Current issue

• 2021 Vol.37 No.16 Published:05 June 2021

  Differences in Absorption, Distribution and Utilization of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium and Sulfur Among Peanut Varieties Si Xianzong, Zhang Xiang, Suo Yanyan, Li Liang, Li Yafei, Yu Qiong, Qiu Lingjun, Yu Hui 2021, 37 (16):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0028 Abstract + ( 341 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1223KB )   ( 192 ) In peanut producing areas of southern Henan, the absorption, distribution and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sulfur among different peanut varieties were studied by field random block experiments under optimized fertilization conditions, aiming to provide technical support for rational application of fertilizers with the above elements in peanut production. Results showed that the contents of N, P and S in peanut kernel were high in ‘Zhuhua 1’ (5.150%), ‘Kainong 71’ (0.558%) and ‘Jihua1 3’ (0.277%), respectively; the contents of K and Ca in the stem and leaf were the highest, the content of K in‘Zhonghua16’ was 0.940% and the content of Ca in ‘Zhonghua 24’ was 1.637%, respectively. The accumulation rate of N, P and S in peanut kernel was the highest in ‘Yuhua 40’, which was 288.436, 25.505 and 15.263 kg/hm 2, respectively; the accumulation rate of K and Ca in the stem and leaf was highest in ‘Yuhua 37’ (80.760 kg/hm 2) and ‘Zhonghua 24’ (54.084 kg/hm 2), respectively. The demanding rate of N, P2O5, K2O, CaO and S for 100 kg peanut pod was 3.920-5.042, 0.905-1.293, 1.626-2.721, 0.777-1.150 and 0.270-0.343 kg, respectively. Under the experiment conditions, for producing 100 kg peanut pod, the demanding rate of nitrogen of ‘Yuhua 22’, phosphorus of ‘Zhonghua 24’, and potassium, calcium and sulfur of ‘Shanghua 5’ were the lowest, while the nitrogen demanding of ‘Zhuhua 1’, the phosphorus, potassium and sulfur demanding of ‘Kainong 71’, and the calcium demanding of ‘Zhonghua 24’ were the highest.

  Response Mechanism and Mitigation Measures of Peanut Salt Tolerance: Research Progress Xu Ting, Liu Yantao, Wang Haijiang 2021, 37 (16):  8-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0613 Abstract + ( 348 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1034KB )   ( 80 ) Peanut is an important oil crop in China and its yield and total yield rank the first in the world. The saline-alkali area accounts for 30.12% of the total arable land in Xinjiang, and seriously restricts the crop development. This article summarized the effects of salt-alkali stress on peanut seed germination, peanut growth, physiological characteristics, and the response mechanism of peanut to the stress, discussed mitigation measures, and put forward suggestions on breeding and cultivating salt-tolerant peanut varieties, and promoting the development and application of soil amendments in the studied area.

  Development of SSR Markers for Quercus mongolica Based on High-throughput Sequencing Chen Gang, Yu Shihe, Jiang Yiren, Bu Pengtu, Zheng Ying, Feng Jian 2021, 37 (16):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0306 Abstract + ( 357 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1403KB )   ( 36 ) In order to study the genetic diversity of Quercus mongolica, 10 SSR loci were identified based on Illumina high-throughput de novo splice sequence data, and the diversity of 8 Quercus mongolica samples from different areas in Liaoning Province were verified. The result showed that the number of alleles per locus varied from 4 to 6, with a mean of 4.5. These new SSR markers would be useful for further investigation of genetic diversity and germplasm utilization of Quercus species.

  Effects of Zinc Stress on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Sophora japonica Seedlings Liu Dongchao, Li Hui, Xu Ruirui, Li Junling, Liu Zhonghua 2021, 37 (16):  18-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0052 Abstract + ( 373 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1411KB )   ( 43 ) To explore the tolerance of Sophora japonica to heavy metal zinc, this study used three-month-old seedlings of S. japonica from hydroponics as experimental objects, to explore the effects of different concentrations (1, 50, 200, 350, 500 μmol/L) of zinc on the seedling growth and development, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzyme activity. The results showed that under zinc stress, the growth index of S. japonica seedlings presented an obvious phenomenon of ‘low promotion and high inhibition’. At the same time, the roots of S. japonica seedlings were more sensitive to zinc stress. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters changed significantly with different concentrations of zinc. Both F0 and ΦNPQ decreased first and then increased with the increase of zinc concentration, while Fv/Fm, ΦPSII and SPAD values showed opposite trends. At 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after zinc stress, the content of MDA decreased first and then increased with the increase of treatment concentration, and increased with the increase of stress time, the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased first and then decreased with the increase of zinc treatment concentration. When the stress time prolonged, the activities of SOD and CAT decreased gradually, POD activity reached its peak after 21 days of treatment and began to decline. This study signifies that S. japonica seedlings have a certain tolerance to zinc stress environment, the seedlings have strong adaptability under a zinc concentration of not higher than 200 μmol/L, but would be poisoned by zinc when the concentration is higher than 200 μmol/L.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Seedling Quality of Carya illinoensis in Different Matrix Formula Containers Du Yangwen, Cheng Junyong, Deng Xianzhen 2021, 37 (16):  26-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0398 Abstract + ( 321 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1290KB )   ( 43 ) To select the best matrix formula for cultivating high quality container seedlings of Carya illinoensis, 6 matrix formulas were prepared from peat, perlite, yellow core and compound fertilizer in proportion, the height, diameter, fresh weight, fresh weight, dry weight, root-crown ratio, root-to-crown ratio, root-to-diameter ratio, moisture content, total biomass, seedling mass index, root length, root surface area, root volume and root diameter of the container seedlings were measured. The quality of seedlings was evaluated by variance analysis, multiple comparison method, principal component analysis and membership function method. The results showed that: the comprehensive characters of container seedlings cultivated in formula 6 (peat: perlite: yellow core=3:3:2) and formula 1 (peat: perlite: yellow core=1:1:1) were relatively good according to the comprehensive indexes. 16 individual indexes were transformed into 3 independent synthetic variables by principal component analysis, and the comprehensive index values and corresponding membership function values of each formula were computed by corresponding formulas. The comprehensive seedling quality evaluation values of the 6 matrix formulas were obtained by comprehensive weighting as: formula 6> formula 1> formula 4 (peat: perlite: yellow core+ slow-release fertilizer=3:1:3+5 g)> formula 2 (peat: perlite: yellow core: slow-release fertilizer= 2:1:2+10 g)> formula 3 (peat: perlite: yellow core=3:2:3)> formula 5 (peat: perlite: yellow core+ slow-release fertilizer =3:2:1+10 g). The optimal regression equation which could predict accurately the comprehensive seedling quality evaluation values by the upground dry weight is established by the stepwise regression.

  Effects of Thidiazuron 0.2% SL on Yield and Quality of Kumquat Tree Li Zhaoyang, Shaukat Ali, Tang Liangde, Wu Jianhui 2021, 37 (16):  33-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0300 Abstract + ( 1074 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1217KB )   ( 122 ) This paper aims to study the effects of thiabendazole 0.2% SL on the yield and fruit quality of kumquat. A series of concentrations of thiabendazole 0.2% SL (2, 3, 4, 6 mg/kg) were sprayed at the young fruit and fruit expansion stage of kumquat to assess the relevant indicators such as yield and quality. Compared with the control, the results showed that the yield of fruit increased by 16.5%-23%, the fruit quality increased by 10.2%-12.2%, the soluble content of kumquat pulp increased by 5.9%-6.3%, the content of vitamin C increased by 8.7%-9.3%, the sugar content increased by 7.9%-9.0%, while the titratable acid content decreased by 8.1%-13.5%. Thiabendazole 0.2% SL could significantly improve the yield and quality of kumquat. At 4 mg/kg dosage, the indicators of kumquat could reach a high level, and show no significant difference from the maximum value. So the recommended concentration of thiabendazole 0.2% SL for production is 3-4 mg/kg.

  International Advances in Research on Echeveria Xu Li, Chen Yini, Gao Ling 2021, 37 (16):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0356 Abstract + ( 266 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1183KB )   ( 45 ) The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of genus Echeveria by introducing its international research situation. This study discussed the distribution of genus Echeveria abroad, summarized the current classification of the genus Echeveria, introduced the main characteristics of each series, summed up the research on cytology, breeding and cultivation of genus Echeveria abroad, and reviewed the studies of the pathogenesis of 4 common diseases of genus Echeveria and its function in the prevention/treatment of chronic diseases and contraception. At last, the problems in the classification and application of genus Echeveria were pointed out, and the research and industrial development direction of genus Echeveria in China were discussed.

  Short-Spike Cutting Propagation Techniques of Tea Tree in Northern Tea Area Ren Zhihong, Wu Huanhuan, Xiao Wenmin, Zhang Hong, Sun Haiwei, Dou Ling, Wang Zhaoxiang 2021, 37 (16):  43-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0337 Abstract + ( 334 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1506KB )   ( 34 ) A cutting propagation suitable for tea trees in northern tea areas is proposed to provide references for the selection and promotion of cold-resistant tea varieties. An orthogonal experiment of four factors by three levels [L9(34)] was applied to studying the effects of factors such as hormone type, cutting state, dip concentration and time on tea seedling development and cutting survival rate of ‘Zhongcha 108’. The results show that: the best combination is A1B3C3D3, in which, the cuttings are soaked in clear water and dip in 200 mg/L IBA for 30 min before cutting, and the survival rate is 81.3%; from primary to secondary, the effects of the 4 cutting factors are hormones type, cutting processing method, hormone dip time and hormone concentration. Under the treatment of different hormone types, the aboveground development data of tea seedlings show that IBA+NAA treatment is beneficial to the increase of leaf number and dry weight; the root development phenotype of tea seedlings indicates that the root composition under the IBA+NAA treatment is reasonable, which is conducive to the coordinated growth of first-level lateral roots, extended roots and absorption roots in the root system; the analysis of root system development indicators show that IBA+NAA treatment could maximize the growth of total root length, total surface area, root volume, number of root tips and biomass of the root system. The optimal cutting combination is: the cuttings are soaked in clean water immediately after beveling, and then planted into the matrix after dipping 30 min in hormone combination IBA (200 mg/L) + NAA (200 mg/L). Under the optimal combination of cuttings, the cutting propagation characteristics of 27 tea tree varieties are quite different. The cutting survival rate is 91.1% at the highest, 12.17% at the lowest, and 11 tea varieties have the survival rate higher than 80%. The research results have strong applicability in northern tea tree cuttings, and can provide technical support for the selection and promotion of tea varieties.

  Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Indexes of Panax notoginseng and Transcriptome Analysis Xu Ruo, Zhang Xiufen, Li Yanbing, Zi Shuhui, Yang Shengchao, Liu Tao 2021, 37 (16):  51-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900619 Abstract + ( 392 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1842KB )   ( 51 ) To reveal the physiological characteristics and gene transcriptome changes of Panax notoginseng under drought stress, we studied the effects of drought on P. notoginseng through drought conditions and normal watering (control). The chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, POD activity, SOD activity, CAT activity and MDA activity of P. notoginseng leaves were measured respectively, and RNA was extracted from P. notoginseng leaves for transcriptome sequencing analysis. The results show that the change of MDA in P. notoginseng is very obvious under drought stress. Compared with the control, the MDA activity of the plant increases by 88.41% after drought, on the contrary, the effect of CAT activity affected by drought is not obvious. The results of transcriptome analysis show that there are 431 up-regulated genes and 151 down-regulated genes in the drought treated samples compared with the control. GO annotation and functional enrichment analysis were carried out on the differential genes. There are 160 up-regulated genes and 53 down-regulated genes with 213 differential gene annotations in the database. KEGG analysis shows that there are 122 DEGs in 37 metabolic pathways. 9-cis-cyclocarotenoid-dioxygenase, the key enzyme of ABA anabolism, is significantly enriched, indicating that P. notoginseng may regulate drought response through the increase of ABA related synthase.

  Research on the Photosynthesis Ability of Pairs polyphylla var. yunnanensis from Different Areas Wang Yihao, Li Shichang, Liu Chunlu, Zhao Yanli, Zheng Guowei, Xu Furong 2021, 37 (16):  59-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0828 Abstract + ( 401 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1341KB )   ( 136 ) To study the adaptability of Pairs polyphylla var. yunnanensis and provide a theoretical basis for its introduction, planting and resource protection, we investigated the photosynthetic capacity of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis from different growth areas and different sources from the same area. LI-6800 photosynthesis instrument was used to detect the photosynthetic capacity of the same variety from different areas and different sources from the same area. The results show that the photosynthetic capacity of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis collected from western Yunnan is higher than that from southeastern Yunnan, and the difference is great. There is no significant difference in photosynthetic rate of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis among different sources in southeastern Yunnan, but the value is lower than that in western Yunnan. However, the leaf stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis from different habitats are lower than those of local varieties, while the ratio of intercellular CO2 concentration to environmental CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca) was higher than that of local varieties, and the photosynthetic capacity of transplanted varieties is lower than that of local varieties. The study shows that the photosynthetic capacity of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis in western Yunnan is stronger than that in southeastern Yunnan, especially in Yongping County of Dali prefecture. However, the photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency of the transplanted varieties are lower than those of the local varieties. So in the cultivation of Pairs polyphylla var. yunnanensis, the cultivated local varieties should be selected for artificial expansion.

  Investigation and Analysis of Medicinal Plant Resources in Lushui City Song Jiming, Zhang Linhui, Liu Guanghua, Hu Yubao, Xu Jiangdong, Xiong Xiankun, He Jianhua, Shen Shaobin, Fang Liming, Yi Huaifeng, He Jianqing, Xiao Mingkun 2021, 37 (16):  65-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0447 Abstract + ( 415 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1155KB )   ( 45 ) The purpose of this study is to find out the medicinal plant resources in Lushui City and provide a scientific basis for the protection, rational development and utilization of the resources. According to the technical scheme of the fourth national survey of Chinese traditional medicine resources, and with the guidance of the technical specifications of the general survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the wild medicinal plant resources, cultivated medicinal plant resources, traditional medical knowledge and traditional Chinese medicinal market of Lushui were investigated. In the field survey, the combination of pathway expedition and sample plot survey was used to obtain information and physical evidence of wild medicinal plant resources. A total of 40 sample plots and 200 sample sets were surveyed, covering all townships and towns of Lushui City, involving natural vegetation area of 2828.33 km2, accounting for 88.29% of the city’s total area. Through investigation, we collected and made 1002 wax leaf specimens. After identification and verification, there were 857 species, 545 genera, 148 families with definite medicinal efficacy. 113 kinds of key medicinal materials and 15 kinds of rare and endangered medicinal materials were investigated, 52 ethnic folk prescriptions were collected and sorted out, and 8 kinds of folk varieties were clarified. The medicinal plant resources in Lushui City are rich and widely distributed, however, the development of the city’s traditional Chinese medicine industry lags behind, so the research pace and rational development and utilization of the resources should be accelerated on the premise of protection.

  Effect of Rice-rapeseed Annual Tillage Patterns on Soil Microecology Gao Dujuan, Liu Xinglu, Lan Zhibin, Zhao Yang, Chen Youde, Zhou Bin, Lv Yanmei, Luo Xianfu, Tang Shanjun 2021, 37 (16):  74-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0457 Abstract + ( 329 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1376KB )   ( 60 ) To explore the response mechanism of soil microecology to rice-rapeseed system annual tillage patterns, a rice-rapeseed rotation experiment was conducted on the long-term no-tillage direct seeding soil of Dongting Lake area of north Hunan. The differences of soil enzyme activity, microorganism quantity, diversity and microbial community function between the double no-tillage direct seeding (DNT) and double rotary-tillage transplantation (DT) were compared to illustrate the effects of different tillage patterns on soil microecology. The metagenomic sequencing showed that there were similar bacterial types under the two patterns, the bacterial diversity was higher under DNT, but the fungal diversity under DT was higher. Function analysis illustrated that the relative abundance of aerobic and facultative anaerobic prokaryotes was higher in DNT; the relative abundance of prokaryotes related to nitrogen metabolism was higher in DNT, while the relative abundance of prokaryotes related to carbon metabolism was higher in DT. The number of culturable bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and nitrifying bacteria in DNT soil was significantly lower than that in DT, while the number of ammonifying bacteria was significantly increased. Enzyme activity analysis showed that urease activity of DNT was 58.12% higher than that of DT, while the activities of invertase, phosphatase and cellulase decreased by 28.57%, 11.00% and 57.73%, respectively. The results indicated that the DNT rice-rapeseed rotation system was beneficial to improve the bacteria diversity, and the relative abundance of aerobic and facultative anaerobic prokaryotes, and was conductive to the transformation and utilization of nitrogen in the soil. The study provides a basis for the selection of reasonable tillage patterns of rice-rapeseed system in Dongting Lake area.

  Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Soil Properties, Growth and Quality of ‘Red Globe’ Grape Chen Qingying, Geng Fang, He Fengjie, Xu Xiaoju, Zhuo Xuanhan, Jia Huijuan, Sun Liangdu 2021, 37 (16):  82-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0344 Abstract + ( 384 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 54 ) To solve the problems such as color difference and light flavor of fruits and soil hardening, acidification and salinization in facility vineyard of ‘Red Globe’ grape in southern coastal area of China, this experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying base fertilizer combined with different organic fertilizers in winter on soil physicochemical properties, nutritional status, grape plant growth and fruit quality. The contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly increased by applying carbon-based biological fertilizer, biological bacterial fertilizer and vegetable cake fertilizer. Soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly increased by 43.77%, 35.45% and 57.9%, respectively, under the application of carbon-based biological fertilizer, which were the best. The effect of vegetable cake fertilizer on the increase of soil microelements was the best with the content of exchangeable calcium and magnesium being increased by 40.58% and 13.74%, respectively. The application of organic fertilizer could reduce soil bulk density, increase porosity, decrease salt content and increase pH, and the vegetable cake fertilizer had the best efficacy. The application of organic fertilizer could increase the leaf area and improve the lignifications degree of branches, which were increased respectively by 21.62% and 14.31% with the application of vegetable cake fertilizer. The comprehensive fruit quality was the best after applying vegetable cake fertilizer and the single fruit weight, TSS and solid acid ratio were increased by 26.46%, 2° Brix and 34.20% respectively. The economic benefits were the best with the application of rotten vegetable cake fertilizer and carbon based biological fertilizer, increased by 58794 and 39456 yuan/hm 2, respectively. The application of different organic fertilizers can increase the contents of soil organic matter and nutrient elements, decrease salt content and bulk density, increase porosity and pH, thus promote the growth of branches, and the fruit quality and economic benefits, and the comprehensive effect of applying rotten vegetable cake fertilizer is the best.

  Evaluation of Agronomic, Economic and Environmental Effects of Special Fertilizer on Oolong Tea Huang Zican, Chen Xiaohui, Su Da, Yin Jiaxu, Wu Huihuang, Wu Liangquan 2021, 37 (16):  89-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0431 Abstract + ( 274 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1366KB )   ( 66 ) To solve the problem of excessive fertilization input in Tie Guanyin tea garden, a field experiment was conducted in Anxi County to analyze the effects of different fertilization modes (farmers’ practice, optimized fertilization and special fertilizer treatment) on yield, quality, nutrient absorption and environmental cost of Tie Guanyin tea garden from 2018 to 2019. The results showed that: (1) compared with the farmers’ practice (FP), the yield, economic benefit, NPK concentration of young shoot and nutrient take away amount of the optimized fertilization (Opt-NPK) had no significant difference, the special fertilizer treatment (SF) of oolong tea significantly increased bud density compared with the optimized fertilization treatment; (2) compared with the FP treatment, the partial productivity of NPK fertilizers in the Opt-NPK treatment increased by 63.8%, 112.4% and 106.6%, respectively, and that of SF treatment increased by 72.3%, 123.3% and 117.3%, respectively; (3) the apparent surplus of NPK fertilizers in the Opt-NPK treatment was reduced by 48.0%, 58.0% and 65.8% compared with the FP treatment, respectively, the apparent surplus of NPK fertilizers in the SF treatment was reduced by 48.8%, 58.0% and 65.8% compared with the FP treatment, respectively; (4) compared with the FP treatment, the environmental impacts were also significantly reduced, for the per unit output of Opt-NPK treatment, the reactive N loss, greenhouse gas emission, acidification and eutrophication averagely decreased by 37.6%, 36.1%, 37.5% and 37.7%, respectively, and those of special fertilizer treatment averagely decreased by 42.4%, 41.0%, 42.3% and 42.5%, respectively. Reducing the amount of fertilizer has no effect on the yield, bud density and hundred bud weight of tea, in addition, it could guarantee of the stable absorption and utilization of nutrients, tea quality and economic benefits, and increase the fertilizer utilization rate and decrease the apparent surplus of NPK nutrients and environmental cost. Meanwhile, the application of magnesium could improve tea bud density, which was effective to the sustainable development of Tie Guanyin tea.

  Ecological Adaptability and Cultivation Area of Pyrus communis in China Yang Jian, Li Kun, Wang Long, Wang Suke, Su Yanli, Xue Huabai 2021, 37 (16):  97-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0045 Abstract + ( 500 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1127KB )   ( 55 ) The adaptation area of Pyrus communis in China is relatively narrow, and the requirements for climate conditions are strict. It is necessary to summarize the climate conditions of the main production areas of P. communis in China, which can be used as the basis for identifying the ecological areas suitable for P. communis cultivation. In addition, the production status and main varieties of major P. communis producing countries were studied to clarify the distribution and ecological climate conditions, and a comparison was conducted between those countries and China. The results show that the unique climatic characteristics in many areas of China can meet the ecological conditions required for the growth of P. communis, such as the Yellow River Golden Triangle (Yuncheng, Sanmenxia), Xi’an, the Yellow River old river way area (Zhengzhou, Dangshan, Xuzhou), the Bohai Bay, and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau area. The climate conditions of the above areas are similar to those of main P. communis cultivating countries, and the fruit quality is relatively good. Furthermore, warm and dry areas in southeast Xinjiang (Kashgar), cold and cool and humid areas in southeast Tibet (Changdu, Nyingchi) and areas with similar climate conditions are the sub-suitable areas for P. communis planting; although under extreme conditions, slight freezing injury will occur and affect the growth of P. communis trees in these areas, varieties with strong cold resistance can be selected. According to the local specific climate conditions, it is of great significance to select excellent varieties with adaptable characteristics for development, thus improve the domestic market share and optimize the variety structure of P. communis.

  Changes of Vegetation Phenology and Its Response to Climate in Lvliang Mountain Area Wang Beibei, Zhou Shuqin, Jing Yaodong, Song Xiaojing 2021, 37 (16):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0595 Abstract + ( 435 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 6608KB )   ( 305 ) The vertical difference of the topography in the Lvliang Mountain area is obvious, and the vegetation is sensitive to climate change. By studying the vegetation phenology change in the Lvliang Mountain area and exploring the response relationship between the vegetation phenology change and the climate, the research can provide reference for vegetation phenology research and ecological management in high altitude mountainous areas. Based on the MODIS NDVI time series data from 2000 to 2015, the vegetation phenology of the Lvliang Mountain area was extracted by dynamic threshold method and the temperature and precipitation were spatially interpolated and then the two key vegetation phenology periods and climatic factors were analyzed for partial correlation. The results showed that: (1) the region with the advanced vegetation SOS accounted for about 85.7%, of which 16.2% was significantly advanced; the region with the delayed vegetation EOS accounted for about 90.6%, of which 33.3% was significantly delayed; (2) the vegetation SOS in 74.8% of the region and 87.7% of the region was negatively related to temperature and precipitation respectively, as the temperature rose or the precipitation increased, the vegetation SOS advanced; vegetation SOS was significantly affected by temperature in April in high-altitude mountainous areas, while by precipitation in April in low-altitude areas; (3) the vegetation EOS in 72.6% of the region and 65.1% of the region was positively related to temperature and precipitation respectively; as temperature rose or precipitation increased, vegetation EOS was delayed; the vegetation EOS in the northern and western regions was significantly affected by the temperature in November while in high-altitude mountainous areas by precipitation in September. From 2000 to 2015, the vegetation phenology in the Lvliang Mountain area changed significantly, and each region had different responses to temperature and precipitation. This study can provide a scientific basis for regional phenology and climate change research and terrestrial ecological management.

  Estimation of Crop Planting Area and Spatial Distribution Based on MODIS NDVI Time-series Data of Rice and Dry Farmland Crops Jiang Lanqi, Wang Ping, Jiang Lixia, Gong Lijuan, Yu Chenglong, Li Xiufen 2021, 37 (16):  108-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0432 Abstract + ( 324 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2556KB )   ( 56 ) Aiming at the current situation and demand of paddy and dry farmland planting area survey in agriculture information service, we took Heilongjiang Province as the study area, by analyzing the characteristics of crop growing stage and the timer-series of vegetation index (NDVI, EVI and LSWI), we introduced accumulative temperature condition, then the spatial distribution was studied on cropland and others, and paddy rice and dry farmland crops. The classification results were verified with field investigation on verification points. The results showed that a high mapping accuracy of the classification was obtained, the overall accuracy reached 90.68%, the Kappa coefficient was 0.81. The mapping accuracy of rice planting area was 81.13% and the user accuracy was 97.73%, and that of dry farmland crops was 98.46% and 87.07%, respectively. Compared with the classification results without accumulative temperature, the overall accuracy was increased by 12.77%. The mapping accuracy of rice and dry farmland crop was increased by 22.57% and 5.94%, respectively. The finding of this study could improve the classification precision though introducing the accumulative temperature, and this method is featured with high automatic degree and stable classification results.

  Pathogen Identification of Blueberry Crown Gall Disease in Yunnan Province and Screening of Control Agents in Field Zhang Rongqin, Wan Xiaoyan, Zhang Jinhao, Dai Zhenlin, Zheng Jianli, Cui Xingguo, Zhao Xiangwu, Wei Lanfang, Ji Guanghai 2021, 37 (16):  119-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0315 Abstract + ( 330 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2361KB )   ( 51 ) The study aims to determine the species of blueberry crown gall pathogenic bacteria currently occurring in the main blueberry producing areas of Yunnan Province and screen the field control agents. Collecting blueberry crown gall disease samples from the main blueberry production areas in Yunnan, the symptoms of the disease, colony morphology, pathogenicity test, Biolog analysis and 16S rDNA sequence analysis were carried out for systematic identification. The agent screening test was conducted at the blueberry base with serious disease, and eight kinds of pesticides such as thiazinone and shenzemycin were used for field control experiments. The strain L-11 isolated and purified from blueberry crown gall disease samples could infect sunflower, tomato and blueberry plants, and the symptoms were similar to those in field. The strain with identical morphology was obtained by re-isolation. 16S rDNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the sequence of L-11 strain and Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain Ell-7 (accession number: FJ613554.1) homology was up to 97.65%, and L-11 was on the same branch as A. tumefaciens. The specific fragment of 155 bp was amplified by the ipt specific primer AtP3F/AtP3R in L-11, which further confirmed that blueberry crown gall disease was caused by A. tumefaciens. The field efficacy test results showed that 1.5% thiazinone emulsion in water had a better control effect on blueberry crown gall disease, with a relative control effect of 52%. This is the first report of blueberry crown gall disease caused by A. tumefaciens in Yunnan.

  Effect of Bio-organic Fertilizer on the Improvement of Nutrition and Vigor of Weak Bayberry Ren Haiying, Wang Jian, Zheng Xiliang, Zhang Shuwen, Zou Xiuqin, Yu Zheping, Qi Xingjiang 2021, 37 (16):  127-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0553 Abstract + ( 449 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1307KB )   ( 114 ) The weak disease of bayberry is serious in the industry. To develop the key prevention and control technology to the disease, three kinds of bio-organic fertilizers and Norwegian compound fertilizer were selected for the experiment, and the diseased trees without fertilization were used as the control. The three kinds of bio-organic fertilizers with application amount of 10-20 kg per plant had 66.12%-82.64% disease control effect, better than that of compound fertilizer which had no obvious effect, and the bio-organic fertilizers increased the soil pH and organic matter content of the treated diseased trees. The contents of seven elements in soil such as available nitrogen, available calcium, magnesium, available sulfur, zinc, copper and iron, and five elements in leaves, such as calcium, sulfur, iron, manganese and boron, were significantly increased. The vegetative growth and fruit quality were improved, the single fruit weight and soluble solids were increased by 51.8%-77.0% and 1.50-3.36 percentage points, respectively, and the titratable acid content was decreased by 0.16-0.31 percentage points. In summary, the bio-organic fertilizer has a certain control effect on weak disease of bayberry tree, and could improve the content of nutrient elements in soil and leaves of diseased trees, promote vegetative growth and fruit quality.

  Effects of Different Energy Levels on Fattening Performance of F1 Weaned Lambs of Hybrid Between Alpine Merino and South African Mutton Merino Fu Dehai, Liu Jianbin, Mao Caiqin, Ran Xingrong, Liu Miaomiao, Wang Xinrong 2021, 37 (16):  138-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0312 Abstract + ( 240 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1297KB )   ( 23 ) This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different energy levels on the growth performance and slaughter performance of Alpine Merino and South African mutton Merino crossbred F1 (Gao × Nan F1) weaned lambs. A single factor randomized trial design was adopted. Forty-five male lambs of Gao× Nan F1 generation were selected and divided into high, medium and low energy groups. The feeding experiment was conducted for 104 days to determine the growth indexes, slaughter performance and meat quality indexes. The results showed that with the increase of feeding period, the body weight of lambs in medium energy group increased significantly; the average feed intake and feed/gain of lambs in high and medium energy groups were significantly lower than those in low energy group (P<0.01); the live weight before slaughter of lambs in low energy group was significantly lower than that in high energy group and medium energy group (P<0.01); the carcass weight of lambs in high energy group was significantly higher than that in low energy group (P<0.05); the slaughter rate of lambs in medium energy group was significantly lower than that in low energy group (P<0.05). The results show that the minimum metabolizable energy level of Gao× Nan F1 lambs was 10.10 MJ/kg, which could promote the growth and development of lambs and nutrient digestion and absorption.

  Design and Application of Artificial Nest Box for Wild Bees: Research Status Han Dongbo, He Chunling, Ren Yingfeng, Luan Ke, Wang Shuaibing 2021, 37 (16):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0543 Abstract + ( 256 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1512KB )   ( 50 ) Wild bees are important pollinators of wild plants and crops in the natural environment, as well as the guarantee for maintaining the health of natural and agricultural ecosystems. In the natural environment, wild bees generally nest in tree holes, soils, plant stalks, stone crevice and other places, and it is difficult to find, study and protect wild bees as their nesting sites are hidden. Artificial nest box, also known as “bee hotels”, is designed based on the nesting sites and materials of wild bees, and could acts as the main method for monitoring, utilizing and protecting wild bee resources currently. This review summarized the design ideas, fabrication materials, structural collocation and application fields of artificial nest boxes for wild bees, and put forward some suggestions, in order to provide reference for future entomological research methods.

  Application of Pressurized Solvent Extraction Technology in the Extraction of Polysaccharide from Two Kinds of Edible and Medicinal Fungi Yan Jiajia, Wan Lu, Wu Tong, Zheng Chunying 2021, 37 (16):  150-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0429 Abstract + ( 193 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1314KB )   ( 44 ) The paper aims to develop Pressurized Solvent Extraction (PSE) for extracting polysaccharides in two kinds of edible and medicinal fungi with the Polyporus umbellatus and Poria cocos were chosen as raw materials, the single factor and orthogonal experiments were used to explore the optimal conditions for the extraction of polysaccharide by PSE. The results showed that the optimized parameters of PSE employed temperature 110℃, pressure 110 bar, and extracting time was set at 20 min for 2 times to extract polysaccharides in Polyporus umbellatus completely. Under the condition, the content of Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharide was (7.8684±0.1096) mg/g. Meanwhile, the optimized parameters of PSE employed temperature 110℃, pressure 120 bar, and extracting time was set at 25 min for 2 times to extract Poria cocos polysaccharides completely. Under the condition, the content of Poria cocos polysaccharide was (8.6965±0.1087) mg/g. As a conclusion, PSE can be used to extract polysaccharides from the two kinds of edible and medicinal fungi quickly and accurately.

  Knowledge Map Analysis of Castanopsis kawakamii Based on CiteSpace Ke Zhicheng, Lian Haifeng, He Zhongsheng, Liu Jinfu, Chen Yi 2021, 37 (16):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0392 Abstract + ( 469 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1806KB )   ( 50 ) Using CiteSpace V software, we analyzed 166 literature in Castanopsis kawakamiii research field in China National Knowledge Infrastructure from 1980 to 2019. According to the distribution of authors, research institutions, fund sources, journal sources and keywords, the knowledge map was drawn to show current research status, development process and future research trend of C. kawakamii. In addition, 15 SCI literature in the Web of Science database were compared. The results show that: (1) the C. kawakamii research is mainly based on C. kawakamii, soil fertility, plantations, natural forests, fir and forest gaps; (2) Liu Jinfu, Hong Wei, Yang Yusheng, He Zhongsheng and Chen Guangshui are the influential authors in this field; (3) Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (formerly Fujian Forestry College), Fujian Normal University, Fujian Sanming Castanopsis Nature Reserve are the main research institutions in this field; (4) high-volume journals included: Journal of Fujian Forestry College, Journal of Ecology, Forestry Science and Technology, Fujian Forestry Science and Technology; (5) C. kawakamii natural forest, soil fertility, planted forest, species diversity, C. lanceolata and forest gap have been the research hotspots in recent 40 years. In the future, there will be an upsurge of research on C. lanceolata, forest gaps and C. kawakamii litter.