Current issue

• 2021 Vol.37 No.15 Published:25 May 2021

  New Rice Variety ‘Yulong 7’ in the Cold Region: Identification and Adaptability Analysis Xin Hongmei 2021, 37 (15):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0234 Abstract + ( 616 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1174KB )   ( 104 ) The purpose of this study is to analyze the adaptability of a new rice variety ‘Yulong 7’ in the cold region, in order to provide reference for the adaptive breeding of rice varieties in the cold region. The rice variety ‘Yulong 7’ was used as material. The growth days, accumulated temperature and yield of hectare were investigated and analyzed in Heilongjiang Province, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Hubei Province. The results show that ‘Yulong 7’ could achieve not only good production in the first accumulative temperate zone of Heilongjiang Province, but also good introduction and identification results in the lower accumulative temperate zone of Heilongjiang Province, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Hubei Province, and it could be used in production in a certain range of area. Further analysis show that the strong adaptability of ‘Yulong 7’ comes from its rich genetic basis, as well as more suitable selection and identification methods. The adaptability of ‘Yulong 7’ reveals that only using the main cultivar suitable for local ecological conditions as the core germplasm and adding new gene sources can improve the adaptability and expand the suitable area of rice varieties.

  Rice Straw Biochar: Effects on Nutrient Absorption and Yield of Wheat in Jianghan Plain Liu Meiling, Liu Yue, Chen Tingting, Zou Juan, Shi Wenqi, Zeng Fansong, Gong Shuangjun, Huang Zhenyu, Liu Wei, Yang Lijun, Yu Dazhao 2021, 37 (15):  7-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0396 Abstract + ( 364 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1226KB )   ( 64 ) The study aims to reveal the effects of rice straw biochar application amount and time on nutrient absorption, soil nutrient content and yield of wheat after rice in Jianghan Plain. The typical fluvo-aquic area of rice-wheat rotation in Jianghan Plain was selected, and the basal application of chemical fertilizer with no biochar was used as the control. The treatments were set up, including the application before wheat sowing, topdressing at jointing stage, and different-amount biochar application at both of the stages. The wheat grains, plant stems and leaves, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil were detected with colorimetry and flame photometer methods. The grain yields were also compared. The results showed that the application of biochar could promote the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in wheat grains, plant stems and leaves, and increase the total accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in above ground plant parts. The highest values appeared when the basal and topdressing application of biochar was 13500 kg/hm2. Compared with the control, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in grain were increased by 20.3%, 17.8% and 12.4%, respectively, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in stems and leaves were increased by 11.9%, 34.5% and 13.9%, respectively, while the total accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were increased significantly by 18.2%, 24.0% and 13.7% (P < 0.05), respectively. After biochar application, the soil pH, organic matter and available phosphorus content were increased, and wheat plant height, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were improved. The application of rice straw biochar can promote soil condition and wheat yield.

  Biochar Application Amount: Effects on Growth, Development and Yield of Soybean Hou Weinan, Liu Jingyu, Xing Yichang, Liu Zehua, Zang Yongkui, Yuan Mei, Gao Yu, Shi Shusen 2021, 37 (15):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0374 Abstract + ( 408 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1276KB )   ( 147 ) In order to understand the effect of biochar application on soybean growth and yield, biochar with six different application amounts were applied in pot experiment. Main agronomic traits including plant height, fresh weight and dry weight (stem, leaf and root) were measured at flowering stage of soybean. Then the main yield characters and yield indexes were measured in the harvest period. The results show that the application of biochar has significant effects on the main agronomic traits in the early growth stage, even influencing yield and its traits in maturity stage of soybean obviously. The optimum application amount of biochar is 210.0 kg/hm2, under which the yield is 38.48% higher than the control. The relationship between the application amount of biochar and soybean yield is accordant with the quadratic function models: (R2=0.9368, P=0.0159). It is clear that moderate application of biochar in soil can promote the growth and yield of soybean, while excessive application can inhibit the growth and lead to the decrease of yield.

  Ridge Planting Patterns: Effects on Growth and Development and Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Peanut Liang Xinbo, Zhang Chen, Zhang Guanchu, Dai Liangxiang, Ding Hong, Xu Yang, Li Zelun, Shi Shubing, Zhang Zhimeng 2021, 37 (15):  20-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0494 Abstract + ( 392 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1265KB )   ( 80 ) To explore the effects of different ridge rows on the growth and development, photosynthesis and yield of peanut plants under the ridge planting mode, field experiments with different ridge row numbers were set up, including one ridge 1 row, one ridge 2 rows, one ridge 3 rows and one ridge 4 rows. The changes of agronomic traits, photosynthetic efficiency and yield traits of peanuts were studied during each growth period. The results showed that the number of ridge rows significantly affected the main stem height, lateral branch length and leaf area index, but they had no significant effect on the number of branches. Under the one ridge 1 row planting mode, the main stem height, lateral branch length and leaf area index peak increased by 4.02%-16.12%, 3.07%-20.97%, 28.33%-62.68%, respectively, compared with other treatments. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of peanut under the one ridge 1 row and one ridge 2 rows mode was significantly higher than that of other treatments. Under the one ridge 2 rows mode, the Pn peak lagged behind for 30 days, and the Pn during pod setting period increased by 11.24%-30.67%, compared with other treatments. Compared with one ridge 1 row mode, the vegetative growth time of one ridge 2 rows mode prolonged, the photosynthetic accumulation increased, and the yield increased by 7.65%-24.52%. The study could provide a technical approach for peanut high-yield cultivation.

  Monoecious Phellodendron Amurense Rupr.: Sexual Reproduction Characteristics Fan Yongfang, Xu Shuo, Zhang Zhao, Yu Jing, Wei Xueping, He Lihong 2021, 37 (15):  26-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0026 Abstract + ( 612 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1717KB )   ( 43 ) Phellodendron amurense Rupr. is strictly considered as a kind of dioecious plants. However, for the first time, the authors discovered monoecious P.amurense existing in the natural world. Aiming to study the sexual reproduction ability of monoecious plants, the authors used monoecious plants as experimental objects, and focused on researching both the sexual organs morphology and reproduction in contrast to female and male plants. A two-year study on over 5000 flowers found: (1) monoecious plants were not different from male and female plants in the morphology and development of pollen and stigmas, with a pollen germination rate over 23%, as high as that of male plants on the whole; (2) in term of the fruiting rate, female plants pollinated by monoecious plants pollen was 86.69%, the pistillate flower of monoecious plants pollinated by male plant pollen was 91.30%, the naturally pollinated ones was 95.69%, and the self-pollinated ones was 88.01%. Monoecious plants, both male and female, reproduced normally, and were selfed successfully. This study provides a new direction for research on sexual differentiation of P.amurense and a new way for biological protection.

  Investigation and Analysis of Dominant Species of Wild Ground Cover Species Under Ancient Trees of Pinus tabulaeformis and P. bungeana Wang Xuehan, Ge Yuxuan, Dong Kun, Kong Weiyi 2021, 37 (15):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0469 Abstract + ( 342 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1204KB )   ( 38 ) The paper aims to grasp the species of wild ground cover plants under the ancient trees of Pinus tabulaeformis and P. bungeana, and provide a basis for the ecological restoration of vegetation under the ancient trees. This study investigated the species of wild ground cover plants under the ancient trees of P. tabuliformis and P. bungeana in the Biyun Temple of Fragrant Hills Park and the Yongling Mausoleum of the Ming Tombs. The species and average height of all ground cover plants under the ancient trees, and the numbers, frequency and covered area of each species were recorded. The dominant species of ground cover plants were analyzed based on the importance value, which was calculated by the relative abundance, relative coverage, and relative frequency. The results showed that the summer dominant species under the P. tabuliformis in Biyun Temple of Fragrant Hills Park were Oplismenus undulatifolius, Carex leucochlora, Lespedeza floribunda, and Clematis brevicaudata, and the summer dominant species under the P. bungeana were Oplismenus undulatifolius and Clematis brevicaudata. The summer dominant species under the P. tabuliformis in Yongling of the Ming Tombs were Lespedeza floribunda, Vitex negundo, and Oplismenus undulatifolius, and the summer dominant species under the P. bungeana were Lespedeza floribunda, Vitex negundo, Xeridium sonchifolium, Carex leucochlora, and Ziziphus jujuba. Although there are some differences in the ground cover plants under different regions and different types of ancient forest. Oplismenus undulatifoliusc, Lespedeza floribunda and Carex leucochlora were wild dominant species which appeared in Xiangshan and Ming Tombs respectively, these three plants might be used in the restoration of ancient trees vegetation.

  Effects of Different Excipients and Microbial Agents on Aerobic Composting of Sheep Manure Lu Jiawei, Wang Mingze, Wang Qi, Wei Zongyou, Zhang Yanli, Wang Feng 2021, 37 (15):  39-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0428 Abstract + ( 327 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1297KB )   ( 48 ) Aerobic composting is currently the effective recycling way to use sheep manure. This research aims at exploring the effects of the excipients and microbial agents on the maturity of sheep manure aerobic composting. We used sheep manure, rice straw and fungus bran as raw materials, added exogenous inoculants, measured the physical and chemical indicators, biological indicators and heavy metal indicators in each treatment. The average temperature was Z4>Z3>Z2>Z1, the highest temperature was 68.1℃, 69.1℃, 69.3℃ and 71.1℃, respectively. pH increased first and then decreased. At the end of composting, pH was 8.53, 8.25, 8.43 and 8.35, respectively. C/N decreased gradually and was 15, 16, 15 and 14 respectively at the end of composting. The moisture content gradually decreased, and the moisture content of Z2 was the lowest among the four treatments at the end of composting, furthermore the loss rate was the largest which was 66.82%. The total potassium content gradually increased, and the total potassium content of Z4 increased by 196.58%. GI gradually increased, reaching 110% on day 50, Z4 reached it first. The content of NH4+-N decreased with fluctuation. The heavy metal content did not exceed the national standards. The effect of composting sheep manure with rice straw was better than that with fungus bran, and the combination of mixed agents and fungus bran treatment entered the thermophilic stage in advance, reached the maturity rapidly in the sheep manure composting.

  Rooting Agent (GGR-6): Effects on the Response of Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis to Drought Stress Wang Jinghong, Chen Ai, Zhang Wen, Zhao Yi, Tian Jingyao, Wang Zhensheng, Xu Gudan, Lin Jixiang 2021, 37 (15):  47-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0458 Abstract + ( 351 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1128KB )   ( 45 ) To explore the physiological role of rooting agent (GGR-6) on plant growth and drought tolerance, two high quality turfgrass, Festuca rubra ‘Rubra’ and Poa pratensis ‘Merit’ were used as the materials in this study. The controlling water method was adopted, and the two kinds of turfgrass were irrigated with different concentrations of GGR-6 at different periods after sowing. The results showed that the activities of antioxidant enzymes in F. rubra and P. pratensis increased first and then decreased under drought stress, and the content of free proline increased to maintain osmotic balance, but the content of MDA in leaf kept at a low level. The drought tolerance of P. pratensis was higher than that of F. rubra. GGR-6 irrigation could obviously promote the growth of the two kinds of turfgrass seedlings, and improve their drought resistance. For F. rubra, GGR-6 irrigation with low concentrations (0.1 g/L, 0.2 g/L) one week after sowing had a better effect. For P. pratensis, GGR-6 irrigation with low concentrations (0.1 g/L, 0.2 g/L) two weeks after sowing, and high concentration (0.3 g/L) after three weeks had better effects. The results suggest that GGR-6 plays an important role in the drought tolerance of plant, and the study provides a scientific basis for the use of exogenous substances to improve plant drought resistance.

  Soil Improvement Effect of Five Different Typical Forests in Saline-alkali Soil in Western Jilin Province Wang Zimo, Lin Shijie, Zhang Dawei, He Huaijiang, Chen Siyu, Bao Guangdao, Jia Qingbin, Zhang Zhonghui 2021, 37 (15):  55-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0408 Abstract + ( 331 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1266KB )   ( 52 ) To reveal the soil improvement effect of different forest types in saline land of western Jilin Province, five types of typical forests distributed in Qian’an County, Songyuan City were selected as research objects, which were Tamarix chinensis forest, Populus × xiaohei forest, Pinus tabuliformis forest, Populus × xiaohei and Ulmus pumila mixed forest and Lycium chinense forest, respectively. Took the unplanted land as control, the physicochemical properties of soil in 0-30 cm were studied by the method of soil sampling and laboratory measurement. The results showed that: compared with the unplanted land, the physical and chemical properties of soil of the 5 kinds of forests were all improved to a certain extent. The soil bulk density decreased while the soil porosity increased. Soil infiltration capacity in different forest types was improved. The pH significantly decreased by 3.69% to 7.50% compared with the unplanted land in 0-10 cm soil layer. Soil nutrient content of forestland was significantly increased compared with the unplanted land. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorous, available phosphorous, total potassium and available potassium content of forestland were higher than that of the unplanted land in every soil layer. Soil nutrient content mainly concentrated in 0-20 cm, showing obvious surface accumulation. Using principal component analysis to evaluate the 14 soil quality indicators, the comprehensive score of the 5 types of forests were listed in the sequence of Lycium chinense forest (43.81) > Tamarix chinensis forest (40.79) > Populus ×xiaohei and Ulmus pumila mixed forest (40.33) > Populus ×xiaohei forest (39.31) > Pinus tabuliformis forest (39.03) > CK (33.55). The five types of typical forests could improve soil physiochemical properties. Lycium chinense and Tamarix chinensis could be considered as the optimized tree species in the process of saline land improvement by restoring vegetation in western Jilin Province.

  Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Soil Nitrogen Residue and the Following Crops Under Wheat-maize Rotation System Wang Ping, Yin Fuwei, Li Pinghai, Yan Baoluo, Zong Yan, Li Fang, Liu Xiangpan, Hou Wei 2021, 37 (15):  63-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0410 Abstract + ( 277 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1179KB )   ( 55 ) To determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on soil nitrogen residue and the following crops under wheat-maize rotation system, in the present study, different nitrogen fertilizer levels and application stages were set in both mortar black and sandy loam soils. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the yield and the accumulation of nitrogen in soil at the ripe stage. Backward nitrogen application could increase soil nitrogen residue, especially the proportion in upper soil. Residual soil nitrogen could increase the yield of the following crops without the application of nitrogen fertilizer, however there was no effect under normal nitrogen application. There was significant difference between mortar black soil and sandy loam soil. At the ripe stage, the accumulation of nitrogen in mortar black soil was more than that in sandy loam soil, especially the distribution in upper layer of soil. The following crops had higher yield in mortar black soil under no nitrogen fertilizer application, but the yield increase in sandy loam soil is significantly higher with nitrogen fertilizer application on the following crops. The results indicate that residual soil nitrogen could increase the yield of the following crops, but that could be eliminated by nitrogen application.

  Influencing Factors of N2O Emission from Tea Garden Soil and Emission Reduction Measures Fang Yage, Su Youjian, Liao Wanyou, Zhang Yongli, Luo Yi, Sun Yulong, Liao Jun, Wang Yejun 2021, 37 (15):  72-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0416 Abstract + ( 278 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1123KB )   ( 35 ) The soil of tea plantations can release large amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O) through the role of microorganisms. Therefore, it is so urgent to understand the mechanism and influencing factors of N2O production from the tea garden soil to provide a theoretical basis for reducing N2O emission. A review of the effects of nitrogen source, organic matter, pH, moisture, temperature and texture on N2O emission from the soil of tea plantations was conducted, and the corresponding measures of N2O emission reduction were proposed. Through explaining the above influencing factors, we found that denitrification had big contribution to N2O emission; nitrogen fertilizer application, the physical and chemical properties of soil and meteorological factors played important roles in N2O emission. Application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, deep application of nitrogen fertilizer, using recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and organic nutrient replacement technology could reduce N2O emission of tea plantation soil.

  Soil Microbial Mechanism of Disease Resistant Sugar Beet Variety Liu Hong, Dong Yuanhua, Sui Yueyu, Li Jiangang 2021, 37 (15):  78-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0441 Abstract + ( 279 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 2178KB )   ( 59 ) This study took sugar beet and its root rot as the research objects, and analyzed the changes of soil microbial community composition, structure and function of different sugar beet varieties with different degrees of disease, so as to obtain the relationship among resistant varieties, degree of disease and rhizosphere microorganisms, and reveal the soil microbial mechanism of disease-resistant varieties. In this paper, two kinds of sugar beet varieties including the disease-resistant and disease-susceptible types were employed, and two different sugar beet varieties with low and high disease severity were separately selected to measure bacteria and fungi communities in their rhizosphere by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the rhizosphere microbial (bacteria and fungi) diversity of sugar beet with lower disease symptom were relatively higher than that with higher disease severity, at the same time, the fungal diversity of disease-resistant sugar beet rhizosphere soil was higher than that in disease-sensitive types. NMDS analysis demonstrated that resistance breeding could significantly affect the community structure of soil fungi, and the community structure of both bacteria and fungi could be notably distinguished from different disease status. In terms of the enrichment of rhizosphere microorganisms, disease-resistant sugar beets enriched some beneficial bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter and Bacillus, while susceptible sugar beets enriched more plant pathogenic microorganisms-Fusarium oxysporum. In addition, the samples with lower disease severity tended to have more beneficial bacteria, including unclassified Acidobacteria, Bacillus, Rubrobacter, unclassified Actinomycetes, Streptomyces, and Nocardioides. Furthermore, FUNGuild functional prediction showed that more plant pathogens were detected in susceptible sugar beets and samples with higher disease severity. In conclusion, although disease-resistant varieties and healthy plants differ in microbial species, a large number of beneficial microorganisms gather in their rhizosphere, while disease-susceptible types and the plants with higher disease severity are more likely to be colonized by pathogenic microorganisms around the roots. One of the microbial mechanism of resistance formation in a disease-resistant sugar beet variety is that plants recruit more beneficial bacteria as the first line to defense against pathogen infection when the plants grow. This study clarifies the resistance mechanism of disease-resistant varieties from the perspective of soil microbiome and enriches the theoretical mechanism of resistance generation of disease-resistant varieties.

  Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Yield of Potato Ma Wenjun, Wu Jun, Song Xuefeng, Wang Yuesheng, Cai Liqun 2021, 37 (15):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0449 Abstract + ( 313 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 59 ) To explore the influence of organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties of potato soil, the experiment adopted the potato continuous planting mode and set 3 fertilization treatments, namely: single fertilizer application (T), organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer (YTF 1/2) and full amount of organic fertilizer (YTF). The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of potato field soil and potato yield changed under different fertilization treatments, among which the most obvious changes were found in soil indexes of soil bulk density, porosity, saturated water conductivity and available phosphorus. Compared with T treatment, YTF treatment could significantly reduce soil bulk density by 16.8% (P<0.05) and increase soil porosity by 12.7% and the saturated conductivity by 25.3%, and YTF treatment could significantly increase soil available phosphorus content by 43.0%. However, the differences of soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium among all the treatments were not significant. Meanwhile, compared to T treatment, YTF treatment could also significantly increase the content of soil aggregates. YTF and YTF 1/2 treatment could increase potato yield by 24.6% and 12.8%, respectively, compared with T treatment. Therefore, applying organic fertilizer could not only improve soil structure and soil physical properties, but also increase yield and income.

  Research on the mechanism of Salt Resistance in Sugar Beet based on OMICS Technologies Lu Zhengyu, Wang Gang, Li Renren, Cui Rufei, Geng Gui 2021, 37 (15):  92-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0701 Abstract + ( 263 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1310KB )   ( 100 ) In order to reveal the molecular response mechanism of sugar beet under salt stress, OMICS Technology is used to discover and identify key genes and proteins, and quickly provided new evidence for the salt tolerance mechanism of sugar beet. This study reviews the research progress of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and genomics in the mechanism of sugar beet salt tolerance. At present, studies have found that transcriptomics and proteomics can screen key candidate genes for sugar beet salt tolerance, such as BvM14-SAMS2, BvM14-glyoxalase I, BvNHX, etc., and use genomics to verify the discovered genes. At the same time, this study explores the application of metabolomics in the study of sugar beet salt stress, and looks forward to provide new information and new ideas for sugar beet salt stress related research from evaluating gene function through quantitative and qualitative measurement of metabolites. In the future, we should continue to deepen the integration of various omics technologies, strengthen the awareness of multi-disciplinary integration and actively innovate to discover more high-quality genetic resources and genetic resources of sugar beet salt tolerance.

  Cloning and Expression Analysis of PDS Gene from Rhododendron molle Xiao Zheng, Su Jiale, Liu Xiaoqing, Sun Xiaobo, He Lisi, Chen Shangping, Zhou Huimin, Li Chang 2021, 37 (15):  99-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0434 Abstract + ( 272 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 3090KB )   ( 33 ) We aim to study the function of PDS gene in Rhododendron molle, and provide a theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of petal coloring. R. molle was used as material, a PDS gene was cloned from R. molle cDNA using RT-PCR and RACE methods. The full-length cDNA sequence of the PDS gene is 2098 bp, named RmPDS. The sequence analysis showed that the RmPDS contained a 1743 bp open reading frame encoding 580 amino acids. The homologous alignment showed that it shared 87.80% of amino acid identities with PDS from the other plant plants using NCBI blast tool. The phylogenetic tree constructed by MEGA software indicated that the genetic relationship between R. molle and Camellia sinensis was the most intimate. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the RmPDS gene expression level was lower in the bud stage and expansion stage, and reached to the highest level in the early flowering stage, but decreased in the blooming stage. RmPDS was involved in the formation of R. molle flower color. This study may provide references for further research on the molecular mechanism of RmPDS involved in the formation of R. molle flower color. Meanwhile, the study provides a reporter gene for the construction of the VIGS system in Rhododendorn.

  DNA Barcodes Study of Echinochloa Yuan Guohui, Tian Zhihui, Li Tao, Qian Zhenguan, Shen Guohui 2021, 37 (15):  106-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0372 Abstract + ( 215 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1493KB )   ( 28 ) To evaluate the effectiveness of DNA barcodes in the identification of the genus Echinochloa, two candidate DNA barcodes from nuclear genome (ITS, ETS) and three candidate DNA barcodes from chloroplast genome (psbA, trnL-F, matK) were analyzed. The study amplified and sequenced the five candidate DNA barcodes from four Echinochloa species (E. crus-galli var. mitis, E. crus-galli var. crus-galli, E. caudate and E. crus-galli var. praticola), and analyzed the characteristics of each DNA barcode. The results show that matK has the highest proportion of variable sites (3.6%), and ETS has the lowest (1.7%); psbA has the largest interspecific distance, while matK has the largest intraspecific distance. The neighbor-joining (NJ) tree shows that all five candidate DNA barcodes have the ability to identify E. caudata, and their support rates are all higher than 80%. Furthermore, ITS could distinguish E. crus-galli var. praticola from E. crus-galli var. mitis and E. crus-galli var. crus-galli species. Therefore, it is recommended to use ITS as the potential DNA barcode for identifying Echinochloa.

  Five Strains of Cellulosimicrobium: Isolation, Identification and Enzymatic Activity Wang Guangqin, Huang Ying, Wen Mingxia, Gou Jianyu, Dai Fei, Ding Mengjiao 2021, 37 (15):  112-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0013 Abstract + ( 359 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 2366KB )   ( 59 ) The aim is to apply the corn stalk biomass resources of Guizhou in tobacco crop rotation by using the microbial degradation method. The tobacco planting soil was used as material, the Congo red staining method and CMCase enzyme activity determination were used to screen the bacteria strains, and the straw degradation rate of corn stalk was determined by weight loss method. The results showed that 44 cellulose decomposing bacteria strains were obtained in the experiment, 20 cellulose decomposing bacteria strains were obtained in the preliminary screening. Five strains with larger D/d value were selected and 10 compound bacteria strains were obtained through antagonistic experiment. In addition, the five high efficient cellulose decomposing bacterial strains were preliminarily identified as Cellulosimicrobium cellulans or Cellulosimicrobium funkei (100% homology). The CMCase enzyme activity of the compound bacteria strains was higher than that of the single bacteria strain, and the bacteria with high enzyme activity value (i.e., 314.39 U/mL) and short time of achieving the enzyme activity (i.e., 5 days) were selected to do corn stalk degradation experiments. The degradation rate of corn stalk was about 53.35% after 25 days, which was 1.87 times of the control group. Therefore, the five strains can be used as potential developing strains for corn stalk returning to field in tobacco growing areas of Guizhou Province, and could play a significant role in the effective utilization of resources, environmental protection and improvement of continuous cropping obstacles in tobacco-growing soil.

  Three Kinds of Plant Extracts Against Pyricularia grisea: Antifungal Activity and Antifungal Mechanism Liang Qi, Fu Xinwei, Li Yunpeng, Yang Shengfu 2021, 37 (15):  120-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0823 Abstract + ( 294 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 3060KB )   ( 68 ) The aims are to explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Coptis chinensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Cinnamomum cassia extracts on Pyricularia grisea, and lay a theoretical foundation for developing new inhibitors of Pyricularia grisea. The antifungal activity was determined by the hypha growth rate method. The cell membrane permeability of hyphae, material synthesis and metabolism, and ultra microstructure of hyphal cells were observed by the conventional indoor analysis method. The results showed that the three extracts had strong inhibitory activity on the mycelial growth of Pyricularia grisea. The half fungal inhibitor concentration of Coptis chinensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Cinnamomum cassia were 4.17 mg/mL, 4.48 mg/mL and 5.22 mg/mL, respectively. After treated with the three extracts, malondialdehyde content and conductivity leakage of Pyricularia grisea hypha increased, and the contents of pyruvate and soluble protein decreased, and the hyphae showed morphological changes and other abnormal growth. It can be seen that the three extracts have outstanding inhibitory effect on Pyricularia grisea, and they can destroy the cell membrane and ultramicroscopic morphology and interfere with the synthesis and metabolism of substances, which are expected to be developed as inhibitors of Pyricularia grisea.

  Anthracnose Disease on Prunus salicina ‘Banbianhong’: Investigation and Pathogen Identification Wang Qun, Bi Yunqing, He Chengxing, Guo Zhixiang, Zhong Dewei, Li Junhong, Chen Qianzhao, You Jihua, Huang Zhenghui, Li Jinbin 2021, 37 (15):  128-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0328 Abstract + ( 395 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 2098KB )   ( 47 ) The aim is to investigate the anthracnose disease and the pathogen species in Prunus salicina ‘Banbianhong’ and provide a basis to prevent and control the disease. In this study, six P. salicina ‘Banbianhong’ orchards were taken as research objects in two major production areas, Huiyi and Xintan Town in Suijiang County, Yunnan Province, anthracnose disease was investigated and pathogenic fungi were isolated and stored. The pathogen species were identified and analyzed according to the spore morphology and ITS sequences of Colletotrichum. Disease investigation showed that the disease severity of anthracnose in Xintan was higher than that in Huiyi. A total of 15 single spore isolates were obtained, and the morphology of colonies on every strain plate had weak difference. Four kinds of conidia were obtained and all of them were pathogenic by Tie-back experiment. rDNA ITS sequence phylogenetic analysis showed that the pathogen of anthracnose disease in P. salicina ‘Banbianhong’ were Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex and C. siamense species complex. This study investigated the damage status of anthracnose disease in P. salicina ‘Banbianhong’, got the single spore isolates, and determined the complex groups of the pathogen of anthracnose disease in P. salicina ‘Banbianhong’.

  Research on Sustainable Livelihood Evaluation of Flexible Employment of Ethnic Minority Female in Poverty Area Wu Wenjie, Wang Mengke, Zhao Yanmei, Kai Diriye·Aili 2021, 37 (15):  137-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0062 Abstract + ( 266 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1060KB )   ( 46 ) Promoting female’s employment out of poverty is of great significance for enhancing female’s self-development capability and promoting sustainable development of family. In this paper, the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) evaluation method and sustainable livelihood framework were used to conduct field research in southern Xinjiang, and the sample townships in Kashgar that just overcome poverty in 2020 were selected to conduct a sample survey. The article classified and identified ethnic minority female’s vulnerability and poverty from personal endowment, family characteristics and social security and then established a sustainable livelihood assets evaluation system for measuring their sustainable livelihood assets, comparatively analyzed the stability of livelihood assets difference, and then explored the benefits of flexible employment for ethnic minority women in poverty areas and their sustainable livelihood requirements. The results show that (1) personal resource endowments, family environment and social security factors could all generate vulnerability to poverty risk, but the rural female’s willingness to flexible employment is actually strong; (2) rural female’s flexible employment livelihood asset index level is generally low in the study areas, and its internal difference is large; (3) based on the asset index and vulnerability characteristics, Shache and Yecheng County could be defined as areas with fragile personal endowments and family environments; Yingjisha and Jiashi County could be defined as areas with fragile family environment and social security. Therefore, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed to optimize female livelihood assets allocation and keep sustainable development of employment out of poverty.

  High Quality Development Path and Countermeasures of Geographical Indication Industry in Qinghai Province Yang Xinyu, Zhu Shunjun, Duan Jingping, Chen Jinsong, Li Shuzhi 2021, 37 (15):  143-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0468 Abstract + ( 332 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1092KB )   ( 59 ) By analyzing the present situation and problems of geographical indication development in Qinghai Province and its role in agricultural economic development, this paper put forward the path and countermeasures of high-quality development of geographical indication industry in Qinghai Province, so as to promote rural industry revitalization and agricultural economic development. The number of geographical indications, regional distribution, product classification, use of geographical indications and brand promotion in Qinghai Province and the existing problems were analyzed. The correlation between the number of geographical indications and agricultural economic development in Qinghai Province from 2010 to 2019 was studied. The results showed that: (1) geographical indications in Qinghai Province were mainly concentrated in Haidong City, Haibei Prefecture and Xining City, and the products of geographical indication were mainly fruits and vegetables and breeding products; the use of geographical indication had become a new growth point for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry and the income increase of farmers and herdsmen, and the promotion of geographical indication brands had achieve certain results; (2) there were still some problems, such as insufficient attention paid by the government to geographical indication, weak brand awareness of geographical indication by producers and consumers, small number of geographical indications applying for registration, “attach importance to registration and despise use”, lack of professional talents, etc; (3) the number of geographical indications in Qinghai Province had not yet shown a positive impact on the local agricultural output value. Based on the analysis, the paper puts forward the development path of geographical indication industry in Qinghai Province: (1) strengthening overall planning and systematically promoting the development of geographical indication industry in the whole province; (2) supporting leading enterprises to create industrial clusters of geographical indication characteristics; (3) focusing on four key links and building a new pattern of closed-loop development of the entire industrial chain; (4) making excellent public services and creating a good environment for the development of geographical indication industry; (5) strengthening team building to provide talent support for the development of geographical indication industry. The authors also propose 14 specific countermeasures and suggestions.

  Policy-Driven Analysis of Grain Planting Structure Change in Heilongjiang Province——Based on DID Model Zou Xiaojiao, Zhang Yu 2021, 37 (15):  150-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0291 Abstract + ( 419 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1238KB )   ( 48 ) To ensure food security and farmers’ income from planting, and to realize the rational distribution of regional planting structure, difference in difference method (DID) was used to analyze the relationship between the change of planting structure and policy drive in Heilongjiang Province with the statistical data from 2001 to 2018, based on the research perspective of agricultural product acquisition policy. The results showed that the minimum purchase price policy, the temporary storage price policy and the ‘price-subsidy separation’ policy had a significantly positive effect on the planting area of rice and corn, and promote the increase of planting income at the same time. The effect of temporary storage price policy and ‘price-subsidy separation’ policy on soybean planting area was not obvious, while the target price policy had a significantly negative effect on soybean planting area. However, the ‘price-subsidy separation’ policy had a significantly positive effect on soybean income, but the effect of temporary storage price policy and target price policy was relatively small. The pre-crop income had a positive effect on the farmers’ planting decision except for the policy period of corn ‘price-subsidy separation’ policy. Therefore, the analysis of the relationship between planting structure change and policy-driven is significant to re-examine agricultural policies, as well as further draft and revise the future food security measures.

  Regional Differentiation of Land Use Change Characteristics in Rural Tourism Areas in Sichuan: An Empirical Study Based on Pingle and Suopo Township Jiang Yi, Li Zongnan, Dong Xiuchun, Liu Zhongyou, Ren Guoye, Gou Jiesong 2021, 37 (15):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0507 Abstract + ( 281 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2301KB )   ( 55 ) We analyzed the characteristics and differences of land use changes in typical hilly and mountainous rural tourism areas in Sichuan Province, to provide references for the rational use of rural land. In this paper, Pingle township in the hilly area and Suopo township in the mountainous and gorge area in Sichuan were selected as the research areas. We studied land use type transfer characteristics and change intensity and compared the difference of land use changes in different rural tourism areas by collecting literature and data related to local rural tourism and drawing land use type distribution maps in different periods upon remote sensing images and field surveys. The results showed that: (1) the land use change in the study area showed a trend of decreasing arable land and forest land, and an increasing trend in transportation land and residential land; there was an obvious phenomenon of mutual transformation between agriculture and forest land because of the development of tourism and agriculture and forestry industries; (2) there were obvious differences in the intensity of land use change in different rural tourism areas: the intensity of land use change in Pingle township in the hilly area was greater than that in Suopo township in the mountainous area. In conclusion, the hilly and mountainous rural tourism areas in Sichuan Province should formulate comprehensive development plans for agriculture, forestry and tourism on the basis of local natural resources, tourism resources, and locational conditions and so on, to promote rational land use and rural revitalization.