Wheat

Select

Analysis of High Yield and Quality of a New Wheat Line ‘Shi 17T5252’ Under Water-saving Irrigation

GAO Xinmei, SHI Zhanliang, ZHAO Yankun, LI Zhankun, SHAN Zilong, CAO Qiao, HAN Ran, HE Mingqi, FU Xiaoyi, MA Liang, GAO Zhenxian

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (11): 1-8. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0428

Abstract + (83) HTML (6) PDF (1428KB) (65)

In order to recommend new water-saving wheat varieties to alleviate the pressure of agricultural water use in Hebei Province, we explored the water-saving and high-yield characteristics of a new water-saving wheat strain ‘Shi 17T5252’. We studied the yield, morphology, grain filling and quality of a new wheat line ‘Shi 17T5252’ and a water-saving control variety ‘Shimai 22’ during the entire growth period, with irrigation of no water (W0), jointing water (W1), jointing and grouting water (W2). The fluorescence parameters of leaves at jointing stage, heading stage and middle filling stage were also measured. The results showed that the yield of ‘Shi 17T5252’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Shimai 22’ under the condition of W1 and W2, with an increase of 10.32% and 7.56%, respectively, W1 increased grain yield by increasing 1000-grain weight, while W2 increased yield by increasing grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight. Compared with W0, W1 and W2 did not increase plant height, but significantly increased spike length of ‘Shimai 22’ and grain number per spike of ‘Shi 17T5252’ by 0.72-0.84 cm and 1.33-5.03 grains, respectively. Compared with W1, W2 significantly increased the grain length and width of ‘Shimai 22’ by 0.36 mm and 0.32 mm, respectively, and ‘Shi 17T5252’ increased the grain width by 0.31 mm. The Fv/Fm ratio at heading stage of ‘Shimai 22’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Shi 17T5252’ only under W0 treatment. The protein content, wet gluten content and gluten index of ‘Shi 17T5252’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Shimai 22’. The results indicate that ‘Shi 17T5252’ has achieved synchronous improvement in yield and quality under water-saving irrigation conditions, and is expected to become the main wheat variety for water-saving irrigation in Hebei.

Select

Assessment of Impact of Spring Climate Change on Winter Wheat Yield in Longdong Loess Plateau Area

ZHANG Hongni, LI Xiangke, ZHANG Hongfen, ZHANG Tianfeng, ZHOU Zhongwen, CHE Ke

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (11): 78-83. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0413

Abstract + (51) HTML (6) PDF (1283KB) (35)

To study the impact of spring climate change on winter wheat yield in the representative area of Longdong loess plateau, the Xifeng district of Qingyang city, utilizing the data on the average temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours in spring and winter wheat yield from 1985 to 2020, the characteristics of spring climate change and its impact on winter wheat yield formation were analyzed. The results showed that the spring average temperature anomaly increased significantly with the years, with a rising rate of 1.04℃ per decade, which was much higher than the global and national average levels. The precipitation anomaly percentage showed a fluctuating decreasing trend, with a decreasing rate of 2.72 mm per decade. The sunshine hours anomaly percentage showed an increasing trend, with an increasing rate of 2.45 h per decade. The winter wheat yield showed an increasing trend, with an increasing rate of 470.14 kg/hm² per decade. The match between the climate resources in the critical growth period of winter wheat and its yield formation was reflected by the abundance or scarcity of the climate yield. Over the 36 years, the abundance of production years with good matching accounted for 58%, and the scarcity of production years accounted for 42%. The years with meteorological conditions favorable for winter wheat yield formation accounted for 53%, and unfavorable years accounted for 47%. The research results can guide crop layout and agricultural production in the region according to climate change, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and play positive role in promoting the quality and production of winter wheat.

Select

Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition on Nutrient Content and Ecological Stoichiometry Characteristics of Wheat Soils in Loess Plateau

LI Zhiqiang, QI Peng, WANG Yazhi, WANG Xiaojiao, GAN Run, XUE Jianglong, LI Guoshan

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (10): 95-102. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0365

Abstract + (48) HTML (3) PDF (1598KB) (22)

To investigate the effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus levels on total nutrient content, available nutrient content and ecological stoichiometry in agricultural soils, the authors analyzed the relationships between soil environmental factors, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content, and the ecological stoichiometry of total and available nutrients to elucidate the impact of different fertilizer levels on the dynamic balance of soil nutrients in agricultural fields. We selected spring wheat farmland soils in Loess Plateau as our research subject and conducted N and P addition experiments in 2017. The experimental treatments included a control group (CK), low nitrogen (LN), medium nitrogen (MN), high nitrogen (HN), low phosphorus (LP), medium phosphorus (MP) and high phosphorus (HP), totaling seven treatments. The results showed that: (1) nitrogen addition significantly increased the content of ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) in the soil, while phosphorus addition significantly decreased the NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N content (P<0.05). The addition of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients had no significant effect on total nitrogen (TN) content (P>0.05). (2) N addition significantly increased soil C/N, C/P, N/P, C/AP and AN/AP ratios, and significantly decreased soil C/AN ratio (P<0.05). P addition significantly decreased soil C/N, C/P, N/P, C/AP and AN/AP ratios, and increased soil C/AN ratio (P<0.05). (3) Soil C/N and C/AN showed a significant negative correlation (P<0.05), while C/P and C/AP, N/P and AN/AP showed a significant positive correlation. In conclusion, available nutrient content and available ecological stoichiometry in agricultural soils in loess plateau region are more sensitive to N and P nutrient additions.

Select

Analysis of Yield and Quality Traits of New Weak-Gluten Wheat Cultivar ‘Ningmai 36’

YAO Jinbao, YANG Xueming, ZHANG Peng, FAN Xiangyun, YU Guihong, HE Yi, WANG Huadun

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 20-24. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0356

Abstract + (116) HTML (3) PDF (1165KB) (23)

To further understand the production characteristics and applicable value of the new wheat variety ‘Ningmai 36’, its yield potential, yield stability and adaptability as well as quality traits closely related to the weak-gluten wheat were analyzed. The trial data were obtained from the regional tests and production tests of wheat varieties in Huainan wheat consortium of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences consisted of institutions and enterprises during 2019-2022, and the quality tests conducted in the breeding base of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2021-2022, with ‘Yangmai20’ as a check variety. The results showed that the average yield of ‘Ningmai 36’ increased by 4.02%, 5.60% and 5.99% respectively compared with the check variety ‘Yangmai 20’ during 2019-2022 yield tests, and the yield increase reached a very significant level. The high stability coefficient (HSC) and fitness of ‘Ningmai 36’ were significantly higher than that of check variety ‘Yangmai 20’. The quality indexes of ‘Ningmai 36’ tested in the 2020 regional trial were all up to (GB/T17893-1999) and (GB/T17320-1998) standard for weak-gluten wheat. The four solvent retention capacities (SRC) of ‘Ningmai 36’ were lower than that of the check variety ‘Yangmai 20’, and the cookie diameter of ‘Ningmai 36’ was 0.91 cm larger than that of ‘Yangmai 20’. ‘Ningmai 36’ with high yielding-potential, good stability, broad adaptability and better weak-gluten quality has a wide application prospect in the Huainan area of Jiangsu Province.

Select

Effects of Different Sowing Methods on Yield Components and Flag Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics of Winter Wheat

DING Hao, GAO Haitao, BI Xiangjun, LI Shengdong

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 9-19. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0329

Abstract + (76) HTML (7) PDF (1450KB) (41)

To explore the effects of different sowing methods on the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat, and provide a theoretical basis for further improving winter wheat yield, ‘Jimai 44’ was used as the experimental material and the experiment was conducted at Changyi Experimental Farm of Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Yueyang Professional Cooperative in Daiyue District of Tai'an City from 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020. Four sowing methods were set up under field conditions including winter wheat precision sowing and semi precision sowing (PS), winter wheat wide precision sowing (WPS), winter wheat seedling with less tillage sowing (LTS), and winter wheat rake pressure integration single grain uniform sowing (SUS). The tillering rate, leaf SPAD value, leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, effective light intensity radiation, and yield of winter wheat under different sowing methods at the wheat seedling stage, turning green stage, jointing stage, filling stage, and mature stage were measured. The differences in the structure and physiological characteristics of winter wheat population under different sowing methods were analyzed. The experiment showed that the average tillering rate of SUS in two years increased by 14.94%, 29.37%, and 15.03% compared to PS, WPS, and LTS, respectively; the chlorophyll content of flag leaves increased by 7.54%, 7.06%, 5.79%, and 8.30%, 8.15%, 5.50% during flowering and mid filling stages, respectively; the leaf area index increased by 13.8%, 8.88%, and 6.32% during the flowering period, respectively; the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves increased by 13.15%, 11.50%, and 12.23% during the flowering period, respectively; the photosynthetic effective radiation of the canopy increased by 17.10%, 18.96%, and 10.73% during the flowering period, respectively. In terms of yield, compared to other three sowing methods, SUS increased the number of panicles, thousand grain weight, and yield by 5.17%-8.93%, 5.33%-9.52%, and 6.11%-14.86%, respectively, in two years. Overall, compared to PS, WPS, and LTS, SUS can significantly improve the tillering rate and flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics of wheat, and ultimately achieve an increase in grain yield by increasing the number of spikes and thousand grain weights. The integrated single grain uniform sowing method (SUS) of winter wheat with harrowing and pressing can significantly improve the photosynthetic capacity of winter wheat, increase the effective amount of light radiation intercepted by the canopy, and is a reasonable sowing mode for achieving high yield of winter wheat.

Select

Effects of Soil Fertility Gradient and Its Indicators on Wheat Yield and Quality Traits in Hilly Areas

MA Aiping, JING Hua, KANG Xiuli, ZHAO Yukun, CUI Huanhu, HUANG Xuefang, XI Jilong

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (7): 101-107. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0214

Abstract + (69) HTML (2) PDF (1212KB) (12)

To improve the yield and quality of dryland wheat and clarify the correlation between soil fertility gradient, fertility indicators and wheat yield, quality traits respectively, the influence of soil fertility gradient and its indicators on wheat yield and quality traits in hilly areas was studied in Xiangning County, Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2020. The results showed that soil fertility gradient had obvious influence on panicle number, grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight; nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium and yield, spike number, 1000-grain weight showed positive correlations; available phosphorus and yield, spike number showed linear positive correlation, while no significant difference between available phosphorus and 1000-grain weight and nitrate nitrogen; the correlation between total nitrogen, organic matter, rapidly available potassium, available phosphorus and spike number was not significant; the correlation degree of different soil fertility indicators with yield and three yield factors showed nitrate nitrogen>total nitrogen>organic matter>available potassium>available phosphorus. Soil fertility gradient had obvious influence on protein content, wet gluten content, ductility, stability time and formation time; three traits of total nitrogen, available potassium and nitrate nitrogen were positive correlated with protein content, wet gluten content, ductility, stability time and formation time, organic matter was positive correlated to ductility, while it was not significant to the other quality traits; available phosphorus was not significantly correlated with protein content, wet gluten content, ductility, stability time and formation time, the correlation degree between different fertility indicators and quality traits generally showed nitrate nitrogen> available potassium> total nitrogen> organic matter> available phosphorus. Yield was positively correlated with protein content, wet gluten content, ductility and formation time, but it was not significant with stable time.

Select

Effect of Chemical Seed Dressing on Seedling Strength and Yield of Late-sowing Wheat in Huaihe River Region

SHAO Wenqi, DONG Qingjun, DONG Yubing, ZHONG Ping, JI Li, CHEN Chuan, ZHANG Ankang

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (6): 22-28. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0244

Abstract + (67) HTML (5) PDF (1175KB) (26)

Delayed sowing time can easily lead to a yield decrease in wheat. In order to explore the effect of chemical seed dressing on the seedling strength and yield of late sowing wheat, ‘Huaimai 40’ was used as the experimental material, and four different chemical seed dressing treatments were set up to investigate and analyze the data of wheat growth quality, grain yield, and other aspects. The results showed that chemical seed dressing could improve the seedling rate of wheat, reduce the seedling height, increase leaf age, and promote root growth and biomass accumulation. The seed dressing could increase tillering and effective panicle number, enhance the proportion of large panicles, and improve grain yield. Compared with the control, Y₃ treatment promoted the seedling rate by 2.1%, reduced plant height by 11.9% before overwintering, increased leaf age by 16.4%, enhanced the width of the stem base by 58.2%, and increased the dry weight of the aboveground and root systems by 35.8% and 45.9%, respectively. The tillering ability was significantly enhanced, therefore the effective panicle number was increased by 12.4% with Y₃ treatment. The grain number and thousand grain weight per panicle were enhanced, and grain yield was increased by 19.4% with Y₃. In summary, Y₃ treatment can enhance the growth quality of wheat and achieve yield stability and increase under the condition of delayed sowing of wheat.

Select

Effect of Different Irrigation Patterns on Stem Structure, Yield Composition and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in Huanghuai Region

DUAN Guohui, TIAN Wenzhong, GAO Haitao, YANG Hongqiang, ZHANG Shaolan, DONG Zhongdong, WEN Hongxia, LV Shuzuo, GU Jingjing

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (5): 1-8. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0205

Abstract + (128) HTML (12) PDF (1399KB) (56)

To screen water-saving varieties and provide management guidance for variety production and planting, promotion varieties in the Huanghuai region were selected to analyze the changes in plant height and stem structure, yield composition, and water use efficiency (WUE) of different varieties under three modes: only base fertilizer (W₀), base fertilizer+water at jointing stage (W₁), and base fertilizer+water at jointing stage and grouting stage (W₂). The results showed that: (1) compared to W0, the plant height, stem length under spike, the length of penultimate internode and the 3rd internode from top increased significantly under W1 treatment, with the largest increase in the stem length under spike, and the basal internode changes were not significant; compared to W₁, there was an increase in plant height under W₂ treatment, but the increase of each internode was not significant; compared to W0, the plant height of 'Zhoumai 18' and 'Luomai 28' increased significantly under W₂, with increase of 36.49% and 35.30% respectively; under W₁ and W₂ treatments, the basal internode length of 'Zhengmai 129' was the largest, and attention should be paid to fertilizer and water management to prevent lodging during production and utilization; (2) compared to W₀, under W₁ treatment, ear number per plant and the number of grains per panicle increased significantly, and the thousand grain weight decreased significantly, resulting in a significant increase in yield; compared to W₁, W₂ treatment showed a significant increase in thousand grain weight and yield, while other differences were not significant; (3) compared to W0, WUE of varieties under W₁ treatment increased significantly, and 'Fengdecun 12' and 'Luomai 28' had the highest WUE; compared to W₁, WUE of varieties under W₂ treatment was significantly lower than that under W₁ treatment, with 'Fengdecun 12' and 'Luomai 28' still had the highest WUE.

Select

Effects on Wheat Seed Germination and Seedling Growth under Salt Treatment: Endophytic Fungi Fermentation Broth

JU Yawen, XU Peng, CHEN Yali, FU Yousheng, CAO Kaige

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (3): 26-32. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0218

Abstract + (91) HTML (4) PDF (1639KB) (23)

The aim was to clarify the effects of the interaction between endophytic fungal fermentation broth and salt stress on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Using ‘Huaimai 44’ as the material, indoor germination experiments and greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to collect data on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. The results showed that low salt concentration promoted the germination and seedling growth of wheat seeds, while high salt concentration inhibited their germination and growth. With the increase of salt stress concentration, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index as well as radical length, and embryo length of wheat seeds showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the fresh and dry weight and aboveground plant height and fresh weight of seedlings showed a linear downward trend. Spraying 10% endophytic fungal fermentation broth had a significant promoting effect on the germination rate, germination potential, dry and fresh weight, radicle length, and aboveground plant height of wheat seeds. Endophytic fungal fermentation broth can promote the germination of wheat seeds and seedling growth under salt stress conditions, thereby improving wheat salt tolerance.

Select

Effects of Different Application Methods and Amounts of Iron Dihydroporphyrin Soluble Powder on Wheat Growth

LI Ke, GU Dalu, DU Xiaofeng, JIANG Weiqin, CHE Yang, SONG Jiamin, WEN Zhangrong, YANG Wenfei, XU Yonggang, YANG Wei

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (3): 33-40. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0124

Abstract + (93) HTML (2) PDF (1470KB) (20)

To investigate the effect of 0.02% iron dihydroporphyrin soluble powder on wheat in different ways and dosages, ‘Huaimai 139’ was used as the test material, 0.02% iron dihydroporphyrin soluble powder was applied at 22.5, 45, 67.5 and 90 g per hectare, and clear water was used as the control (CK). The optimum dosage range and application technique of 0.02% iron dihydroporphyrin soluble powder for wheat were investigated by seed dressing and foliar spraying at the nodulation stage and the beginning of ears, respectively. The results showed that compared with the CK, both seed dressing and foliar spraying at 45 g/hm² and 67.5 g/hm² could improve wheat yield, among which the highest yield was obtained at 67.5 g/hm² with 8.4% increase in seed dressing, and 6.89%, 7.8% and 1.8% increase in effective spike number, spike grain number and grain weight; foliar spraying at both the nodulation stage and the beginning of ears, the highest yields were obtained at the treatment of 67.5 g/hm², with 11.8% and 14.04% increase in yield and 10.15% increase in thousand grain weight at the beginning of the spike. This indicated that 45 g/hm² and 67.5 g/hm² 0.02% iron dihydroporphine soluble powder enhanced leaf photosynthetic capacity and grain filling capacity by increasing wheat plant biomass and chlorophyll content, and enhanced catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities to improve wheat stress tolerance and provide material conditions for yield formation. Therefore, different application methods with corresponding 0.02% iron dihydroporphyrin soluble powder dosage can effectively improve wheat yield, and the application rate of 67.5 g/hm² had the largest yield increase. Considering all indicators, the effect of foliar spraying is better than seed dressing.

Select

Co-toxicity and Field Control Efficacy of Mixtures of Prothioconazole and Propiconazole to Fusarium Head Blight Caused by Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch

CHEN Hongzhou, WANG Bingbing, WANG Chenbin, ZHANG Xinjian, YANG Hongfu, XU Chao, ZHANG Jianhua, ZHU Feng

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (2): 114-120. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0559

Abstract + (76) HTML (5) PDF (1312KB) (13)

In order to explore a new reagent for controlling fusarium head blight (FHB), the indoor toxicity of prothioconazole, propiconazole and their seven mixtures on Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch had been detected by using mycelium growth rate method. Meanwhile, the field control tests of the optimum formulation on FHB, DON in wheat grain, wheat powdery mildew (WPM) and wheat leaf rust (WLR) had been conducted, respectively. The results of indoor toxicity tests showed that the synergistic coefficient was 2.4375 when the mixture of prothioconazole and propiconazole at the ratio of 1:1, and the synergistic effect was the most significant. The results of the field control efficacy showed that the FHB disease index (DI) and DON control efficacy of 40% prothioconazole·propiconazole oil dispersion (OD) 600 g/hm² were 93.46% and 91.26%, respectively, while the control efficacy against WPM DI and WLR DI on the 21^th day after 2 times of spraying were 93.50% and 93.19%, respectively, both of which were higher than the control efficacy of the common fungicide tebuconazole or carbendazim, and it was safe for wheat growth. 40% prothioconazole·propiconazole OD provided excellent control efficacy on FHB and DON in wheat grain, as well as excellent simultaneous control efficacy on WPM and WLR, which had good development potential.

Select

The Damage of Invasive Alien Plants Avena fatua and Aegilops tauschii on Wheat Production in Xi'an

SONG Xingjiang, WANG Tao, LI Fangxiang, CHANG Xiaojian, LI Xindi, SHI Yan, WANG Jia, LIU Gang

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2023, 39 (36): 112-118. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0778

Abstract + (122) HTML (1) PDF (1804KB) (31)

In order to evaluate the harm caused by the invasive weeds Avena fatua and Aegilops tauschii to wheat production in China, and to improve awareness and attention to the issue of biological invasion, this study took wheat fields in Xi'an as research objects, and thoroughly analyzed the impact of A. fatua and A. tauschii on wheat production through three consecutive years of field surveys from 2016 to 2018. It was found that A. fatua caused an average yield reduction of 16.35% in wheat, with a maximum reduction of 35.03%. The economic loss per hectare could reach 5,000 yuan, and the total wheat production in Xi'an decreased by 2.04×10⁸ kg, resulting in an annual economic loss of 3.92×10⁸ yuan and a cumulative loss of 1.18×10⁹ yuan over three years. A. tauschii caused an average yield reduction of 7.14% in wheat, with a maximum reduction of 21.35%. The economic loss per hectare could reach 3,000 yuan, and the total wheat production in Xi'an decreased by 1.24×10⁸ kg, resulting in an annual economic loss of 1.38×10⁸ yuan and a cumulative loss of 4.15×10⁸ yuan over three years. The invasions of A. fatua and A. tauschii have seriously threatened wheat production in Xi'an. To ensure biosecurity, it is necessary to follow the "Management Measures for Invasive Alien Species" and implement the risk prevention, source control, comprehensive management, coordinated cooperation, and public participation principles to establish a prevention and control system.

Select

The National Approved Wheat Variety ‘Weimai 9’: Analysis of Yield Stability and Adaptability

ZHANG Yangli, CAO Sanchao, YAN Miaomiao, LI Qian, NIE Song, CHENG Min

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2023, 39 (36): 28-32. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0019

Abstract + (102) HTML (4) PDF (1180KB) (20)

In order to comprehensively understand the production characteristics of the national approved wheat variety ‘Weimai 9’, the summary data of the regional test and production test of Shaanxi Province from year 2016 to 2018, the regional trial production test of the dry and thin group in the national Huanghuai winter wheat area from year 2018 to 2020, as well as the production test results of the demonstration field of ‘Weimai 9’ in 2021 and 2022 were used. The productivity, stability and adaptability of ‘Weimai 9’ and ‘Jinmai 47’ (CK) were compared by the indicators of yield, coefficient of variation (CV), high stability coefficient (HSC) and adaptability, and the comprehensive resistance of cold resistance, drought resistance, hot resistance and disease resistance were analyzed to clarify the variety characteristics of ‘Weimai 9’. The results showed that the yield of ‘Weimai 9’ was more than 3 % higher than that of ‘Jinmai 47’ in the regional test and production test of 6 years. The CV of yield was slightly lower than that of the control ‘Jinmai 47’, and the HSC was lower than that of ‘Jinmai 47’. The ability to resist dry and hot wind was strong, the yellowing was good, and the quality was also greatly improved compared with ‘Jinmai 47’. ‘Weimai 9’ has outstanding yield, well stability, wide adaptability, excellent quality and well combined resistance, which is suitable for further promotion and utilization in the dry and thin land of Huanghuai area.

Select

Breeding-related Traits of Two Wheat Germplasms: Preliminary Analysis

ZHANG Jing, QU Jipeng, WAN Hongshen

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2023, 39 (35): 1-8. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0158

Abstract + (111) HTML (5) PDF (3375KB) (54)

The aim of this study was to preliminarily identify the breeding-application characteristics of two wheat germplasm resources materials, ‘16qin10188’ introduced from German and ‘YB’ with large spike and high disease resistance. In this study, the leading wheat cultivars and landraces from southwestern China were used to cross with the two germplasms to generate F₁, and the yield-related traits and disease resistance of F₁ generations and their parents were investigated. ‘16qin10188’ had the characteristics of dwarf, multi-grain and resistance to both stripe rust and powdery mildew. And in F₁ generations, its dwarf trait showed partially dominance, and its high spike grain number trait showed recessiveness or partially dominance. The stripe rust resistance of ‘16qin10188’ was dominance while its powdery mildew resistance was recessive. ‘YB’ had oligo culm with long spike and resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew. In the F₁ generations, the long spike of ‘YB’ showed partially dominance, and the oligo-culm trait was recessive. Grains per spike and grain weight showed significant heterosis, and its powdery mildew resistance was recessive. The dwarf trait and stripe rust resistance of ‘16qin10188’ can be selected in the early generation in breeding, while its high spike grain number and powdery mildew resistance can be selected in the higher generation population; ‘YB’-derived F₁ showed the significant heterosis in grain yield, and ‘YB’ could be considered as a potential elite parent for hybrid wheat breeding.

Select

Effects of Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates on Dry Matter Accumulation and Remobilization and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat Under Straw Returning Treatment

LI Wenqian, ZHANG Haijun, HAN Mingming, MU Qun, LV Lianjie

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2023, 39 (34): 1-8. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0937

Abstract + (134) HTML (7) PDF (2482KB) (63)

To explore the high yield efficiency cultivation techniques combining different straw returning treatments, tillage practices and nitrogen rates in Huang-Huai-Hai area, field experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2020 with two straw treatments (no straw returning to field, S₀; straw returning to field, S₁), three tillage practices (rotary tillage, R; deep ploughing, P; subsoiling, B) and four nitrogen rates (135 kg/hm², N₁₃₅; 180 kg/hm², N₁₈₀; 225 kg/hm², N₂₂₅; 270 kg/hm², N₂₇₀) at Zibo, Shandong. The results showed that compared with S₀, S₁ increased the dry matter accumulation (DMA) by 0.6%-17.5%, 1.1%-17% and 1.1%-18.5% at anthesis stage, maturity stage and after anthesis period; the DMA of the whole growth period decreased by 2.8%-22.2% with the decrease of nitrogen rate. Compared with conventional S₁+R+N₂₂₅ pattern, S₁+B+N₁₈₀ pattern improved the DMA by 10.3% and 7.2% at anthesis stage and maturity stage, and increased dry matter remobilization, dry matter remobilization efficiency and dry matter remobilization contribution rate to grain by 45.9%, 35.6% and 27.2%, respectively. Thus, S₁+B+N₁₈₀ pattern had greater grain yield of 10.1% more than S₁+P+N₂₂₅ pattern. In terms of yield components, the spike number of the latter was 10.8% higher than that of the former. The path analysis further confirmed that the increase of spike number was the main reason for boosting grain yield of wheat under S₁+B+N₁₈₀ pattern. Therefore, under similar environmental conditions as this experiment, subsoiling with moderate reduction of nitrogen rate on the basis of straw returning to field is a feasible technique to achieve high yield efficiency of winter wheat production.

Select

Effects of Foliar Fertilizer Spraying on Black Point, Yield and Quality of Spring Wheat

KONG Dezhen, SANG Wei, XU Hongjun, HAN Xinnian, NIE Yingbin, TIAN Xiaoming

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2023, 39 (33): 14-18. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0948

Abstract + (95) HTML (4) PDF (1120KB) (24)

To provide the theoretical basis for the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of the strong gluten spring wheat ‘Xinchun38’, the effect of foliar fertilizer (KH₂PO₄ and brassinolide) in different periods of filling stage on black point disease, yield and quality was studied. The results showed that two times mixed spraying of KH₂PO₄ and brassinolide increased yield by 27.9% compared with the control, 1000-kernel weight could be significantly increased, the number of sterile spikelets decreased, and the black point rate reduced from 21% to 16.8%. After a mixed spray of foliar fertilizer, the protein content, wet gluten content and precipitation values of the granules increased by 1%, 0.7% and 4.54% compared with the control, respectively. When single spraying KH₂PO₄, the dough development time and stability time increased by 0.6 and 0.7 min. The tensile curve and the stretch area increased by 22 cm² and 91 BU. The single spraying of brassinolide had no significant effect. Therefore, early mixed spraying of foliar fertilizer in wheat filling stage can effectively reduce the occurrence of black point of spring wheat ‘Xinchun38’ and improve yield and quality.

Select

Effects of Different Sowing Dates and Seeding Rates on the Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

ZHAO Kai, HUANG Ling, FENG Weiying, SHAO Minmin, WANG Fuyu, CHEN Guiju, ZHANG Yudan, YANG Benzhou, SUN Leiming, YAN Lu, WANG Lin

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2023, 39 (32): 1-7. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0083

Abstract + (180) HTML (9) PDF (1258KB) (128)

In order to solve the actual problem of wheat yield due to the delayed sowing date in the southwest region of Shandong province, a two-factor fracture zone-test design was adopted from 2018 to 2020. Three sowing dates were set as October 18 (S₁), 23 (S₂) and 28 (S₃); seeding rates were set as 2.70×10⁶ plants/hm² (D₁) and 3.75×10⁶ plants/hm² (D₂) in 2018. And in 2019, five sowing dates were set as October 22 (S₄), 27 (S₅), November 1 (S₆), 6 (S₇) and 11 (S₈); seeding rates were set as 2.25×10⁶ plants/hm² (D₃), 3.375×10⁶ plants/hm² (D₄) and 4.50×10⁶ plants/hm² (D₅). The effects of different sowing dates, seeding rates on tiller number and leaf ages before winter, tiller number and leaf ages in spring, plant height, spike length, yield and its components were studied. The results showed that under the same seeding rate with delayed sowing date, tiller number and leaf ages before winter, leaf ages in spring and nodal roots were decreased, but tiller number in spring was increased. Under the same sowing date with increased seeding rates, tiller number and leaf ages before winter, tiller number and leaf ages in spring and nodal roots were decreased. Sowing date and seeding rate had significant effect on plant height, spike length, spike number, grain number and yield. Sowing date significantly affected the length of two internodes at the stem base, seeding rate extremely significantly affected 1000-grain weight. The interaction of sowing date and seeding rate had significant effect on spike number and yield. Under the conditions of this experiment, the best sowing date was from October 18 to 23 with sowing amount of 3.75×10⁶ plants/hm² in the southwest region of Shandong. When sowing date was after November 1^st, the corresponding suitable sowing amount was 4.50×10⁶ plants/hm² to achieve high yield.

Select

Co-toxicity and Field Control Efficacy of Mixtures of Bemystrobin and Tebuconazole to Fusarium head blight Caused by Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch

CHEN Hongzhou, WANG Bingbing, ZHANG Xinjian, YANG Hongfu, XU Chao, MIAO Kang, ZHANG Jianhua, ZHU Feng

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2023, 39 (30): 132-137. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0893

Abstract + (86) HTML (3) PDF (1240KB) (27)

In order to exploit a new reagent for controlling fusarium head blight (FHB), the co-toxicity of mixtures of bemystrobin and tebuconazole to Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch and the field control efficacy of mixtures of bemystrobin and tebuconazole to FHB and DON in wheat grain and wheat powdery mildew (WPM) had been measured, respectively. The indoor toxicity of bemystrobin, tebuconazole and their eleven mixtures on G. zeae (Schw.) Petch had been detected by using mycelium growth rate method, and the field control tests of the optimum formulation had been conducted. The results of indoor toxicity tests showed that the mixture of bemystrobin and tebuconazole at the ratio of 1:9 with the synergistic coefficients of 2.0804 could provide most significant synergistic effect. The results of the field control efficacy showed that the FHB disease index (DI) and DON control efficacy of 37% bemystrobin·tebuconazole SC 450 g/hm² were 92.86% and 89.49%, respectively, while the control efficacy against WPM DI on the 21^th day after 2 times of spraying were 85.84%, both of which were higher than the control efficacy of the common fungicide carbendazim or tebuconazole, and it was safe for wheat growth. 37% bemystrobin·tebuconazole SC provided excellent control efficacy on FHB and DON in wheat grain, and provided good simultaneous control efficacy on WPM, which can be developed as a FHB control agent.

Select

Monitoring of Powdery Mildew in Winter Wheat Based on HJ Satellite

ZHUANG Dongying, YIN Ming, GENG Anhong, LI Weiguo, CUI Bibo

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2023, 39 (28): 137-141. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0738

Abstract + (81) HTML (1) PDF (1622KB) (20)

The disease index (DI) survey of powdery mildew for winter wheat at flowering stage was carried out in different regions. Canopy spectral measurement and field sampling were conducted simultaneously during this process. Three factors that played an important role in wheat growth were selected, namely leaf chlorophyll content, leaf water content and air temperature. These factors were statistically analyzed with DI to build a prediction model of wheat powdery mildew and obtained a thematic map. The results showed that there was a certain correlation between the three factors and DI. Leaf chlorophyll content and leaf water content were negatively correlated with DI with correlation coefficients of 0.6316 and 0.633 respectively, and leaf area index (LAI) and air temperature were positively correlated with DI with correlation coefficients of 0.6372 and 0.561 respectively. The change of wheat powdery mildew disease index can be obtained through changes of leaf chlorophyll content, leaf water content, air temperature and LAI (converted by NDVI), which proves that it is feasible to monitor the disease index based on remote sensing technology, and the constructed model can better retrieve the disease index of wheat powdery mildew. On this basis, this study drew the thematic map of wheat powdery mildew disease index monitored by remote sensing technology.

Select

Analysis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Allocation Strategy and Utilization Efficiency of Barley under Different Nitrogen Levels

WU Yueying, SU Yunwen, CHEN Chunyan, GUO Hui, CHE Fengyi, HU Xiaokang, WANG Tao

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2023, 39 (27): 9-16. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0870

Abstract + (92) HTML (5) PDF (1280KB) (39)

To explore the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and utilization strategies of barley under different nitrogen fertilizer levels in the Erhai Lake watershed, and to provide a theoretical basis for efficient nutrient utilization and sustainable agriculture in the watershed, a field experiment was conducted in this study. Five N fertilizer treatments were set up in the field experiment, and two local barley varieties, ‘Yundamai 2’ and ‘S4’, were selected to examine the dry matter accumulation, nitrogen and phosphorus utilization and yield formation at the flowering and mature stages. The results showed that dry matter accumulation and yield formation of barley at maturity were improved with increasing nitrogen application, and it was mainly due to the increase of grain number of per unit area, while the change in 1000-grain weight was not significant. Different applications of nitrogen fertilizer had little effect on the P concentration in the organs of barley at anthesis and maturity, while the N concentration in the stems and leaves increased with increasing N application. From flowering to maturity, the accumulation of N and P in stems and leaves decreased significantly, while the accumulation of N and P in spikes increased significantly. The increase of N application could improve dry matter accumulation and yield formation in barley. Although the decrease of N and P accumulation in stems and leaves did not change significantly with the level of N application from flowering to maturity, the N and P accumulation in spikes significantly increased from flowering to maturity.

Special issue

For authors

For reviewers

Reader center

Contact us