbits Breeding Technique Using Whole Female lines (more Female Lines) Chen Qinghua, Peng Qingwu, He Xiaoming, Xie Dasen, Yu Yuan 2007, 23 (11):  273-273.  Abstract + ( 1563 )   PDF ( 175362KB )   ( 664 ) In the view of the low yield of domestic Cucurbits crops which has too many staminate flowers and few female flowers before the mid-1970s’, the studies of the Cucurbits breeding technique using whole female line (more female line) were made to solve the problem by Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Vegetable Research Institute (front Industrial Crops Research Institute) and so on units. Through practice examinations, this line has become one of the mainstream principles which were used to instruct Cucurbits breeding. From the late 1980s’, advancing with times, the breeding principle successively combined such research contents as the disease –resistant breeding, the ecology breeding, the quality breeding and so on. Much progress were made by this way, And the perspectives of the future were discussed.

  The Factors Influencing Population Colonization and Control Methods of Codling Moth Cai Qingnian, Zhao Xin, Hu Yuan 2007, 23 (11):  279-279.  Abstract + ( 1529 )   PDF ( 143058KB )   ( 703 ) Codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), is one of the most important pests in fruit production around the world, and has become important quarantine object in many countries. Some biological characteristics and control methods of codling moth has been studied for preventing its invasion from epidemic regions to new regions and reducing damage of fruits in field. The spread ways, some factors influencing population colonization and control methods of codling moth were reviewed in the paper. This moth can be transmitted by fresh fruits, packaging material and padding with larvae and pupae; Host species as a key factor directly influence the colonization of codling moth in new regions, and the population development of codling moth was generally regulated by temperature, humidity, rainfall and photoperiod of colonizing regions. When methyl bromide fumigation, a low oxygen-controlled atmosphere or controlled atmospheres and a high temperature/low oxygen pulse improves cold storage disinfestations were applied to treat fresh fruits with codling moth larvae, the larvae were effectively killed in stored condition. In addition, the damage of apple and other fruits infected by codling moth in fields were effectively reduced by spraying a granulosis virus, releasing Trichogramma and use of sex pheromone. Therefore, these methods deserve to be extensively applied in quarantine and control of codling moth in China.

  Susceptibility to Amitraz and Biochemical Characterizations of Two Enzymes from Panonychus citri Field Populations Ran Chun, Chen Zhiyong, Chen Yang, Wang Jinjun 2007, 23 (11):  284-284.  Abstract + ( 1376 )   PDF ( 387779KB )   ( 616 ) The bioassay of amitraz on Panonychus citri from Beibei, Zhongxian, Wanzhou, and Changshou was conducted and the LD50 values were 0.014, 0.031, 0.111 and 0.007 mg/L, respectively. Besides, the activities of CarE and AChE from P. citri of different regions were also determined, with corresponding values of 7.78, 3.15, 6.56 and 6.00 nmol/(min·insect) for CarE and 1.07, 0.49, 0.50 and 0.37 nmol/(min·mg) for AChE. Among the four investigated populations, there were significant differences of kinetic parameters for both CarE and AChE. The result of in vitro inhibition study revealed that there were significant inhibitory effects of amitraz on both the two enzymes. The inhibitory effect of amitraz was most obvious at the concentration of 14.67 mmol/L. Under the concentration, the inhibition rates of amitraz on CarE accounted for 65.27%, 73.84%, 81.44% and 88.36%, and those on AChE amounted to 86.84%, 84.36%, 73.32% and 70.85%, respectively.

  Fungicides Affect Stronger Gluten Wheat’s Yield and Quality on Sandy Loam Li Weihua, Zhang Shenju, Hou Lexin 2007, 23 (11):  289-289.  Abstract + ( 1507 )   PDF ( 109626KB )   ( 434 ) Using field experimentation , we initially study that fungicides influence wheat’s yield and quality on sandy loam ecotype farm in the east of Henan. The result showed that using five kinds of fungicides such as triadimefon, carbendazim, folpet, diniconarole, and Bingchong ling and so on. These raised the weight of every one thousand seeds 0.8~1.9g of stronger gluten wheat. The yield increases 147.6~471.3kg/hm2.The average increase in production is 5.4%. The effect is better to spray fungicides once when wheat lifts its head, but the quality will suffer from bad influence when we increase spraying times. Fungicides were used in the different wheat-bearing time ,however they seldom impair the quality. Its applied effect mainly depends on the types and spraying times of fungicides. Not only can triadimefon and diniconazole raise stronger gluten wheat’s yield, but also don’t impair its quality .Furthermore the increasing effect of triadimefon is the most obvious . Generally,it can raise above 8% and increase the weight of every one thousand seeds about 2g, so we can have a priority to choose it in production.

  Study on Natural Enemy Insects in Apple Orchard in Shaanxi Chen Chuan, Li Xin, Tang Zhouhuai 2007, 23 (11):  293-293.  Abstract + ( 1656 )   PDF ( 168693KB )   ( 675 ) Resources of natural enemy insects in apple orchards were systematically studied in apple orchards in Shaanxi province. The results showed that: the distributions of natural enemy insects were different from the apple orchards in different altitude. It is a tendency of decrease to the population and number distribution of them when the altitude is increased. The distributions of them related to many cause which included their geography, vegetation and men’s intervention.

  Studies on Biological Characteristics of Helminthosporium zizaniae Nisik Wang Jian, Zhu Shidong, Yuan Lingyun, Wang Wei, Wang Anyuan, Ni Tingting, Wang Jitao 2007, 23 (11):  297-297.  Abstract + ( 1580 )   PDF ( 303408KB )   ( 608 ) The biological characteristics of Helminthosporium zizaniae Nisik were investigated. The results showed that the most suitable range of temperature is 10~30℃ and the optimum temperature is 25℃ for mycelial growth，the lethal temperature is 56℃ for conidiospore. Within the pH range of 3~12, the mycelium could grow and germinate conidiospore. The optimum pH is 6~9 for mycelial growth and germination of conidiospore, the conidiospore were promoted sporulation on the condition of partial alkaline. the optimum carbon sources for the mycelial growth was lactose，fructose is the best for the germination of conidiospore. the mycelial growth were promoted by Yeast extract as nitrogen source, Chloride and Yeast extract can promote the germination of conidiospore，but Beef extract and Potassium Nitrate don’t.

  Reasearch Progress in Control of Wax Gourd Phytophthora Blight Lu Shaofeng, Wu Yongguan,, Huang Siliang,, , Li Lizhi 2007, 23 (11):  301-301.  Abstract + ( 1469 )   PDF ( 114422KB )   ( 521 ) Phytophthora blight is one of the most important diseases in wax gourd production, which is difficult to control. The disease was caused by Phytophthora spp. , which have a shorter latent stage in their host plants and rapid spread property. In this paper, present control status was pointed out and analysed, current disease control countermeasures including application of resistant cultivars, agronomic measures and graft technology as well as chemotherapy and biocontrol measures for the control of the disease were reviewed in detail. The foregrounds of some treatments for the disease control were also discussed.

  Bioactivities of Ethanol Extracts from Leaves of Sapium sebiferum to Meloidogyne incognita Jiang Ni,, Gao Weiwei, Miao Jianhua 2007, 23 (11):  305-305.  Abstract + ( 1492 )   PDF ( 115133KB )   ( 518 ) To find a new effective and low toxic method of prevention and cure Meloidogyne incognita, the ethanol extracts from leaves of Sapium sebiferum was used for this research by toxicity test and potting experiment. The result showed that the ethanol extracts from leaves of Sapium sebiferum could highly poison Meloidogyne incognita. The treatment (concentration: 2.5g/L, treatment time: 48h), which could lead to 93.13% of corrected mortality for Meloidogyne incognita, had the strongest bioactivity among all the treatments, LC50 was 333mg/L The Meloidogyne incognita was treated with the ethanol extracts from leaves of Sapium sebiferum witch were diluted 100times,1000times and 10000times respectively. The results showed that the mean numbers of root-knots was 12.5±3.84, 20.17±4.01, 31.8±5.09, which were significantly lower than the control of 5% ethanol (62.5± 5.53), the plant height of tomato increased 28.10%,21.07%and 12.23%, and the fresh mass increased33.07% ,15.31% and 2.73% compared with the control, respectively. The ethanol extracts of Sapium sebiferum can release the harm of Meloidogyne incognita and promote the growth of plant. Further research should be done for utilizing the leaves of Sapium sebiferum to cure Meloidogyne incognita.

  Toxicities of Avermectins and Chlorpyrifos to Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Tribolium castaneum（Herbst） Li Shiguang, Hu Juan, Li Lihua, Huang Yanzhang, Lin Huafeng, Shen Zonghai 2007, 23 (11):  309-309.  Abstract + ( 2066 )   PDF ( 110948KB )   ( 483 ) Virulence of avermectins 1.8% EC, 2% microcapsule suspension and chlorpyrifos 48% EC to S. zeamais and T. castaneum that lived in paddy ware tested by means of spraying in the laboratory. The results showed as follows: (1) The LD50s of avermectin 1.8% EC, 2% microcapsule suspension and chlorpyrifos 48% EC to S. zeamais were respectively 0.01mg／kg, 0.07mg／kg and 4.65mg／kg, and those of them to T. castaneum were respectively 0.08mg／kg, 0.50mg／kg and 5.89mg／kg. (2) The death rate of avermectin 1.8% EC to the two stored-grain insect pests was the highest among three kinds of insecticides in the same conditions. (3) S. zeamais was more sensitive to the three kinds of insecticides than T. castaneum. The recommended dosages of Avermectin 1.8% EC, 2% microcapsule suspension and Chlorprifos 48% EC are respectively 0.05mg／kg, 0.80mg／kg and 2.0mg／kg in order to control S. zeamais, and those of the three insecticides are respectively 0.05mg／kg, 0.80mg／kg and 8.0mg／kg in order to control T. castaneum.

  Field Experiments of 15 Pesticides for Control Asian Citrus Psylla (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) Deng Mingxue, Shi Xiaoyu 2007, 23 (11):  313-313.  Abstract + ( 1762 )   PDF ( 138918KB )   ( 630 ) Control of Asian citrus psylla is the most important technical component of an integrated control program for huanglongbing.Adult psyllid control provided by pesticides must be >95% after 24h sprayed.15 pesticides was tested in field experiments. The results show that adult psyllid control provided by imidacloprid plus isoprocarb 200 mg(a.i)/L and carbosulfan 400mg(a.i)/L was >95%, the control of isoprocarb 200mg(a.i)/L and carbosulfan 250mg(a.i)/L was 94.9% to 90%, while buprofezin only gave 30.8%, and methomyl 200 mg(a.i)/L, rotenone 150 mg(a.i)/L, petroleum oil 9500 mg(a.i)/L, abamectin 20 mg(a.i)/L, calcium polysufide 1BE each provided <30% control, control was not enhanced when imidacloprid plus isoprocarb was mixed with petroleum oil.

  Gene Distribution of Control of Stripe-rust on Wheat in Longnan Region Du Jiuyuan,, Bai Bin, 2007, 23 (11):  318-318.  Abstract + ( 1443 )   PDF ( 598812KB )   ( 584 ) Longnan is the nidus region of China’s wheat-infecting stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West.).In order to achieve the goal of controlling of stripe rust in Longnan region, scientists have established the gene distribution technique for stripe rust control. But the effective methods on gene distribution have not been put forward particularly. Based on this problem, many researches have been conducted in Longnan area,which included the 40-year distributing character of wheat varieties, the situation of resistance resource used in practice and the yield trait of 42 varieties for 30 years. The result showed that the number of gene distribution is about 6 in Longnan region and that the varieties susceptible to stripe rust could be replaced with the resistant ones deriving from gene provision bank ,which is called “substitution method” in practice. This technique have great function on the implementation and improvement of gene distribution in Longnan area.

  Study on the Positioning and Extraction of Antifungal Component in Biocontrol Bacterial Strain BH-2 Fermentation Liang Jiangen, Wu Ji’an, Zhu Lihong, Sang Jinlong, Yao Hangli, Shi Yuefeng 2007, 23 (11):  324-324.  Abstract + ( 1381 )   PDF ( 416981KB )   ( 721 ) A study on the antifungal substance and its extraction of biocontrol bacterial strain BH-2 fermentation was launched by means of cylinder plate method for the sake of evaluating the antifungal component and how to extract. The results showed antifungal role of biocontrol BH-2 fermentation could be divided into the role of antifungal activity of live bacteria and that of extracellular metabolites which had a good thermal stability, while there was no antifungal substances Intracellular. In addition, the organic solvent extraction indicated that the metabolic had a strong polarity, different concentrations of ammonium sulfate and ethanol precipitation could not make it, acid precipitation could basically extracted it. Above of all will provide a theoretical basis and technological support for further research and follow-up product development.

  Study on the Evaluation Index System of Ecological Land in Qingpu District in Shanghai Zeng Zhaobing, Chen Xiaomin, Li Yingsheng, Qiu Yaorong, Fang Kun 2007, 23 (11):  328-328.  Abstract + ( 1453 )   PDF ( 140936KB )   ( 742 ) Ecological land is important to eco-environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development. This study used method of frequency analysis to screen the indexes, and the weighting of the indicators is determined by the method AHP-Delphi. Based on the planning target abort ecological construction in Qingpu District in Shanghai in 2020, the Evaluation Index System determined index reference value. The result showed that Ecological land construction in Qingpu District is categorized into levels 3.Therefore,the Ecological land has greet potentiality to optimizing. The reliability and directness of the index system also were discussed.

  Study on Dynamic Degenerate Ecological Characteristic of Desertification in Minqin Chang Zhaofeng, Zhao Ming, Liu Hujun, Wei Huaidong, Zhong Shengnian, Han Fugui 2007, 23 (11):  333-333.  Abstract + ( 1683 )   PDF ( 331996KB )   ( 642 ) This article through the establishment sample, the investigation and study the dynamic characteristic on desert ecology degenerated of Minqin. The result indicated that, the Minqin oasis area subsoil water level suddenly is dropping, the natural vegetation area reduces year by year, coverage obviously is dropping, the desert land area is expanding and the desert degree is strengthening with the water resources degeneration and the vegetation. Decrease of water resource aroses vegetation degenerate, while vegetation degenerate accelerates desertification. With death of plants and spar sitist of the vegetation, the ecological environment has been deteriorating more and more. The vegetation degeneration and as sart result that the most serious desertification and the serious desertification land extend area, relatively the area of low-grade desertification declines. The main cause for falling water table down is as follows: the first one is allocation of water to agriculture more and more; the second is water from upper reaches of Shiyang river is smaller and smaller. The practice proves: the forestation in arid desert, especially forestation by pumping water from underground, can but accelerate behavior of desertification and environment degeneration.

  Analysis on Obstacle Factors of Regional Ecological Security Based on GIS -taken the Western Jilin Province as an Example Li Xiaoyan, Wang Zongming, Zhang Shuwen 2007, 23 (11):  339-339.  Abstract + ( 1475 )   PDF ( 659064KB )   ( 845 ) Diagnosis of obstacles for ecological security is a kind of complicated work. Based on RS and GIS, using the Grid technique, this article introduced the concept of factor contributing rate, degree of index departure and obstacle degree to assess the influence factors of ecological security in Jilin Province in 2000. Results showed that difference influenced factors in different area is so obvious. The region affected by one obstacle factor account for 76.92 percent of whole area.，among which, the degree of economic development, soil type, regional exploitation index, physiognomy，population increasing rate and comparative undulation are main factors. Two obstacle factors predominated besides one obstacle factor. The area of soil type affected is 27.57 percent of all study area and sand soil and salinized soil occupied more than three of four. We can see that sandilized and salinization have been ecological problems that can’t be ignored in Jilin Province. This study desertification the obstacle factors and offered a useful and exercisable data support for landuse regulation and regionally integrated father. The mothed that applied in the article provided a new view point for the diagnosis study of ecological security.

  Establishment of Spatial Distribution Models for Agricultural Climate Resources Data in Northeast China Wang Zongming, Song Kaishan, Zhang Bai, Liu Dianwei, Li Fang, Xu Jingping 2007, 23 (11):  351-351.  Abstract + ( 1485 )   PDF ( 197893KB )   ( 793 ) Supported by GIS, we built databases of geographical factors as longitude, latitude and altitude, in association with databases of topographical factors as slope, aspect and sheltered degree, in Northeast China, based on digital elevation model. Using average values of air temperature, rainfall and relative humid of counties in Northeast China, from 1961 to 2000, we built models for main climatic factors with geographical and topographical factors. In doing this, linear regression analysis was conducted. At the end, the synthetic mathematic models of spatial distribution for climatic elements were obtained in Northeast China. In addition, grid information system of climatic elements with resolution of 1km×1km was established, with help of GIS. These models and grid database will be of importance for agricultural resources protection and use in Northeast China.

  Research on Model of Assessing Landfills Location for Wuhan City Zhao Junying, Ge Yanhui,Li RongHua,Sun Xuhong 2007, 23 (11):  358-358.  Abstract + ( 1562 )   PDF ( 314860KB )   ( 551 ) It is very essential to select the landfill site in order to minimize its impact on environment. Based on the geological and economical conditions of Wuhan city, the model of assessing landfills location is established for Wuhan city with analytic hierarchy process. Whether the site accord to Wuhan city plan, the distance from the site and to urban, the conveyance condition, founding landfills condition, geologic environment condition and environment protecting condition are the criteria for the model. The model can serve for the selection of lanfills in Wuhan city.

  Study on Eco-diversity of Germplasm Resources of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. in Shanxi Zhao Yunsheng,, Li Zhanlin, Tian Hongling, Mao Fuying, Zhang Liping ,Mu Yanzhen 2007, 23 (11):  361-361.  Abstract + ( 1503 )   PDF ( 166397KB )   ( 500 ) To study, in terms of ecotype, the eco-diversity of germplasm resources in national well-known high quality herbs of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. in Shanxi. Collecting the germplasm resources of C. pilosula (Franch.) Nannf in eco-areas of Shanxi, see about their characters of biology, yield, anti-illness, and anti- aphides with 14×3 random group arrangement, and F or t test were carried out to analyze the difference significance or compare each other. Fourteen germplasm resources of C. pilosula (Franch.) Nannf were collected, and the significant differences (P<0.01或0.05) of biological character, quality character, productivity, disease-resistant, and anti-aphides of above 14 herbs were observed. On the other hand, there were the obvious differences of habitats, procreating character, plant property. Then the germplasm resource characteristics were reviewed. There are abundant ecotypes for the germplasm resources of C. pilosula (Franch.) Nannf in Shanxi, and the 14 herbs should be developed and utilized further.

  Advance in Research of Constructed Wetlands Gai Jing，Shang Wenping，Guo Hanquan 2007, 23 (11):  367-367.  Abstract + ( 1432 )   PDF ( 110685KB )   ( 627 ) Constructed wetlands have a significant environmental benefits, not only as a natural wetland in an effective quantity added, but also can alleviate the existing natural wetlands which are subjected to threats and pressure on the environment. It is a forceful measure for wetlands conservation. Through access to a large amount of information to explore constructed wetlands related issues, their research is been concluded and elaborated. And analysis of the issue of constructed wetlands study. Finally it prospects in different areas of its application in the future.

  Responses of Leaf and Root Characteristics of 4 Hevea Brasiliensis Clones Seedlings to Water Stress Gong Lidan , An Feng , Lin Weifu 2007, 23 (11):  371-371.  Abstract + ( 1552 )   PDF ( 505932KB )   ( 711 ) By applying PEG6000 water stress simulation method, effects of water stress on change of root hydraulic conductance，root system vigor and leaf water saturation deficit were studied. The result indicated: water stress had significant influence on root hydraulic conductivity, root system vigor and water saturation deficit of rubber trees, with the prolongation of the water stress time, root hydraulic conductivity was decreased gradually, but root system vigor increase firstly, and then decreased. According to the decreasing degree of root hydraulic conductivity and root system vigor under water stress and the ability to maintain leaf water, the result showed that, the drought-resistant and adaptive capacity of GT1 was comparatively strong under water stress, followed by PR107, RRIM600 and PB86 orderly.

  Studies on Relationship between Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Fertility of Rubber Plantation Zhang Yanhua, He Peng, Wu Min, She Guilian, Wu Bingsun, Wei Jiashao 2007, 23 (11):  375-375.  Abstract + ( 1625 )   PDF ( 133148KB )   ( 629 ) We have researched the relationship between soil enzymatic activity and soil fertility of 24 representative rubber plantations in Danzhou, Hainan province. The results are as follows: Soil enzymatic activities are variant in different rubber plantation. Activities of catalase, invertase and acid phosphatase have close positive correlation with the organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen, some of them are very remarkable; Activities of polyphnol oxidase and urease have negative correlation with organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium.

  Development and Application of Soil Resource Information System Zhang Dongming, Wu Pengfei, Hao Lihong, Zhang Yongfa, Qi Zhiping 2007, 23 (11):  380-380.  Abstract + ( 1636 )   PDF ( 121661KB )   ( 560 ) Population explosion, soil degradation and environment deterioration are austere challenges lie ahead of the sustainable development of the current society. Because SRIS can provide consumers with accurate, timely soil information and related information, therefore, it is a general trend to create SRIS supported by GIS. This paper first summarizes primarily the concept, development and applications of soil resource information system, and then, introduces the important function and wide applications prospect of the SRIS in the modern agriculture. Latter, gives some advices in the feature applications for the SRIS.

  The Application of GIS in the Land Resources Management of Taihang Mountainous Areas in Hebei Province Sun Guizhen, Wang Shuanjun, Wang Huijun 2007, 23 (11):  384-384.  Abstract + ( 1564 )   PDF ( 111623KB )   ( 519 ) The land resources management of Mountainous areas is an extremely complex system and need to be used information methods for the scientific and highly effective management. Geographic Information System (GIS)，a kind of information technology with the formidable space-data processing and management ability, not only provides the technical support but also makes the land resources sustainable development .On the basis of the functions of Geographic Information System (GIS) and the land resources characteristics of Taihang mountainous areas in Hebei province, the use of GIS in the electronic ecology-map manufacture, the suitable appraisal of land resources, the plan of land utilization and the dynamic monitor of land utilization were discussed in the paper.

  The Application of the Seasonal Model to the Air Temperature Forecast in Yangling Demonstration Zone Luo Fengjuan, Dong Xiaomeng, Guo Mancai, Yuan Zhifa 2007, 23 (11):  388-388.  Abstract + ( 1419 )   PDF ( 593353KB )   ( 625 ) Using the theories and methods of seasonal time series model, and the monthly average atmosphere temperature from 1935 to 1945 of Yangling Demonstration Zone Zhangjiagang to build up the seasonal time series model, then make use of the model to carry on the simple forecast to the average air temperature of each month in 1946. The results show: the relatively errors of the monthly average atmosphere temperature’s prediction is bigger in Jan, Feb and Dec in 1946, and it is smaller from March to Nov in the same year, one of the reason is that annually the temperature of the northern China is lower during Jan, Feb and Dec, and the small fluctuation may cause bigger relatively error, but the temperature is higher from March to Nov, and the relatively error is smaller. Furthermore, the model is more accurate for short forecast, but for longer forecast, the error compares greatly. Therefore, this model is suitable for short forecast.

  Effect of Different Vegetation Resume Measure on Soil Physicochemical Properties of Desertification Land Fan Hua, Yang Zhiguo, Zhao Fangying, Sun Baoping, Cong Zhijun, Zhang An 2007, 23 (11):  393-393.  Abstract + ( 1709 )   PDF ( 136575KB )   ( 495 ) In order to know the effect of different vegetation resume measure on soil physicochemical properties of desertification land , representational vegetation resume measures were chosen such as different plant condition , different mixed forest in Huang Yangtan. Random sample, soil physicochemical properties of different vegetation resume measure were compared . Indicate that Caragana microphylla of artificial vegetable condition is the best measure to resume the soil nutrient , mixed forest is better than pure forest. And the direction was provided for the vegetation resume measure .

  Design and Implementation on the Dynamic Vegetation Model of Greenhouse Phalaenopsis Zhang Xiaoyan, Liu Feng, Wang Fengyun, Liu Shuyun，Feng Wenjie 2007, 23 (11):  398-398.  Abstract + ( 1617 )   PDF ( 551971KB )   ( 732 ) In order to understand and know about the basic principle and quantification relationship of greenhouse phalaenopsis during vegetating phase and forecast the dynamic action of vegetation system so as to assist reasonably regulating and controlling on the vegetation and production system of phalaehopsis real time, a dynamic vegetation model of greenhouse Phalaenopsis is created on the solar radiation as the basic driving factor and a computer simulation system is developed on Windows XP system. The system mainly includes important modules such as solar radiation, carbon assimilation analysis and dry matter partitioning and so on which can output dry matter accumulated value, photosynthesis ratio, leaf area index, quantity of lamina and flower etc parameters and make the model have perfect functions. The computer simulation system uses C++ Builder6.0 as the programming language that makes the interface and function of simulation system uniformed. The simulation experiment and analysis are carried out in the phalaenopsis greenhouse in the New and High Agricultural Technology Demonstration Gardens of Jining City, Shandong Province. The result shows that the simulated result is better fit with the experimental result. The model can dynamically forecast the accumulated quantity of photosynthesis production etc important index of phalaenopsis and it is an important tool to study the vegetation characteristic of phalaenopsis and optimized management.