Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.6 Published:22 February 2019

  Advances on Yield Formation of Hybrid Wheat 2019, 35 (6):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110122 Abstract + ( 793 )   PDF ( 858KB )   ( 360 ) In order to provide a reference basis for the creation of strong advantage combinations and the study of high-yielding cultivation technology of hybrid wheat, the author summarizes the biological rules, which include yield components and contributions to grain yield, heterosis of photosynthetic performance and matter production, population structure, source-sink relationships, root development and so on, in the process of yield formation of hybrid wheat. The author puts forward the main strategies to further exploit the heterosis of wheat, including the excavation of potential of grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight, increase in sink-source ratio, improvement of sink-source ratio, application of precision cultivation and so on. It is hoped to provide guidance for accelerating the application of hybrid wheat.

  Influence of Cultivating Years on Yield, Quality and Chemical Components of Flue-cured Tobacco in Tobacco-rice Rotation 2019, 35 (6):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110124 Abstract + ( 796 )   PDF ( 857KB )   ( 302 ) To promote the healthy and sustainable development of soil and crops in tobacco- rice rotation region in southern Anhui, the optimal cultivating years of tobacco-rice rotation is discussed by studying the effect of different cultivating years (1 year, 3 years and 7 years) on yield, quality and chemical components of tobacco leaves. Results showed that: compared with 1 year tobacco-rice rotation, 3 years tobacco-rice rotation significantly increased the incidence of bacterial wilt, decreased the yield of tobacco leaves, and the output value of tobacco leaves decreased significantly by 12%, therefore, significantly reduced the economic benefits of tobacco planting. Moreover, 7 years tobacco-rice rotation significantly decreased the total sugar of tobacco leaves, while increased the nicotine, therefore, decreased the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves and the sensory quality. Furthermore, the total sugar content and sweetness of tobacco leaf decreased significantly in 3 years tobacco-rice rotation. Comprehensively considering yield and quality of tobacco leaves, and the economic benefits, successive tobacco-rice rotation should not be more than 3 years. The optimal cultivating years of tobacco-rice rotation should be one or two years to get high quality of tobacco leaves and high economic benefits for tobacco planting.

  Full Plastic Film Mulching on Double Riges of Dryland Sunflowers: Effect of Precipitation Accumulation and Yield Increasing 2019, 35 (6):  11-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100106 Abstract + ( 835 )   PDF ( 1086KB )   ( 231 ) Aiming at severe climate conditions, poor abilities of drought resistance and disaster mitigation and unstable and low yield of grain in most dry land regions, the three-year research was designed to identify the effect of precipitation accumulation and yield increasing under full plastic-film mulching on double ridges (FPM) in Wuchuan County, north Yinshan Mountain, with sunflowers of increasing planting area year by year, and the cultivation mode was compared with half plastic-film mulching on ridges (HPM) and no plastic-film mulching (NPM). The results showed that: the annual average soil moisture content of FPM between plants and rows increased by 1.69, 3.06 and 1.70, 2.89 percentage points compared with those of HPM and NPM, respectively; the soil water storage of FPM were higher than that of HPM and NPM under different intensities of precipitation, and the best water storage ability was under the light rain condition. In light rain, moderate rain and heavy rain, FPM increased the output effect of 0.1-2.3 times and 0.21-1.21 times compared with HPM and NPM, respectively; the annual average output of FPM, HPM and NPM was 3862.2 kg/hm2, 3326.9 kg/hm2 and 2976.1 kg/hm2, respectively; the output of FPM increased by 16.09% and 29.77% compared with that of HPM and NPM; the water use efficiency was FPM>HPM>NPM, while the water consumption and water use efficiency trend were the opposite, which was NPM>HPM>FPM.

  Simulation of Water and Fertilizer Movement for Variable Application Rate of Urea under Border Irrigation 2019, 35 (6):  20-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100110 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 1159KB )   ( 339 ) Simulation of water and fertilizer movement in different conditions of variable rate fertilizer urea application have been carried out in this paper.The equation of surface flow motion and convection-dispersion equation of solute transport is used as the govern equation to establish a model to simulate the movement of soil water and fertilizer for variable rate fertilizer urea application under border irrigation.Using this model,the movements of 3 different top application (straightline-decreasing type,parabola-decreasing type,uniform type) were simulated and analysed.The results show that the power function model parameters between the concentration of urea and infiltration time are affected by the distribution of urea,the larger the initial concentration changes, the larger the parameters change;the fertilization uniformity of 3 different top application:straightline-decreasing type>uniform type>parabola-decreasing type.Therefore,the type of top application has a significant influence on the movement of water and fertilizer,the straightline-decreasing type can get ideal fertilization quality.

  Effect of Exogenous Selenium on Selenium From and Selenium Uptake by Brassica tumida Tsenet Lee 2019, 35 (6):  26-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030054 Abstract + ( 727 )   PDF ( 1068KB )   ( 213 ) Toexploretheabsorptionandenrichmentmechanismofexogenousseleniumin Brassica tumida Tsenet Lee, we carried out field experiments with foliar spraying different concentrations of Na2SeO3 (0, 1, 2.5 mg/L), and studied the rules of selenium absorption, transformation and utilization of Brassica tumida Tsenet Lee, and the effect of selenium on the growth of Brassica tumida Tsenet Lee. The results showed that: at the suitable concentration of Se (1 mg/L), the yield of Brassica tumida Tsenet Lee increased but the difference was not significance; the content of nitrate in Brassica tumida Tsenet Lee reduced to the lowest point by the foliar spraying, while the content of reducing sugar, free amino acid and Vc showed an opposite trend and reached the highest point with the same concentration (1 mg/L), compared with the control, increased by 46.73%, 40.41%, 13.36%, respectively; with the increasing of foliar spraying Se, the concentration of total Se and organic Se increased by 74.0%-271.5% and 46.1% - 193.9%, respectively, compared with the control, and showed a significant positive correlation; with the increasing concentration of Se in Brassica tumida Tsenet Lee, the transformation rate of organic Se significantly increased by 23.57% and 19.33% compared with the control respectively.

  Different Types of Biochar Mixed Additions Affect Soil Phosphorus Leaching Loss: Experimental Research 2019, 35 (6):  32-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090120 Abstract + ( 683 )   PDF ( 1005KB )   ( 431 ) The impact of different mixed biochar additions on soil phosphorus leaching was comparatively analyzed for a more efficient way of soil improvement. Based on soil pillar leaching experiment, 5 treatments were conducted, including CK (without biochar and phosphate fertilizer), P (phosphate fertilizer), 1:0 (phosphate fertilizer and charcoal), 0:1 (phosphate fertilizer and bamboo biochar) and 1:1 (phosphate fertilizer and the mix of charcoal and bamboo biochar), different packing volumes and leaching intervals were set and the experiment was conducted twice, the concentrations of orthophosphate and pH value in leachate were determined. The results showed that the application of biochar significantly increased soil pH value, and restrained the loss of phosphorus effectively by more than 20%. The inhibitory effect of bamboo biochar was better than that of charcoal, the inhibition effect of charcoal could be improved by mixing wood and bamboo biochar with the proportion of 1:1. Different types of biochar mixed application technologies have good prospects in controlling the loss of soil phosphor, comprehensive experimental researches on the properties, application amount of biochar, type and fertility status of soil should be further strengthened for a more efficient biochar technology of soil improvement.

  Filling Structure of Coal Gangue Layer: Effects on Law of Soil Water Infiltration 2019, 35 (6):  37-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090097 Abstract + ( 694 )   PDF ( 1071KB )   ( 371 ) This paper aims to explore the influence of the coal gangue on the soil infiltration in the mining area. By using the vertical infiltration test of indoor one- dimensional fixed- head, we studied the soil infiltration law of coal gangue layer under 3 kinds of bulk condition (1.2, 1.3, 1.4 g/cm3) according to its thickness in soil column (4, 8, 12 cm) and positions (upper, middle and under layer). The results showed that: (1) when the coal gangue was located on the upper layer of soil column, the increase of its thickness further improved the soil infiltration; then, it inhibited infiltration in the middle layer; and when located on the under layer, it had less influence on the soil infiltration; (2) soil infiltration decreased with the increase of bulk density; at the same bulk density and thickness of the coal gangue, the order of location affecting the infiltration was: upper layer>under layer>middle layer; (3) the thickness set in this experiment had no significant effect on soil infiltration, while the locations and the bulk densities had significant effects on it. The general formula could better reflect the law of soil infiltration.

  Adsorption Characteristics of Cr(VI) in Three Soil Types 2019, 35 (6):  44-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100009 Abstract + ( 755 )   PDF ( 1172KB )   ( 354 ) To understand the regulation of migration and conversion of Cr(VI) in soil, and investigate the adsorption of Cr(VI) in soil, the oscillation balance method was used to study the effect of oscillation time and temperature on Cr(VI) adsorption of cinnamon soil, fluvo-aquic soil and loess soil. The results showed that (1) the adsorption equilibrium time and adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) in different soil types and depths were different, the order of oscillation equilibrium time of the tested soil was loess soil > fluvo-aquic soil > cinnamon soil; for 24 h adsorption equilibrium, the adsorption of the tested soil was fluvo- aquic soil > cinnamon soil > loess soil; (2) as temperature increased, the amount of adsorption gradually decreased, and the rate of decline was different; the decreasing order of the adsorption rate of Cr(VI) was fluvo-aquic soil > loess soil > cinnamon soil; (3) the isotherms of Cr(VI) adsorbed by the three soil types were consistent with the Freundlich equation and the Langmuir equation, and the Freundlich equation was better; (4) the adsorption of the tested soil was non-spontaneous (ΔG>0) and exothermic (ΔH<0) chemisorption process.

  Analysis and Quality Evaluation of Soil Nutrient Status in Tea Garden of Rizhao City Based on Fuzzy Evaluation Method and Entropy Weight 2019, 35 (6):  54-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100090 Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 1357KB )   ( 499 ) To improve the tea yield in Rizhao tea plantation, ensure the quality and safety of tea and promote the healthy development of tea plantation, the authors collected 159 samples from the surface of tea plantation soils (0- 20 cm) in Rizhao. Soil pH value and the content of organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were analyzed. The fuzzy evaluation method was used to evaluate the soil fertility quality comprehensively. The results showed that the pH value ranged from 3.48 to 6.84, the overall pH value of tea plantation soil was in the proper range, and the pH value of some soil was low. The content of organic matter in the whole soil was in a deficient state with a large spatial difference, 46.54% soil samples were in the third- grade tea garden nutrient standard. The content of available phosphorus, available potassium and slow-acting potassium in the soil of each tea area were suitable, but the regional difference was obvious. The IFI value of tea soil in Rizhao City ranged from 0.342 to 0.984, most of which were in gradeⅠandⅡ, belonged to medium level, accounted for 81.13%, gradeⅠaccounted for 57.86%, including Zaohugou, Houmazhuang, Bojiakou, Laolongwo, South Chenjiagou and Houhuangbu; and the tea areas belonged to Grade II were Xiadayu, Yatoucun, Changjiazhuang, Sujiacun and Hanlinchun.

  Growing Season Precipitation Affects Rice Production in Heilongjiang Province 2019, 35 (6):  62-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080008 Abstract + ( 680 )   PDF ( 2170KB )   ( 320 ) To analyze the change and characteristics of precipitation and its impact on rice growth and provide a basis for disaster prevention and mitigation, based on the data of precipitation, development period, yield and flood disaster of meteorological observation stations in main rice producing areas of Heilongjiang Province, the authors studied the variation characteristics of precipitation, storm rainfall and rainstorm days in summer and key growing periods. The authors also analyzed the distribution of floods and waterlogging disasters and the effect of precipitation on rice yield. The results showed that the precipitation from June to August of 1971- 2016 showed a decreasing tendency in the west and east and increase in the middle. The number of rainstorm days in the midwest was more than that in the east and the storm rainfall increased. The average storm rainfall was 76.2 mm in rice critical period with a small upward trend. From 1984 to 2010, the flood was more in the northwest, southeast and middle, and less in the southwest and northeast, the trend was a year by year increase and mainly in summer. The precipitation that restricted rice growth and yield formation varied from place to place. It was mainly in the late July in the north, in late July and late September in the west, in late May, late June and mid- September in the south. The precipitation in the middle and eastern rice areas was more complex and went through almost the entire growing season.

  Meteorological Condition of Salt Accumulation in Spring of Yellow River Irrigational Area in Dalate Banner, Inner Mongolia 2019, 35 (6):  70-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090012 Abstract + ( 708 )   PDF ( 958KB )   ( 247 ) To analyze the meteorological conditions of soil salt accumulation at Dalate Banner of Inner Mongolia in spring, and to explore the predictable indices to forecast the process of salt accumulation, we used the monthly meteorological data (from 1980 to 2013) of the National Meteorological Observatory at Dalate Banner, selected 20 meteorological indices of temperature, precipitation and wind speed as variables for multivariate statistical analysis with SAS 8.1. The results showed that nine of the 20 meteorological indices had no significant difference on some months, and March and April were the spring months with heavy salt accumulation on soil surface. 8 indices were selected as the key factors to meteorological conditions in Dalate Banner, among which the average relative humidity of air, monthly average wind speed and monthly maximum wind speed had good correspondences to the six months of spring and winter. According to the analysis of meteorological environmental conditions, the monthly average temperature of air, monthly maximum average temperature of air, monthly average temperature of soil surface, and monthly maximum average temperature of soil surface from February to mid-March, and the monthly average wind speed and monthly maximum wind speed from late March to May could be predictable indices for soil salt accumulation of Dalate Banner in the spring.

  LAPS Ground Data in Low Latitude Mountain Area: Effect Test 2019, 35 (6):  77-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090088 Abstract + ( 662 )   PDF ( 1967KB )   ( 294 ) The paper aims to test the application effect of LAPS system in low latitude mountain area. We compared the LAPS data in 2016 with the meteorological monitoring elements in Guizhou at the same time. The results showed that: the correlation coefficients between the LAPS values and the actual data in temperature, relative humidity and wind speed decreased gradually, but the RMS errors of wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity were in ascending order; the differences between the LAPS analysis value and the actual observed value were obviously correlated with the topography of Guizhou; the accuracy of temperature was high in the east and low in the west of Guizhou, and the LAPS analysis value was smaller when the wind was lower than 1.8 m/s, and was larger when the wind was higher than 1.8m/s, and the accuracy of u, v wind was lower; the accuracy of the relative humidity was high in the west and low in the east; the accuracy of visibility grade was 77.82%, and the higher the altitude, the lower the accuracy was. Therefore, the errors of air temperature, wind speed and visibility grade are small in low latitude mountain area with high practicability; the correlation between the visibility and relative humidity passes the reliability test, which can be used for reference; the availability of wind direction in low latitude mountain area is poor.

  Dynamic Rule of Sugar Beet Cercospora Leaf Spot Occurrence Time 2019, 35 (6):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110062 Abstract + ( 836 )   PDF ( 1066KB )   ( 322 ) Based on dynamic rule of sugar beet Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) occurrence time, the period of CLS chemical control is determined to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific management of CLS. From 2016 to 2017, the author used the method of field survey, to study the dynamic rule of CLS disease index and occurrence time. The results showed that the disease development time curve had four peaks in 2016, which were July 25, August 24, September 3 and September 18, and their disease indexes were 9.33, 42.5, 55.92 and 61.46, respectively. In 2017, the disease development time curve showed that August 14, August 19, August 24 and August 29 were four high points up to September 3, which was the first peak day of disease development, and disease indexes were 7.86, 10.75, 30.56, 36.53 and 42.88, respectively. At the early stage of disease (early and middle of July), rainfall was the determining factor of CLS spreading. The first fastigium and before rising point is the best time to spray fungicides, the time for spraying fungicides should be before July 25 in 2016 and before August 14 in 2017.

  Relationship Between Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Metal Element Contents in Tomato Leaves 2019, 35 (6):  89-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110067 Abstract + ( 721 )   PDF ( 1015KB )   ( 616 ) To clarify the relationship between tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and metal element contents in tomato leaves, atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the contents of Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in leaves of different tomato varieties and different planting time. The results suggested that there were significant differences in the contents of various metal elements of tomato varieties with different resistance levels, and a negative linear correlation between the disease index and the contents of Mg, Mn and Zn. The contents of Mn and Zn in the leaves of affected varieties reduced significantly with the prolongation of planting time. Accordingly, to inhibit the development of TYLCV during tomatoes growth, appropriate amounts of Mn and Zn fertilizers could be applied to the plants.

  Application and Regulatory Status of Genome Editing Technology in Crop Breeding 2019, 35 (6):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080006 Abstract + ( 1052 )   PDF ( 886KB )   ( 438 ) With the rapid development of genome editing technology, CRISPR/Cas9 system has become one of the most important means of crop improvement. In order to provide a reference for the supervision of genetically editing crops which may appear and could be commercially applied in China in the future, this paper briefly reviews current situationofcropcultivationbyCRISPR/Cas9technology,summarizestypicalsuccessfulexamples of gene editing technology in crop improvement, analyzes the regulatory attitudes of governments in various countries on genetically editing crops, and point outs that Chinese scientists should catch up with this revolution.

  OsVDAC3 and 3 Interaction Protein Genes OsV3IP1-3 in Rice Cultivars: Expression Pattern Analysis 2019, 35 (6):  101-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100075 Abstract + ( 570 )   PDF ( 1259KB )   ( 478 ) To study the expression patterns of OsVDAC3 and its interaction protein gene OsV3IP1-3 , the expression ofOsVDAC3 andOsV3IP1-3 in the inflorescences of different developmental stages and the root, sheath and leaf at the fourth-leaf stage from the rice sterile line‘Yuetai A’(YTA), the maintenance line ‘Yuetai B’(YTB) and‘Nipponbare’(NIP) were analyzed with bioinformatics and RT-PCR. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that there were 21 Cis- action elements related with the growth and stress response of rice in the upstream of ATG. The analysis results of rice gene expression database from RiceXPro and MSU Rice Genome Annotation Project showed that OsV3IP1 in Nipponbare was only expressed in the seedlings, but OsVDAC3 , OSV3IP2 and OSV3IP3 were expressed throughout the life cycle, furthermore OsVDAC3 had the highest expression in anther, OSV3IP2 had the highest expression in the reproductive organs, and OSV3IP3 had the highest expression in the buds. The results of RT- PCR showed that the expression patterns ofOsVDAC3 andOsV3IP1-3 were different in NIP, YTA and YTB. The expression level ofOsVDAC3 in young panicles (1.5-4.0 cm) of YTB was very high.OsV3IP1 had very high expression at the fourth-leaf stage among the 3 cultivars, the expression patterns ofOsV3IP2 andOsV3IP3 in YTB and NIP were similar, but were different from that in YTA. The relationship between the expression patterns and functions of these genes needs further study.

  Expression Change of Transcription Factors of Rice Under Drought Stress 2019, 35 (6):  108-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100015 Abstract + ( 667 )   PDF ( 994KB )   ( 295 ) To investigate the change of transcription factors’response to drought stress in rice and their potential regulatory mechanism, the data of gene chips on drought resistance of rice from GEO database were integrated. The differential genes were screened out by analyzing the data of gene chips with TAC software. And the relative transcription factors were selected with online database DAVID 6.8 and Plant TF DB. 9 transcription factor genes (7 up- regulated and 2 down- regulated at the transcription level) in droughtsusceptible varieties and 34 (23 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated at the transcription level) in droughttolerant varieties had the same direction of expression. Between drought-susceptible varieties and droughttolerant varieties, 8 overlapping transcription factors had the same direction of expression. Drought stress affected the expression of transcription factors obviously. In different varieties, these transcription factors had strong variety specificity, and some similarity. Rice can improve the drought resistance by inducing and inhibiting the expression of transcription factors.

  Nutrient Solution Formulations Affect Soil Characteristics and Growth Development of Pepper in Solar Greenhouse 朱红艳,, and 2019, 35 (6):  115-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100067 Abstract + ( 763 )   PDF ( 990KB )   ( 349 ) The paper aims to study the effects of different nutrient solution formulations on soil characteristics, growth, quality and yield of pepper in sunlight greenhouse, and select the optimal nutrient solution formulation for the soil cultivation pepper in Ningxia solar greenhouse.‘Hangjiao5’was used as the test material, and four different nutrient solution formulations were set, which were target yield (T1), 1/2 garden formula (T2), former selected formula (T3), common formula used by Northwest farmers’(CK), to determine the soil nutrients, soil enzyme activity, plant growth and pepper quality under different treatments. The results showed that T2 treatment increased soil organic matter content, reduced pH and EC value, improved soil enzyme activity, promoted the nutrition growth of pepper and improved pepper quality, Vc content was 26.3% higher than that of CK, soluble protein content was 4.3% higher than that of CK, and soluble sugar content was 22.7% higher than that of CK, the yield reached 39531 kg/hm2, which was 14.5% higher than that of CK. During the whole growth period of pepper, compared with CK, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer decreased by 7.5% to 33.7% under all treatments, phosphate fertilizer decreased by 54.24% to 70.28% and potassium fertilizer increased by 13.4% to 41.3%% . The 1/2 garden formula is the optimal nutrient solution for soil cultivation pepper in Ningxia solar greenhouse.

  Effects of Light-temperature Coupling on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse 李邵,苏炜宣,,,丁小明, and 2019, 35 (6):  122-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060069 Abstract + ( 816 )   PDF ( 1527KB )   ( 303 ) To study the effects of root zone temperature and light intensity coupling on growth and development of tomato in solar greenhouse, root zone heating, 2 light intensities and 2 light qualities for total 10 coupling treatments were set, including no root zone heating and no lighting treatments as CK. The results showed that: the root zone heating and supplemental lighting could promote the growth and development of tomatoes significantly and advanced the marketing time and promoted the nutritional quality; among them; the light intensity of 40 μmol/(m2·s) could significantly improve the growth and yield and the quality of fruit; and the value of light quality (red:blue 3:2) treatment could promote the growth and yield of tomato, however, when the light quality was red:blue 1:1, it was more favorable to an earlier coloring of the fruit, and could increase the sugar degree of the fruit. In addition, compared with the coupling of root zone heating and light quality, the coupling of root zone heating and light intensity could promote the growth and yield of tomato. In conclusion, the coupling of root zone heating and the light intensity of 40 μmol/(m2 · s) and the light quality of red:blue 3: 2 is in line with the production need of tomato in solar greenhouse.

  Diversity Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits of Anthurium andrranum 2019, 35 (6):  129-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110054 Abstract + ( 584 )   PDF ( 618KB )   ( 501 ) The paper aims to study the diversity of agronomic traits of 50 Anthurium andrranum germplasm resources. The authors determined 11 main agronomic traits and carried out the variability, principal component and cluster analysis on the traits. The results showed that: there were wide differences among anthurium andrranum varieties, the coefficient variation was above 30% among the agronomic traits of petiole length, spathe length, spathe width and flower number; the rate of the accumulated contribution of the four major components reached 76.31%, the spathe trait had the highest feature value of all major components, it was consistent with the variability; the flower number was negatively correlated with other agronomic traits, thus other excellent traits should be considered in selecting parents. The anthurium andrranum germplasm resources were divided into four groups by clustering analysis, among them, the first Ⅰ and Ⅱ group had good comprehensive traits and could be used as important materials in future Anthurium andrranum breeding.

  Category Selection of Winter Wheat Unsupervised Classification Result 2019, 35 (6):  134-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090018 Abstract + ( 657 )   PDF ( 5865KB )   ( 193 ) To achieve the crop automatic classification based on remote sensing images and take advantage of the characteristics of macro, rapid and large scale monitoring, based on the remote sensing image unsupervised classification, an automatic classification method on the basis of ISODATA unsupervised classification was provided. The method had ISODATA unsupervised classification process and automatic classification process. The automatic classification process included the proportion ranking of winter wheat sample and winter wheat identification. When the classification categories of unsupervised classification were set to be 40 or 50 respectively, and each category had 4 or 5 samples, the winter wheat classification accuracy was relatively high and stable. Among the 200 sample point combinations (40 classified categories, each category with 5 sample points), the overall accuracy of winter wheat classification based on automatic ISODATA unsupervised classification method was 2.5 percent higher than that of the maximum likelihood classification method and its KAPPA coefficient rose by 19.4%. Among 500 sample point combinations (100 classified categories, each category with 5 sample points), the winter wheat overall accuracy and its KAPPA coefficient based on automatic ISODATA unsupervised classification method were close to that of the maximum likelihood classification method. The automatic ISODATA unsupervised classification method has relatively higher classification accuracies with fewer samples, and it is featured with less human- machine interaction and higher classification efficiency. Therefore, this method is suitable for operational applications.

  Spring Corn Leaf Blight Monitoring Based on Hyperspectral Derivative Index 2019, 35 (6):  143-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090024 Abstract + ( 706 )   PDF ( 1706KB )   ( 895 ) Spring corn leaf blight with different grades was induced by artificial inoculation of pathogenic bacteria, the hyperspectral data of spring corn canopies in both healthy planting area and different infected planting areas were measured at different growth stages. To effectively monitor and control the effects of spring corn leaf blight, this study proposed a new remote sensing monitoring index which was the product of the sum total of the first derivative within green edge core area and the sum total of the first derivative within red edge core area. Finally, the results of correlation analysis between the proposed monitoring index and degrees of disease showed that the proposed index had significant linear correlation with the degrees of disease, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9711, which was better than the results of other traditional remote sensing monitoring index. The proposed index could be used for recognition of healthy spring corn and infected spring corn, and also could be used for spring corn classification of different disease grades. Therefore, hyperspectral remote sensing method could be used for disease monitoring of spring corn, and has great reference for improving grain output and ensuring grain security.

  The Response Surface Methodology Optimizes Enzymatic Hydrolysis Process of Insoluble Protein in Edible Bird’s Nest 2019, 35 (6):  151-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090007 Abstract + ( 734 )   PDF ( 1630KB )   ( 269 ) The research aims to use the enzymolysis technology to convert the insoluble protein from edible bird’s nest into water-soluble peptide, which could facilitate the digestion and absorption by the human body, and provide a foundation for the development of new products of edible bird’s nest. Using the hydrolyzing degree and the yield of peptide as index, alkaline protease was selected to hydrolyze the insoluble protein from edible bird’s nest. The effects of enzymolysis time, enzyme amount and substrate concentration on the yield of edible bird’s nest peptide were studied with single factor experiment. The response surface analysis was used to optimize the enzymatic conditions of the insoluble protein from edible bird’s nest. The optimal condition of enzymatic hydrolysis was: substrate concentration of 2.5%, the enzyme amount of 4%, enzymolysis time of 3.6 h, and the yield of peptide of 33.59%. The model was verified by the experiment: the yield of the peptide was 33.38%, and the relative error was 0.56%, which indicated that the model could well reflect the enzymatic hydrolysis of the insoluble protein from edible bird’s nest. In addition, gel electrophoresis experiments showed that the molecular mass of the insoluble protein was effectively reduced by using alkaline protease to hydrolyze the insoluble protein.

  Research on Farmers’Behavior from the Perspective of Industrial Integration: Empirical Evidence from 668 Vegetable Growers 2019, 35 (6):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090022 Abstract + ( 589 )   PDF ( 538KB )   ( 315 ) This research studies the factors that affect farmers’choice of different vegetable industry inte? gration modes from the perspective of farmers. Based on the transaction cost theory, this article classifies the basicproductionandmanagementcharacteristicsoffarmers,andconstructsthreemajorcostevaluatingindica? tors including anti-risk, execution, negotiation. The multi-logistic model was used to analyze the main influ? encing factors of farmers’choice of different vegetable industry integration modes. The results show that the vegetable industry integration can mainly be divided into the“Wholesale Market Mode”, the“Farmers-Con? sumers Mode”, the“Farmers-Supermarkets Docking Mode”, and the“Order Agriculture Mode”. In addition, the“Wholesale Market Mode”is still the most important vegetable industry integration mode. The characteris? tics of farmers’basic production and management affect their choice of different vegetable industry integration modes to varying degrees. And the most critical influencing factor is transaction cost, but the impact of anti-risk cost, execution cost and negotiation cost on different vegetable industry integration modes is very different. This study provides an effective basis for the government to formulate vegetable industry integration policies.