Oil Crops

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Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Development and Lodging Resistance of Intercropped Soybeans

LIU Ping, BI Haibin, YANG Yunfeng, ZHUO Ma, ZHAO Qingqing, WEN Tinggang, CHEN Yuli

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (11): 16-21. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0638

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In order to clarify the effective ways for intercropping soybean to resist lodging, a field experiment of spraying plant growth regulators on soybean corn strip composite planting was conducted in the summer soybean growing season of 2023. A split zone design was adopted, with the main zone as the planting mode. Two planting modes were set up: soybean corn 6:4 mode (M₁) and soybean corn 6:3 mode (M₂); the sub zone was treated with growth regulators, consisting of four treatments: R₁ (silicon fertilizer), R₂ (silicon fertilizer+27.5% hexanoic·mepiquat chloride), R₃ (27.5% hexanoic·mepiquat chloride), and R₄ (water control); all together there were eight treatments. By systematically analyzing the differences in SPAD values, canopy nutritional indicators, lodging resistance traits, and yield indicators of soybean top three leaves among different treatments, the effects of silicon fertilizer and hexanoic·mepiquat chloride on the growth, development, and lodging resistance of intercropped soybeans were clarified. The results showed that during the grain filling stage of summer soybeans, the nutritional parameters of the plant canopy in each treatment were higher than those of the control. The R₂ treatment had the highest stem bending resistance, stem dry weight, and stem plumpness. The main stem length of the R₂ and R₃ treatments was lower than that of the R₁ and R₄ treatments, but the differences between treatments were not significant; the yield and yield components (number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, and 100 grain weight) of each treatment were higher than those of the control R₄ treatment; the yield was highest in the R₂ treatment, and the yield of the M₁R₂ treatment was higher than that of the M₂R₂ treatment; the lodging resistance index was significantly positively correlated with stem bending resistance and stem thickness, and negatively correlated with main stem length. Both silicon fertilizer and hexanoic·mepiquat chloride spray can improve the nutritional indicators of the summer soybean canopy during the grain filling stage. At the same time, by increasing the stem bending resistance and stem plumpness of soybean plants, we can reduce plant height, improve soybean lodging resistance index, and inhibit plant lodging. In summary, silicon fertilizer and hexanoic·mepiquat chloride can promote plant photosynthetic production and yield formation by enhancing plant resistance, reducing plant height, and improving plant spatial structure.

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Selection of Peanut Varieties Suitable for Sprout Vegetable Production

YU Fuxin, CHEN Zechang, LI Xin, WANG Yusen, JIANG Qingyue, TANG Yanyan, WANG Jingshan, QIAO Lixian

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (10): 66-71. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0544

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In order to solve the problem of the lack of peanut sprout varieties, 15 peanut varieties were used as experimental materials, sand cultured seedlings were harvested after 5 days, and the biomass, nutritional, and taste indicators of the seedlings were tested. Using these indicators as the evaluation criteria for sprout vegetable production, a judgment matrix was constructed using the membership function method and analytic hierarchy process. The influence weights of each factor were analyzed mathematically to calculate the total evaluation value D value suitable for sprout vegetable production. Through cluster analysis of the D values of 15 peanut varieties, three varieties suitable for sprout vegetable production, namely ‘Yuhua 33’, ‘Yuhua 30’, and ‘Yuhua 18’, were selected from the 15 tested varieties. Three varieties, including ‘Yuhua 12’, were relatively suitable for sprout vegetable production, while nine varieties, including ‘Yuhua 32’, were not suitable for sprout vegetable production.

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A New Rape Variety 'Hanyou23' with High Yield and High Oil-content and Multi Resistance: Breeding and Cultivation Techniques

ZHANG Yanxia, SHEN Guopeng, SUN Xiaomin, XING Lihong, QU Liying, XUE Yan, WANG Jiawei

Journal of Agriculture 2025, 15 (3): 7-12. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0075

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To breed the double-low (low erucic acid and low glucosinolates) rapeseed variety with the double-high of yield and oil-content, strong stress tolerance and wide adaptability, we used cytoplasmic male line 'Han 3A' as female parent to cross with the restorer line '475R', after selection and identification, we obtained a variety 'Hanyou 23' with high oil content and high yield and multi resistance in Brassica napus L. Its average yield in comparative experiment of new rapeseed varieties in the Yangtze River Basin (the upper, middle and lower reaches) for two consecutive years (2020-2022) was 3167.8 kg/hm², the erucic acid content was 0.105%, the glucosinolate content was 17.48 μmol/g, and the oil content was 47.57%. This variety had resistance to sclerotinia sclerotiorum and viral diseases, strong cold resistance and good lodging resistance. The variety was registered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in 2024 with the registration number GPD rape (2024) 610234.‘Hanyou 23’was a hybrid Brassica napus variety with high yield and superior quality, strong stress tolerance, wide adaptability and suitability for agriculture mechanization. This paper provided the basis for its popularization and application by introducing the breeding process, characteristics and high-yield cultivation technology.

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Effects of Meteorological Conditions on Sunflower Quality in Hetao Irrigation Area

LIU Wei, BAO Jiajing, LIU Yanli

Journal of Agriculture 2025, 15 (3): 82-92. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0007

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In order to study the effects of meteorological conditions on the internal quality and appearance quality of sunflower seed kernels in Hetao Irrigation District, using the staged sowing experiment to record the development period of sunflowers, and the contents of linoleic acid and oleic acid in sunflower kernels were tested. The incidence of sunflower kernel rust spots, disease index and sunflower borer feeding rate were counted. Using Excel, the numerical relationship between the internal and external quality of sunflower kernel and meteorological conditions was analyzed. The results showed that the sowing date had obvious influence on the inner quality and appearance of sunflower. Considering these two aspects, the best sowing date should be from May 25 to June 2. When the sunshine duration from flowering to maturity was 393.3-396.4.8 h, the content of linoleic acid could be greatly increased and the content of oleic acid could be reduced. When the average relative humidity from flowering to maturity was 58%-59%, the quality of sunflower could be significantly improved. When the average temperature from flowering to maturity was 19.0-20.8℃, the inner quality and appearance of sunflower were obviously improved. Precipitation from flowering to maturity had significant effects on sunflower quality. When precipitation was 42-44 mm, the content of linoleic acid in sunflower was greatly increased. When the precipitation was 46.9 mm, the gnawing rate of moth was the lowest. Precipitation, relative humidity and water vapor pressure at flowering stage were negatively correlated with the occurrence index of sunflower rust spot. With the increase of moisture and humidity, the number of drought-fond pest thrips decreased sharply, so the incidence index of rust spot decreased.

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The Effects of Sowing Date and Density on Growth Process, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Agronomic Traits, Yield, and Quality of ‘Luodou 1304’

LI Lin, YAN Yun, KANG Jiangfei, MENG Qihan, FANG Shefa, CHEN Yingmin, GUO Jianqiu

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (8): 11-18. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0531

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In order to explore the optimal sowing date and density of the new soybean variety ‘Luodou 1304’ bred by Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, a split plot experimental design was adopted. The main plot was sowing period B (B₁: June 21, B₂: July 1, B₃: July 11), and the sub plot was density M (M₁: 135000 plants/hm², M₂: 180000 plants/hm², M₃: 225000 plants/hm², M₄: 270000 plants/hm²). The effects of sowing period and density on the growth process, photosynthetic characteristics, agronomic traits, yield, and quality of ‘Luodou 1304’were analyzed. The results showed that delaying the sowing date would shorten the growth process of ‘Luodou 1304’. For every 10 days of sowing delay, the growth period would be shortened by 4 days and 5 days, respectively. Early sowing at the appropriate time could significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate during the peak flowering and pod period, and reduced the intercellular CO₂ concentration during the peak flowering period; significantly reduced the height of the bottom pod and increased the weight of one hundred seeds; significantly increased crude protein content and total egg fat content. Reducing density would significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate during the peak pod period and significantly reduced the intercellular CO₂ concentration during the peak pod period; significantly increased effective branching per plant, effective pod number per plant, grain number per plant, and grain weight per plant. The sowing date had a significant impact on yield, with early sowing yielding more than late sowing. The average yield of B₁ sowing date was the highest, reaching 5269.49 kg/hm², significantly higher than that of B₂ and B₃ sowing dates. The effect of density on yield was relatively small. Under the B₁ sowing period, there was no significant difference in yield between different densities, and the yields under M₂, M₃, and M₄ densities were relatively high, reaching 5249.45 kg/hm², 5219.68 kg/hm², and 5683.21 kg/hm², respectively. This study found that planting density had a smaller effect on yield than sowing date. The most suitable sowing date for ‘Luodou 1304’ is June 21st, with a suitable density of 180000 to 270000 plants/hm². The study aims to provide theoretical and technical support for the demonstration and promotion of the new variety ‘Luodou 1304’.

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Research Status of Bacterial Degradation of Pesticide Residues in Soybean

WANG Haoyi, QIAO Wei, LIN Yuying, YANG Haobo, JIE Weiguang

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (6): 126-131. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0589

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This study comprehensively reviews the recent research on bacterial degradation of pesticide residues both domestically and internationally, enumerates the common bacteria for degrading pesticide residues in soybeans, conducts an in-depth analysis of the pathways and mechanisms of bacterial degradation of common pesticide residues in soybeans, and deliberates on the impacts of pesticide structure, the intrinsic mechanism of bacteria, and environmental factors on the bacterial degradation of pesticide residues in soybeans. In light of the issues such as soil and crop pollution caused by excessive pesticide use, which adversely affect human health and the ecological environment, the degradation function of bacteria on pesticides can be utilized for improvement, thereby enhancing crop yield and facilitating sustainable agricultural development. It is proposed that the further exploration of bacterial species capable of degrading pesticide residues in soybeans and the strategy of combining bacterial strains in the future should be pursued, with the aim of enhancing soybean yield and quality, reducing the harm of pesticide residues to human health, and providing a reference for ecological protection.

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Effects of Different Maize and Soybean Planting Patterns on Crop Yield, Economic Benefit and Soil Nutrient

LI Xianghua, FAN Caiying, XU Qin, HOU Jian, WANG Hui, LIU Yanyan, WANG Heng, LIU Guangya, HAN Wei

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (6): 22-28. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0762

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The aim is to study the effects of different planting densities and planting ratios on biomass accumulation, nitrogen absorption, yield and economic benefits, and soil nutrient status of maize and soybean. Based on a field experiment, six treatments, including maize monoculture (M), soybean monoculture (S), maize/soybean 2:4 mode (I₁) [60000 maize plants/hm²+135000 soybean plants/hm² (D₁), 67500 maize plants/hm²+135000 soybean plants/hm² (D₂)], and maize/soybean 4:6 mode (I₂) [60000 maize plants/hm²+135000 soybean plants/hm² (D₁), 67500 maize plants/hm²+135000 soybean plants/hm² (D₂)], were designed. The results showed that maize/soybean planting pattern significantly decreased crop yield and biomass, compared to M and S, maize yield was decreased by 18.91%-25.45%, biomass was decreased by 12.62%-30.69%, soybean yield was decreased by 50.43%-56.79%, and biomass was decreased by 36.84%-46.61%. The biomass and yield of maize in I₁ were lower than that of I₂, while soybean showed the opposite trend. Under the same planting ratio, the maize yield of D₁ was significantly higher than that of D₂, while the soybean yield was not significantly different. Due to the difference of yield and input cost, the economic benefits of different planting patterns are different. Among them, the economic benefits of I₁D₁ were increased the most compared with M and S, which were 38.61% and 22.25%, respectively. In addition, different maize/soybean planting patterns could improve the soil chemical properties, especially the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter in maize soil. Compared with M, I₁D₁ significantly increased the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter by 14.17% and 16.61%, respectively. Overall, the maize/soybean 2:4 planting pattern combined with 60000 maize plants/hm²+135000 soybean plants/hm² is the optimal treatment in terms of improving crop yield and economic benefits of the system and improving soil nutrient status, etc. The research results have certain theoretical value for the application and promotion of maize/soybean combined planting pattern in Shandong Province.

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Screening of Peanut Varieties with Natural Selenium-enrich

HUANG Zhipeng, TANG Xiumei, WU Haining, ZHANG Zongji, ZHONG Li, MAO Lingli, XU Xianfa, MING Ri, HE Liangqiong, ZHONG Ruichun, HAN Zhuqiang, TANG Ronghua, JIANG Jing

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (6): 38-43. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0810

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In order to ascertain the influence of soil selenium content on peanut selenium content, a total of 19 peanut varieties were used as materials. Three discrete treatments of soil selenium content were employed, comprising 0.42 mg/kg (treatment A), 0.73 mg/kg (treatment B) and 1.08 mg/kg (treatment C). The impact of varying soil selenium levels on the selenium content and selenium enrichment coefficient of peanut seed kernels was evaluated. A field trial was conducted using a randomised block design. The results demonstrated considerable variability in the selenium content and selenium enrichment coefficients of the seed kernels of the different varieties in the different treatments, with ranges of 0.102-0.306 mg/kg and 11.32%-40.16%, respectively. The seed kernel selenium content was found to be consistent with the specified limit value for selenium content in selenium-enriched peanuts (0.05-0.5 mg/kg) as outlined in the regional standard of Guangxi (DB45T 1061-2014). The seed kernel selenium content of peanuts was found to be higher under treatment C, while the selenium enrichment coefficient of peanuts was higher under treatment A. Among the participating varieties in diverse treatments, the seed kernel selenium content and selenium enrichment factor of 'Guihuahei 1' were found to be the highest. 'Guihuahei 1' shows efficient and stable selenium enrichment ability in soils with different selenium contents, and is an excellent variety for producing natural selenium-rich peanuts.

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Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Physiological Characteristics of Brassica napus Under Simulated Drought Stress

ZHU Yuanjie, TA Na, ZHAO Weiguo, ZHANG Mengru, LI Chengjun, HE Maochang

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (6): 44-52. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0224

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This study investigated the drought resistant of different lines of Brassica napus, which provided germplasm resources for the breeding of drought resistant rapeseed varieties. Eight different genetic background lines of Brassica napus were used as experimental materials to simulate drought stress treatment with different concentrations of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000). The SOD activity, CAT activity and MDA content were measured by colorimetric method, potassium permanganate titration method, and thiobarbituric acid method, respectively. The germination ratio and plant height of eight rapeseed lines both decreased with the increase of drought stress degree. However, the germination rate of ‘G32-1’ was between 96% and 98%, and it was almost unaffected. The plant height inhibition degree of‘G763-2’was the lightest (29.1%). The SOD activity of ‘G7-1’ showed the most significant decrease, with a decrease of 23.59 U/kg. Overall, the trend of SOD activity in ‘G32-1’ was higher than that in ‘G7-1’. The CAT activity of ‘Qingza No.1’ was relatively higher (1.16-1.48 mg/g), but the CAT activity of ‘G32-1’ was relatively lower (0.88-1.30 mg/g). The MDA content of ‘G7-1’ and ‘G32-1’ was at a relatively low level, which MDA content was 0.55-0.83 μmol/g and 0.47-1.14 μmol/g, respectively. In total, ‘G32-1’ had the strongest drought resistance and could be used as an excellent germplasm resource for cultivating drought resistant varieties of rapeseed.

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Effects of Different Sowing Date, Planting Density and N Amount on Agronomic Traits and Yield Benefits of Mountain Vegetable Rapeseed

YANG Jincheng, HU Xinzhou, TAO Chunhong, LI Yanlan, PU Jiafu, AN Jiannan, BO Yuecai, MAO Dongmei, LIU Jianjian, YANG Hongyun, LI Xiang, GUO Shiming, AN Zhengyun, SHI Lanfen

Journal of Agriculture 2025, 15 (2): 1-7. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0287

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In order to comprehensively evaluate and recommend the optimal treatment combination of sowing date, planting density and fertilizer amount for mountain vegetable rapeseed in high altitude mountainous areas, stepwise regression and grey correlation analysis methods was used, the agronomic traits and yield benefits of mountain vegetable rapeseed with 9 cultivation factor combinations at the same altitude in Yuxi from 2019 to 2021 were compared and analyzed. The results showed that, (1) with the delay of sowing date, plant height, fresh forage weight per plant, fresh moss weight per plant and harvested fresh moss weight showed a downward trend, and prolonging growth period, increasing fresh biomass per plant and fresh moss yield per plant were beneficial to the increase of moss yield; (2) the biological yield of fresh forage was different in different years among 9 combined treatments; (3) the correlation degree between the yield of rapeseed and the main agronomic factors of different combined treatments was very different; (4) there were different degrees of differences in the yields of the 9 treatment combinations in different years, and the yields of the 3 levels of sowing date and density were extremely significant and significant differences, respectively, while there was no significant difference between the 3 levels of N application amount; (5) the output value of mountain vegetable rapeseed varied to different degrees due to different treatment combinations, and the output value showed a sharp decline trend with the delay of sowing date. It was recommended that the optimal combination of sowing date, planting density and N amount of mountain vegetable rapeseed in high altitude mountainous area was sowing date on October 20 + planting density of 7.5×10⁴-10.5×10⁴ plants/hm²+ 5 leaf stage N amount of 172.5-207.0 kg/hm².

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Effect of Maize and Peanut Intercropping on Crop and Soil Characteristics

SUN Guangtao, BAO Guirong, TAI Jicheng, SA Rula, LIU Naijia, YU Miao, LI Anning

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (5): 7-12. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0290

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In order to study the influence of maize-peanut intercropping on crop and soil characteristics, this paper sets up the root separation test of corn and peanut potted plants to study the influence of maize and peanut intercropping on crop agronomic traits, physiological activities, soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activity and soil rapid nutrients. The results showed that maize-peanut intercropping affected the morphological and physiological indexes of crops. Plant height and relative chlorophyll content of peanut were increased by 71.4% and 11.3%, but root length, root weight and leaf weight were not significantly affected. Plant height, leaf fresh weight and root length of maize were increased by 43.9%, 122% and 45.6%, respectively. But there was no significant effect on the relative content of chlorophyll. Maize-peanut intercropping improved plant stress resistance, increased SOD and POD activities of peanut leaves by 66.7% and 129%, and decreased MDA content of peanut roots by 19.8%, respectively. The activities of SOD in leaves and roots of maize were increased by 39.9% and 17.0%, respectively, while MDA content in roots decreased by 61%. Maize-peanut intercropping changed soil available nutrient content, decreased peanut soil available N by 79.5%, but increased soil available P by 11.5%, and had no effect on soil available K content. It had no effect on maize soil available N and K, but decreased soil available P by 9.4%. Maize-peanut intercropping affected soil biological characteristics and increased soil enzyme activities, especially the alkaline phosphates activity. The soil alkaline phosphates activity in peanut and maize fields increased by 122% and 330%, respectively. The Maize-peanut intercropping could improve soil microenvironment and physiological activities of leaves and roots in seedling stage.

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Correlation Analysis Between Sucrose Content in Peanuts and Meteorological Factors and Quality Traits

HE Liu, YUAN Xiaoyan, ZHANG Yusong, LIU Lijing, ZHONG Liqiong, ZHAO Kaiqin, ZHANG Lifan, HE Xiaoying, FU Minglian

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (3): 18-24. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0160

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In order to explore the correlation between peanut sucrose content and meteorological factors and quality traits such as oil, protein, oleic acid and linoleic acid content, the experimental materials were planted in the warm and cold areas for two consecutive years, and field agronomic date, yield data and meteorological data were collected. The quality of the test materials was analyzed by Perten DA7250 near-infrared spectrometer. The difference of sucrose content was evaluated by simple comparison, correlation analysis and grey correlation analysis. The average sucrose contents of the experimental materials in the cold and warm areas were 5.823% and 1.908%, respectively. The sucrose contents of W26, W172, W225, W239, W251, W377 and W411 germplasm were >2.5% in the warm region and >6% in the cold region. The sucrose content of peanut seed kernel was closely related to the temperature during the growth period, and was significantly negatively correlated with the average maximum temperature at the podding stage, and was significantly negatively correlated with the average minimum temperature, average temperature and≥10℃ accumulated temperature from the flowering stage to the maturity stage. The results of grey correlation analysis showed that the factors affecting sucrose content were average maximum temperature > average minimum temperature > average temperature > accumulated temperature. There was a significant negative correlation between sucrose content and oil content. The average sucrose content in the cold and warm areas differed by 3.915 %. The sucrose content of peanut is greatly affected by high temperature during the growth period. Low temperature is more conducive to the accumulation of sucrose content in peanut kernels. Reducing the oil content of peanut varieties may help to increase the sucrose content of peanuts. And seven germplasms with high sucrose content in different habitats were screened out.

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Study on Yield and Economic Benefits of Fresh Maize-Sweet Potato-Soybean Intercropping

HAN Li, ZHANG Fangkui, LI Qiuzhuo, SHI Chan, ZENG Xiuli, ZHANG Xingduan

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (36): 17-23. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0273

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In order to explore a new intercropping model that suitable for the flatland and shallow hill in Chongqing and similar ecological areas, increase the yield and economic benefits of crops, and provide reference for research on crop intercropping models, an intercropping experiment with fresh maize, sweet potato, and soybean was conducted. In this experiment, three different row ratios of maize-sweet potato-soybean intercropping models were used, with one fresh waxy maize variety, three fresh sweet potato varieties, and one fresh soybean variety as materials. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the yield components of fresh waxy maize in different row ratio intercropping models, but there was a significant difference in the average fresh ear weight per plant and yield. There were no significant differences in the number of branches, effective pod number per plant, and fresh pod yield of fresh soybean in different row ratio intercropping models. In the intercropping system, sweet potatoes in different row ratio intercropping were affected by the shading of maize, resulting in varying degrees of reduction in storage root yield. The different row ratio intercropping models had inconsistent effects on the number of storage root per plant and commodity rate of different sweet potato varieties. Increasing the intercropping planting density of fresh sweet potato and waxy maize properly is beneficial for achieving high yields. Using the row ratio model of 2:2:3, and intercropping fresh waxy maize and fresh soybean with sweet potato variety ‘Pushu32’ can achieve the highest total economic benefits.

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Effect of Sowing Date and Seeding Rates on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Winter Rapeseed

LIANG Lipeng, LIU Zhewen, CAO Chunli, GAO Lihui, WANG Haishan, SONG Juhong, TIAN Dongliang, TIAN Guoying, FU Yali

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (36): 37-42. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0279

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In order to explore the effects of sowing date and sowing rate on the agronomic traits and yield of winter rapeseed, provide scientific basis for the production of winter rapeseed in central and southern Hebei Province, the effects of two factors on the growth period, population density formation, agronomic traits and yield of winter oilseed rape were analyzed. Using ‘Tianyou 1358’ and ‘Hengyou 8’ as materials, a two-factor split plot experiment with 5 sowing dates and 4 sowing rates was carried out. The results showed that with the delay of sowing date, the seedling density and branch height of winter rapeseed increased significantly, and the wintering rate, plant height, the number of primary effective branches, the number of effective pods per plant, 1000-seed weight and yield decreased significantly. With the increase of sowing rate, the seedling density and branch height of winter rapeseed increased significantly, the plant height, the number of effective pods per plant and the wintering rate decreased significantly, the number of primary effective branches, the number of seeds per pod and the 1000-seed weight did not change significantly, and the yield increased first and then decreased. The regeneration period of the same variety was the same, but with the delay of sowing date, the budding stage, the early flowering stage and the full flowering stage were also postponed and more obvious, and the final flowering stage and the maturity stage were postponed but the delay time was reduced. The yield of 'Tianyou 1358' and 'Hengyou 8' was the highest when the sowing rate was 6 kg/hm² and 4.5 kg/hm², respectively, and the corresponding sowing date was September 10th. The suitable sowing date in Shijiazhuang area is September 10th to 30th, and early sowing should be carried out if the stubble is allowed. The sowing rate should be controlled at 4.5-6 kg/hm². The reasonable cultivation techniques were summarized in order to provide scientific basis for winter rapeseed production in central and southern Hebei.

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Effects of Sowing Date on Growth and Yield of Peanut ‘Yuhua 65’

XIONG Kun, MA Meijuan, JIN Chenyi, YU Weidong

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (32): 16-22. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0128

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Field experiments were conducted to determine the most suitable sowing date for high oleic acid peanut in Henan Province. The study aimed to examine the effects of different sowing dates on the growth, development, and yield of high oleic acid peanut. The high oleic peanut variety ‘Yuhua 65’ was used as experimental material. The sowing experiments were conducted at the Zhengzhou Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station from 2020 to 2021 and at the Shangqiu Agricultural Meteorological Observation Station in 2022. During the experiment, the main growth stages such as sowing, emergence, flowering, injection, full fruit, and maturity were observed and recorded. After harvest, the pod yield and its constituent factors were measured, and the main factors affecting the yield were determined by path analysis. Based on the accumulated temperature during the entire growth period of peanut determined by the field experiment, combined with the daily air temperature data from 1991 to 2020 of the Zhengzhou and Shangqiu meteorological observation stations, the suitable sowing dates of spring and summer peanuts were calculated respectively. The study revealed that the growth periods of plants were shortened when the sowing date was delayed. For every 10-day delay in sowing, the days of emergence, flowering and the whole growth period were shortened by 1-2 days, 3-4 days and 3-5 days, respectively. The effective accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ during the whole growth period was approximately 2100 ℃·d for spring sowing conditions and about 1900 ℃ for summer sowing. The average effective accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ for the entire growth stage of peanut decreased by about 80℃ for every 10-day delay of sowing date. The yield of sowing in mid-to-late May was higher, followed by mid-April, and the yield of sowing in June decreased with the delay of sowing date. The path analysis showed that the pod weight per plant was the primary factor affecting pod yield, followed by the kernel rate. Pod number per plant and 100 kernel weight had no significant response to sowing date. Under an 80% guarantee rate, the spring sowing date for ‘Yuhua 65’ should not be earlier than April 27, and the summer sowing date should be before June 6. The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for high-oleic acid peanut cultivation in Henan Province.

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Effect of Altitude Environment on Grain Quality Characters of Brassica napus L.

ZHAO Caixia, WANG Jinxiong

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (32): 23-29. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0784

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This article studied the laws of the quality change of Brassica napus L. in different altitude environments, aiming to provide a reference for high altitude Brassica napus L. introduction and quality breeding. The effects of three altitudes on the quality of erucic acid, glucosinolate, oil content, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid of C18 fatty acids in rapeseed were compared and analyzed with 11 rapeseed lines. The results showed that the oil content of Brassica napus L. seed showed an increasing trend with the increase of altitude, and the performance among lines was consistent, with a coefficient of variation of 0.0822. Erucic acid content increased significantly after planting at high-altitude in Lhasa, and the content of glucosinolate increased to different degrees in high altitude planting than in low altitude planting. The coefficient of variation between the two was larger, which was 0.3364 and 0.4920, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that erucic acid content and oil content were significantly positively correlated with altitude, and the correlation coefficients were 0.865 and 0.750, respectively. Glucosinol was significantly correlated with altitude, and the correlation coefficient was 0.428. High altitude was conducive to the accumulation of oil content, erucic acid and glucosinolates. The elevation of latitude was conducive to the accumulation of palmic acid and stearic acid, and the change of temperature was the main factor of most quality content changes.

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Effects of Different Cultivation Factor Combinations on Agronomic Traits and Yield Benefits of No-tillage Forage Rape in Mountainous Areas

YANG Jincheng, LIU Jianjian, HE Quan, ZHANG Zhong, LIU Ying, SHI Lanfen, LI Yanlan, HU Xinzhou, WANG Aiming, YANG Xiaobo, BAI Tingyu, LI Xiang, PU Jiafu, BAI Yuecai

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (32): 37-43. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0086

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In order to scientifically put forward the optimal cultivation factor combination of sowing density and fertilizer amount for no-tillage forage rape in mountainous areas, the agronomic traits and yield benefits of no-till mountain forage rape with 9 cultivation factors combined in the same high-altitude pilot in Yuxi from 2019 to 2021 were compared using grey correlation degree and stepwise regression analysis methods. The results showed, (1) the growth period was shortened with the delay of sowing date, the growth period of the last two sowing dates were 10 d and 20 d shorter than that of the first date. (2) Plant height, effective number of corner fruits per plant, fresh forage weight per plant and yield of fresh harvested grass showed a decreasing trend with the delay of sowing date. (3)The correlation degree between forage yield and main agronomic factors was significantly different in different cultivation combinations. (4) The fresh grass yield of 9 combinations in different years had different degrees of difference. (5) With the delay of sowing date, the output value and benefit of rape forage grass showed an obvious decreasing trend. The optimal cultivation factor combination of forage rape in high altitude mountainous areas is sowing on September 20 + planting density 3.0×10⁵-3.6×10⁵ plants/hm² + urea application amount at 5 leaf stage 450-525 kg/hm².

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Approved Fresh Soybean Cultivars Based on Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

LI Qinghua, GU Zhiwei, LIN Haifeng, YAN Dunwei, ZHENG Long, CHEN Zilin, KE Qingming

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (30): 17-25. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0904

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The aims are to make better use of the approved varieties of Fujian fresh soybean, and select more excellent varieties for the production and application of Fujian Fresh Soybean and the select breeding parents. In this study, 14 main agronomic traits of 22 approved fresh soybean varieties in Fujian Province from 2003 to 2022 were investigated and determined using genetic variation analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis, and principal component clustering and comprehensive evaluation were carried out. The results showed that there were abundant variation among the 14 main agronomic traits, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 3.36% to 24.65%. There were significant positive correlations between stem diameter and harvest days, between effective branch number, pod height, standard pod number of two or more seeds and plant height, between effective branches, more than two standard pods, average number of seeds per pod, pod weight per plant and stem diameter, between effective pods per plant, more than two standard pods and node number of main stem. There were significant negative correlations between the standard pod number per kg and the standard pod length, fresh 100-seed weight. Principal component analysis indicated that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first six principal component factors, such as pod yield factor, standard pod plumpness factor, plant type factor, pod type factor, growth period factor and standard pod number factor, was 89.15%, which basically reflected the information of the original data of 22 varieties, so a comprehensive evaluation model could be constructed to screen the varieties with higher comprehensive character scores. The 22 varieties could be divided into 5 groups at the Euclidean distance of 4.86 by using class-average method, and the varieties with higher comprehensive scores of principal components were mostly in the third group. Through comprehensive analysis and evaluation, seven varieties of ‘Mindou 9’, ‘Xinghua dou 5’, ‘Mindou 10’, ‘Jiaoda11’, ‘Mindou 7’, ‘Xinghua Dou 1’ and ‘Xinghua dou 618’ were selected for the main production applications and parent selection of breeding of Fujian fresh soybean.

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Effects of Different Seed Coating Formulations on Growth of Rapeseed

LI Lingyu, CHEN Zhan, ZHOU Yuying, DING Fei, WANG Guohuai, ZHANG Zhenqian

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (10): 1-5. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0271

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To improve the quality of seeds, realize the standardization of seeds, and promote the increase of rapeseed yield, the effects of different drug varieties on the growth of rapeseed were explored by pelletizing coating of rapeseed seeds in this study. Among them, the effects of pelletized seed coating agent (NXY-1) and Switzerland suspension seed coating agent (SLS) coated with different drug ratios on the seedling growth of rapeseed were studied using Brassica napus 'Fan-ming No. 1' as the test material. The results showed that the optimal seed mass ratio was 1:300 in the pelletized seed coating agent NXY-1, and the pelletized seed coating agent could promote seed emergence, with the highest dry-to-fresh weight ratio before winter and full flowering stage, and the nitrogen and phosphorus content and potassium content were the highest 21 days after emergence compared with the control, which could effectively increase the contents of chlorophyll and gibberellin, and the effect was better than that of the imported seed coating agent SLS.

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Soil Nutrient Status and Fertility Evaluation in Brown Soil Peanut Production Area of outheastern Shandong Province: A Case Study of Yinan County

GUO Yanping, TANG Hongjie, LIU Deyou, YAO Jing, HUANG Jinli

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (10): 25-32. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0227

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The study aims to clarify the soil fertility status of the brown soil peanut production area in southeastern Shandong, and provide reference for the management of soil nutrient resources in the peanut production area. The soil samples of peanut production area in Yinan County, a typical brown soil, were selected to determine soil bulk density, pH and various nutrient components. The results showed that the brown soil farmland in the peanut production area of southeastern Shandong was mainly composed of poorly permeable plots, with poor soil aggregate structure and low permeability; it was mostly acidic or slightly acidic, with severe soil acidification; organic matter, phosphorus and calcium content were relatively abundant; nitrogen supply capacity was moderate, but with small capacity, potential for nitrogen nutrition was lacking; the potassium supply intensity was relatively small, the potential was too low, and the potential potassium nutrition was severely lacking; effective manganese was lacking, effective boron was moderate, while the content of effective copper, effective zinc, effective iron, and effective molybdenum were relatively abundant. Among the six main evaluation indicators that directly affect peanut growth, except for pH and available potassium level at level 4 and available nitrogen level at level 3, other three indicators were all at level 2. The distribution of nutrients in brown soil in southeastern Shandong was uneven, with severe acidification of farmland, moderate nitrogen nutrients, severe potassium deficiency, and abundant phosphorus and calcium nutrients. Through deep tillage and loosening of the soil, supplementing nitrogen, increasing potassium fertilizer application, formula fertilization and other agricultural measures, the active soil layer was thickened, the fertilizer and water retention capacity was improved, and the soil environment was improved, which was more suitable for the growth and development of peanuts. The brown soil in this area also had trace element conditions that were conducive to improving peanut yield and quality, making it a fertile soil for peanut production.

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