Current issue

• 2021 Vol.37 No.22 Published:05 August 2021

  Effect of Silicon Fertilizer on Rice Yield, Grain Quality and Lodging Resistance Zeng Renjie 2021, 37 (22):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0659 Abstract + ( 431 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1333KB )   ( 63 ) The effects of silicon fertilizer on rice lodging resistance, yield performance and grain quality were investigated to prompt the sustainable development of Helonggongmi industry. With ‘Yuzhenxiang’ as material, 2 different silicon fertilizers (S1: Senfu and S2: Caidelong ETDA silicon fertilizer) were used and no silicon fertilizer treatment was taken as control. The effects on rice stem morphology and mechanical character, and grain production and quality were studied. The results showed that the application of silicon fertilizers had little influence on plant morphology characteristics (plant height, stem diameter, culm wall thickness, leaf length and leaf area). The grain production was enhanced by 2.82% and 4.83% under S1 and S2 treatment, the effective panicle number was increased by 11.57% and 13.74%, respectively, the head rice rate was increase by 7.48% and 13.07%, the thrust resistance was increased by 18.31% and 3.82%. Silicon fertilizer could enhance plant lodging resistance, increase grain production and improve quality to a certain extent, but the effects vary with silicon fertilizer types, and the S1 treatment is suitable for high yield cultivation of Helonggongmi.

  The Effect of Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat Liu Weixing, Zhang Wenjie, Wang Jiarui, Ma Geng, Kang Juan, Wang Chenyang 2021, 37 (22):  5-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0160 Abstract + ( 356 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1418KB )   ( 60 ) The paper aims to explore the interaction effects of nitrogen application rate and planting density on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat. Under the condition of field positioning experiment in 2017 and 2018, ‘Aikang 58’ was used as experimental material to study the effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on dry matter accumulation and transport, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat, with three sowing densities of 112.5, 150 and 187.5 kg/hm2 and four nitrogen application levels of 0, 180, 240 and 300 kg/hm2. The results showed that under the same sowing density, the transport amount of dry matter stored after anthesis and its contribution rate to grain yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level, while the trend before anthesis was opposite; the population tiller number, spike number, grain number per spike and yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen application level, but the thousand seed weight and nitrogen use efficiency decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level. In addition, the negative effects of reducing nitrogen application rate on wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency could be offset by increasing planting density. Therefore, the reasonable combination of nitrogen application rate and planting density can improve wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The recommended nitrogen application rate for winter wheat is 240 kg/hm2 and the planting density is 150 kg/hm2.

  Breeding of Nationally Approved Wheat Variety ‘Linhan 8’ with Cold Resistance, Water Saving and High Yield Liu Xinyue, Liu Li, Zhang Songling, Wei Yunzong 2021, 37 (22):  11-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0658 Abstract + ( 488 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1242KB )   ( 63 ) Aiming at the ecological environment with high frequency of drought, freezing damage, cold in spring, dry hot wind and other adverse factors in HuangHuai wheat region, we focused on the aggregation of wheat characteristics such as high quality, high yield, adversity resistance and wide adaption, and bred varieties suitable for the region. Taking widely adaptive and high quality ‘Jinmai 79’ as the female parent, and drought resistant, freezing resistant and high quality ‘Linhan 5408’ as the male parent, cross breeding was carried out to achieve the complementarity of the characteristics and the aggregation of the high quality genes. ‘Linhan 8’ was selected with the methods of pedigree and distant hybridization, alternative selection between irrigation and dryland field, appraisal under different ecological sites, and molecular marker assistance. Molecular genetic test showed that ‘Linhan 8’ had 8 drought resistant and water saving relative genes and 10 markers highly linked with high water utilization. The yield of the regional trial in HuangHuai drought and barren area for winter wheat reached 4873.5 kg/hm2, increased by 7.0% compared with that of ‘Jinmai 47’ in 2017-2018. The yield of the production trial reached 4656.0 kg/hm2, increased by 8.4% compared with that of ‘Jinmai 47’ in 2018-2019. ‘Linhan 8’ was approved by the State Crop Variety Certification Commission with GuoShenMai No. 202000033. This variety has the characteristics of high quality, high and stable yield, drought resistance, strong resistance to adversity and wide adaptability. It also has certain cold resistance, a large number of panicles, net panicle layers, good light transmission and favorable maturity appearance. The variety is suitable for planting in Huang-Huai drought and barren area such as Jinnan in Shanxi Province, Baoji, Xianyang, Tongchuan in Shannxi Province, Henan Province, and the drought and barren field in Cangzhou of Hebei Province.

  Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Yield, Water and Heat Effect of Dry Land Maize in Eastern Qinghai Liu Yingchuan, Yang Kai, Wang Jingui 2021, 37 (22):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0687 Abstract + ( 330 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1237KB )   ( 43 ) To study the effect of plastic film mulching on soil water and heat effect and yield of dry land spring maize, this study compared the whole film mulching cultivation with traditional open field cultivation in Minhe County of Haidong, Qinghai Province, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the sustainability of plastic film mulching cultivation of local dry land maize. The results show that: the application of plastic film mulching technology to spring maize cultivation could significantly increase the soil water storage (0-20 cm), which is 13.9% higher than that of non-film treatment, so the topsoil could keep moist during the growth period. Compared with the treatment without plastic film, the water use efficiency of maize is increased by 9.53 kg/(mm·hm2), which is 48.1% more. During the whole growth period, the average soil temperature of plastic film mulching treatment is 4.9℃ higher than that of non-mulching treatment. The warming effect of plastic film mulching is mainly observed in the early growth stage of maize, and the warming effect of film mulching treatment on soil temperature of plough layer gradually decreases with the development period. Plastic film mulching could significantly improve the economic traits of maize, such as 100 grain weight and ear grain weight,compared with the non-film treatment, the yield is increased by 50.6%. Plastic film mulching could improve the water and heat status of shallow soil and promote the yield of maize. At the same time, the plastic film mulching cultivation technology has the risk of aggravating the consumption of deep soil water by maize, and with the increase of planting years, it might have adverse effects on the annual balance of soil water. Therefore, how to effectively regulate and control the soil water status under mulching cultivation mode in arid areas still needs further research.

  Integrated Assessment of the Tuber Nutritional Quality of New Winter Potato Varieties Li Simeng, Li Kaifeng, Li Maoxing, Guo Huachun, Wang Qiong 2021, 37 (22):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0544 Abstract + ( 374 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1234KB )   ( 45 ) This study aims to assess the nutritional quality of new winter potato varieties (lines) and select the applicable materials for staple food. The ‘Lishu 6’ variety was used as control, the main nutritional quality traits of five new potato varieties (lines), including the contents of dry matter, reducing sugar, vitamin C, protein, starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin, and etc., were analyzed. Combining with principal component and correlation analysis, the fuzzy mathematics membership function method was used to evaluate the main nutritional quality of potato tubers of different varieties (lines). It was found that the reducing sugar has demonstrated the maximum variable coefficient (31.17%), while the minimum variable coefficient was reflected on the amylopectin (2.37%). Moreover, the dry matter, amylose and amylopectin were able to represent 85.239% of the nutritional quality to a large extent. Fuzzy mathematics membership function analysis further suggested that the recommended order of the experimental potato varieties (lines) for food consumption was: ‘D1224’> ‘D1428’> ‘D1208’> ‘Dianshu 23’> ‘Dianshu 47’> ‘Lishu 6’.

  Effects of Different Transplanting Periods on Aroma Quality of Upper Leaves of Flue-cured Tobacco in Winter Chen Xiaolong, Duan Weidong, Zhang Zhan, Shen Hongtao, Feng Xingbing, Zhang Liuchen, Deng Xiaopeng, Cai Yongzhan, Yang Min, Huang Feiyan, Yu Lei, Tong Wenjie, Yin Guangting 2021, 37 (22):  28-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0635 Abstract + ( 334 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1401KB )   ( 43 ) To reveal the formation law of aroma components and improve the aroma quality of winter flue-cured tobacco, SDE (simultaneous distillation extraction)-GC/MSD gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the aroma components and relative contents of flue-cured tobacco leaves in four different transplanting periods under the same cultivation and preliminary test condition in the same production area. The results showed that: the total amount of aroma components was in good agreement with the sensory evaluation results, which might play a basic role in the overall aroma quality of winter tobacco; the content of neophytadiene in K3 treatment (transplanting on January 15 next year) was significantly higher than that in the other three treatments, and the smoking evaluation quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves was better, indicating that the neophytadiene content might play a leading role in the overall aroma quality of winter tobacco; the content of damascus in carotenoid degradation products was higher than that in the other three treatments, among them, ketone, geranyl acetone, 3-hydroxydamascene and linalool; solanone in cedarane like aroma compounds; furfural, 2,3-dihydrofuran, 5-methyl-2-furfural, 3-methyl-2 -(5H) - furanone and 2,3-dihydrofuran in Maillard reaction products, 3-dihydrobenzofuran; benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, phenylacetaldehyde, phenylethanol and indole in the degradation products of phenylalanine; 2-acetylfuran, durene, methyl palmitate, geranyl geranyl pyrophosphate, palmitic acid, etc. in other aroma compounds may be important components affecting the aroma quality of flue-cured winter tobacco leaves. This study could provide a scientific basis for optimizing winter tobacco cultivation technology, improving the aroma quality of winter tobacco leaves and the usability of upper leaves.

  The Stand Growth and Structure of Betula luminifera Natural Forest: Response to the Thinning Intensity Tan Tianyu, Wu Lili, Wang Delu 2021, 37 (22):  35-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0652 Abstract + ( 252 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1476KB )   ( 28 ) Aiming at the problems of weak tending management technology and low stand productivity of natural secondary forest of Betula luminifera, the experiments of tending and thinning at different intensities were carried out to master the influence of tending and thinning on the stand growth. Four thinning intensities: 0% (CK), 10%, 20% and 30% were set in the natural secondary forest of Betula luminifera. The influence of different thinning intensities on the stand structure such as average DBH, tree height, individual plant volume, accumulation and other stand growth, diameter distribution characteristics and spatial dominance were analyzed. The results show that: (1) when the thinning intensity is less than or equal to 30%, the average diameter at breast height, tree height, and the volume and accumulation of individual plant growth of B. luminifera forest increased with the increase of thinning intensity, among them, 30% intensity thinning has the most significant effect on stand growth, and the increase is 133.0%, 67.6%, 67.3%, and 89.5%, respectively, compared with those of CK; (2) thinning is beneficial to the growth of trees into large diameter, with the increase of thinning intensity, the proportion of trees with DBH of 4-10 cm in thinning stands of the 3 intensities is lower than that of CK stand by 2.46, 8.19, and 13.69 percentage points; thinning significantly improves the spatial dominance of stand, and the highest intensity of thinning at 30% is 0.366. In the management process of B. luminifera secondary forest, based on improving stand structure and promoting stand growth, it is suggested that 30% thinning intensity is the best for B. luminifera secondary forest with an average age of 13 years and a tree density of 2500-2900 plants/hm2.

  A Study on the Difference of Wood Tissue Proportion of Eucalyptus Clones Lu Cuixiang, Su Yuanyu, Guo Dongqiang, Li Changrong, Sun Xi, Li Jianfan, Chen Jianbo 2021, 37 (22):  42-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0548 Abstract + ( 282 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1337KB )   ( 79 ) The difference of wood tissue proportion of eucalyptus clones was studied to improve the efficiency of genetic improvement of wood properties. 11 clones from Guangxi Province were chosen as sampling materials, the vessel proportion, axial parenchyma proportion, ray proportion, fiber proportion were measured by biological anatomy methods. The results show that there are significant differences in the vessel proportion, axial parenchyma proportion, ray proportion, and fiber proportion among the clones. The vessel proportion increases with the increase of tree age and then decreases slightly at the 5th year. The axial parenchyma proportion decreases rapidly at first, rises rapidly after the 7th year, and then decreases again. The ray proportion increases annually and the fiber proportion decreases with the increase of tree age. The vessel proportion, axial parenchyma proportion, and ray proportion are well fitted by polynomial equation (R2=0.8655, 0.7263, 0.6130). The fiber proportion is well fitted by logarithmic equation and power equation (R2=0.8172, 0.8154). The tissue proportion of eucalyptus clones is under strong genetic control, and the repeatability of each index is above 0.90. It is feasible to carry out genetic improvement of clone tissue proportion.

  Correlation Analysis of Fruit Quality of ‘Fuji’ Apple and Altitude Duan Pengwei, Ma Xiaojian, Shi Haiqiang, Du Jizhuang, Qin Lizhe, Xu Guoliang, Yang Sumiao 2021, 37 (22):  49-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0329 Abstract + ( 378 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1422KB )   ( 48 ) Using ‘Fuji’ apples from 44 orchards in Hebei Province as test materials, the correlation of fruit quality of ‘Fuji’ apples and cultivation altitude was studied using sampling, measurement and correlation analysis at maturity. The average altitude of apple orchards in Hebei Province was 247.77 m. In terms of fruit appearance quality, single fruit weight was significantly and negatively correlated with altitude (r=-0.33, P<0.05). The coloring index was extremely significantly and positively correlated with altitude (r=0.43, P<0.01), and the fruit splitting index was highly significantly and negatively correlated with altitude (r=-0.64, P<0.01). In terms of fruit quality, the soluble solid content of the fruit was significantly and positively correlated with altitude (r=0.37, P<0.05). Hardness, titratable acid content and solid acid ratio were not significantly correlated with altitude. In terms of fruit texture characteristics, the adhesiveness was significantly and negatively correlated with altitude (r=-0.30, P<0.05). The cohesiveness was significantly and positively correlated with altitude (r=0.34, P<0.05). The fracture ability and gumminess were significantly and positively correlated with altitude (r=0.30, P<0.05). The chew ability was significantly and positively correlated with altitude (r=0.32, P<0.05). The springiness was not significantly correlated with altitude. When altitude is below 700 m, higher altitude can significantly improve the appearance quality and soluble solids’ content of fruits, and the altitude has a significant correlation with the fruit texture characteristics.

  Influence of Canopy Film-covering on Photosynthesis and Fruit Quality of Citrus reticulata ‘Shiyueju’ Fan Qijun, Chen Chuanwu, Liu Ping, Niu Ying, Tang Yan, Deng Chongling 2021, 37 (22):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0478 Abstract + ( 394 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1419KB )   ( 39 ) To study the influence of the canopy film-covering on canopy environment, photosynthesis and fruit quality in Citrus reticulata ‘Shiyueju’, the temperature, humidity, and light intensity in the canopy of both the trees with (treatment) or without (control) canopy film-covering were measured, as well as the leaf photosynthetic parameters including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular carbon dioxide and etc., likewise, the contents of total soluble solids(TSS), total sugar (TS), titratable acid (TA) and vitamin C (Vc) in fruits were also measured. Compared with the control, the light intensity and humidity was generally decreased in daytime under canopy film-covering and the decrease was from 36.36% to 63.64% and 5.25% to 7.56%, respectively; the monthly average temperature and diurnal temperature variation of the canopy film-covering trees were increased and the maximum increase was 1.21℃ and 3.88℃, respectively; the net photosynthetic rate of the trees with canopy film-covering was decreased and the maximum decrease was 45.95%; the canopy film-covering trees had a significant higher total soluble solids(TSS), total sugar (TS) and TS/TA and the increase was 7.81%, 23.46% and 4.87%, respectively. Canopy film-covering could maintain better fruit quality and prolong the harvest time of C. reticulata ‘Shiyueju’.

  The Effects of Fertilization Levels on Mineral Nutrition, Yield and Quality of Young Lemon Trees Du Yuxia, Liu Hangxiu, Li Jing, Li Jinxue, Li Danping, Cun Daize, Yang Hongxia 2021, 37 (22):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0536 Abstract + ( 391 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1380KB )   ( 37 ) This paper aims to study the effects of different fertilization levels on the nutrients’ content, yield and quality of fruits of young lemon trees by an experiment lasted three years, thus to screen the appropriate economic fertilization level for young lemon trees. By applying specific lemon sapling fertilizer of 0 (CK), 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 g to each plant per month, we explored the effects on mineral nutrient absorption, fruit yield and quality of trees under different rate of fertilizer application. The contents of mineral nutrients in leaves, fruits, peel and pulp were measured, and the yield and fruit quality of each plant were counted every year. The results showed that fertilization could significantly increase the content of N, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe in leaves and fruits. With the increase of fertilizer application, the content of P and K decreased first and then increased, the content of Ca, Mg and Fe increased first and then decreased. The total yield of 3 years under different fertilization treatments was as follows: 40 g>20 g>10 g>80 g>0 g>160 g. The yield and quality of fruits were the best under 40 g treatment, its yield was 9.62 times that of control, and its edible rate, juice yield, TSS, vitamin C and decidable acid increased by 26.97%, 7.37%, 38.21%, 21.57% and 39.38%, respectively. Considering the nutrient, fruit yield and quality, it is recommended to apply 40 g of special fertilizer to young lemon trees every month.

  Investigation and Analysis of Wild Medicinal Plant Resources in Huachuan County, Heilongjiang Province Gu Xiaolin, Wang Yiran, Wei Liuzhong, Sun Yan 2021, 37 (22):  69-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0143 Abstract + ( 278 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1672KB )   ( 47 ) To understand the utilization status of medicinal plant resources in Huachuan County, the medicinal plant resources in Huachuan were analyzed by the methods of field sample plot investigation, sample line investigation and office work arrangement. The results show that: there are 316 species of wild medicinal plants in Huachuan County, belonging to 77 families and 215 genera, including 46 species of national key investigation species. At the level of family and genus, single-species and few species family and single-species and few species genus are dominant. The life forms of plants are mainly perennial herbs, accounting for 64.56% of the total species. The geographical elements of the genus are mainly temperate distribution and its forms. The reserve of key investigation varieties is 545122.5 kg. The proportion of whole grass, root and rhizome plants are the highest, and heat clearing drugs are the main ones. Through the survey, we find out the general situation of medicinal plant resources in Huachuan County, which could provide a basis for the development and utilization of local wild medicinal plant resources.

  Effects of Jiaosu on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Crop Growth in Tropical Region Fan Heling, Wang Haochen, Chen Weiyi, Lu Jianming, Sun Xuebing, Zhu Qing, Li Changjiang, Zhang Rongping 2021, 37 (22):  76-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0564 Abstract + ( 362 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1466KB )   ( 29 ) To explore the effects of Jiaosu compost and liquid fertilizer on the regulation of soil physical and chemical properties, and crop growth in tropical region, a series of pot and field experiments were carried out in Hainan to study the effects of Jiaosu compost materials, application amount, biofertilizer types, Jiaosu solution and their materials on pepper and cucumber. The results show that (1) the soil organic matter under treatments with Jiaosu could reach 2.55%-3.87%, increase the content of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH and field water capacity, and reduce the bulk density, meanwhile, the peanut straw treatment is the best composting material, and the more application amount of the peanut straw is better; (2) the fruit weight under Jiaosu treatment could be increased by 53%-92% compared with the traditional treatment, the Vc content of fruit under Jiaosu treatment is 1.12 times as much as that of the traditional fertilization treatment, and the economic coefficient under Jiaosu compost treatment is over 48%, 8%-28% higher than that of the traditional fertilization treatment; compared with Hainan bio-fertilizer, the fruit weight under Jiaosu compost treatment could be increased by 24% and the Jiaosu solution increases fruit weight by 20%-38% of cucumber; (3) Jiaosu compost and liquid fertilizer treatment could significantly increase defense enzyme activity of plants and decrease withering rate and withering index of pepper under drought and cold injury compared with chemical fertilizer treatment, and reduce pest index significantly of cucumber. So the study reveals that Jiaosu compost and liquid fertilizer could not only improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, but also obtain better quality, high yield, high resistance, safe and ecological production of tropical crops, which is benefit to the sustainable development of modern green agriculture in tropical areas.

  Current Situation and Distribution Characteristics of Soil Nutrients in Cultivated Land of Motuo County Yang Shuang 2021, 37 (22):  84-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0636 Abstract + ( 478 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 2600KB )   ( 40 ) Soil nutrient contents, including soil organic matter (SOM), alkaline nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) and their distribution characteristics, were studied by using the relevant survey data of farmland soil testing and formulated fertilization in 2017 in Motuo County with geostatistical methods. The results show that the average content of SOM, AN, AP and AK is 89.18 g/kg, 201.25 mg/kg, 11.23 mg/kg and 313.17 mg/kg, respectively; 90% soil samples are rich in SOM, the soil proportion of AN content at abundant and slightly abundant level is 83%, AP content at middle to lower level soil is 84%, and AK content at medium and below medium level is 46%. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the contents of SOM and AK are high in the west and low in the east, the AN content increases gradually from north to south, while AP has no remarkable change. Overall, the cultivated soil in Motuo County of Tibet is rich in organic matter and alkaline N, but the soil phosphorus and potassium content are generally low. Therefore, each township of the county must improve soil fertility by adjusting measures to local conditions.

  Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Cultivated Land Fragmentation in Loess Hilly Region: A Case Study of Heshun County in Shanxi Province Liu Liwen, Duan Yonghong, Xu Lishuai, Yuan Xiaomei 2021, 37 (22):  90-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0575 Abstract + ( 335 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1483KB )   ( 41 ) The fragmentation of cultivated land is the main problem in realizing large-scale management of agriculture in China. Based on the data of rural contracted land management right in Heshun County, this paper used landscape pattern software to obtain three indexes: patch area index (PAI), patch shape index (PSI) and patch density index (PDI), to measure the degree of cultivated land fragmentation. Beside, GIS spatial analysis and regression analysis were used to study the fragmentation of cultivated land and its influencing factors. The results demonstrated that: (1) patch area index (PAI), patch shape index (PSI) and patch density index (PDI) had the same spatial distribution characteristics, namely, the fragmentation of cultivated land in eastern, western and central regions showed a downward trend in turn; (2) the cultivated land fragmentation showed spatial aggregation, in the local spatial autocorrelation analysis, L-L type was concentrated around the central county seat; (3) in view of the influencing factors, the per capita cultivated land area had a significant effect on the patch area index and patch density index, while the slope and homestead rate had a negative effect on the patch area index and the patch density index, and the labor force ratio and per capita cultivated land area had a negative effect on the shape index. This research can provide scientific reference for improving the utilization rate of regional cultivated land and realizing agricultural scale management.

  Monthly Changes of Main Biochemical Components in Camellia sinensis ‘Zhonghuang 3’ and Their Relationship with Meteorological Factors Liu Shengchuan, Wei Jie, Yang Yaqi, Lin Kaiqin, Chen Zhixiong, Xu Lin, He Guoju, Yan Donghai 2021, 37 (22):  97-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0186 Abstract + ( 381 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 65 ) The aim of this study is to explore the change characteristics of the main biochemical components of albino tea plant (Camellia sinensis ‘Zhonghuang 3’) (‘ZH3’) in different months and their relationship with the main meteorological factors. The evergreen strain ‘Taicha 15’ (‘TC15’) was used as a control. We determined and analyzed the content of the main biochemical components in the two germplasms sampled in five different months of 2019. The data of the half-month mean temperature before sampling (HMMTBS), half-monthly mean precipitation before sampling (HMMPBS) and half-monthly mean relative humidity before sampling (HMMRHBS) were collected from the tested areas. The changes of the main biochemical components in the two germplasms and their correlation with three meteorological factors were observed. Water extracts and caffeine contents of the two germplasms were close in each month. The caffeine content was stable in ‘ZH3’, while had a significant difference in ‘TC15’. The tea polyphenols content in ‘ZH3’ and ‘TC15’ was July> October> August> May> April and July> May> October> August> April, respectively. The free amino acids content of ‘ZH3’ and ‘TC15’ was April> May> August> October> July and April> May> August> July> October, respectively. Tea polyphenols content of ‘ZH3’ was lower than that of ‘TC15’, while the free amino acids content of ‘ZH3’ was higher than that of ‘TC15’ in each month. The range of free amino acids and tea polyphenols contents in ‘ZH3’ was 2.6%-7.2% and 9.2%-23.2%, respectively, which was much higher than those of ‘TC15’ (2.2%-3.8%, 14.7%-25.4%). The water extracts and caffeine content of the two germplasms had no significant correlations with three meteorological factors. The correlation coefficient r of free amino acids content in ‘ZH3’ with HMMTBS, HMMPBS, HMMRHBS was -0.71(P<0.01), -0.69(P<0.01), -0.86(P<0.01), respectively, while that in ‘TC15’ was only significantly and negatively correlated with HMMRHBS (r=-0.74, P<0.01). By means of canonical correlation analysis, the three meteorological factors had less impact on water extracts and caffeine content in the two germplasms, and had little influence on the tea polyphenols content in ‘TC15’. The tea polyphenols to free amino acids in ‘ZH3’ and ‘TC15’ was mostly affected by HMMRHBS and HMMPBS, respectively. The free amino acids and tea polyphenols content in ‘ZH3’ was mainly affected by HMMTBS and HMMPBS, while the influencing degree of HMMTBS was greater. Similar results were observed for free amino acids content in ‘TC15’.

  Study on the Pure Insurance Premium Rate of Pepper Waterlogging Disaster in Guizhou Province Yu Fei, Hu Jiamin, Yuan Qisong, Yuan Shujie 2021, 37 (22):  104-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0570 Abstract + ( 355 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 2361KB )   ( 53 ) To promote the development of Guizhou pepper waterlogging disaster meteorological index insurance business and reduce the risk of economic losses caused by waterlogging, according to the waterlogging grade standard developed in this paper, the precipitation data of 84 national meteorological stations in Guizhou Province of 30 years were processed, and the frequency of waterlogging disasters at all levels at each station and the pure insurance rate of each station were obtained. Using the Kriging difference to draw the frequency distribution map of waterlogging disasters at all levels and the distribution map of pure insurance premium rate, it can be clearly seen that the pepper planting areas greatly affected by waterlogging disasters are mainly concentrated in the southwest and parts of the south of Guizhou. The pepper-growing areas less affected by waterlogging are mainly in the west, north and eastern parts of Guizhou. The regions with higher pure insurance rate are mainly in the southwest and southeastern parts of Guizhou. When the deductibles are different, the pure insurance rate will have a big gap. Pepper waterlogging weather index insurance has a good development prospect in Guizhou, it can not only reduce the risk of farmers’ losses due to waterlogging, but also promote the continuous and stable growth of Guizhou’s pepper industry.

  Climatic Zoning of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Overwintering in Hedong of Gansu Wan Xin, Xu Yanping, Han Lanying, Yao Xiaohong, Jia Jianying 2021, 37 (22):  111-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0322 Abstract + ( 284 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1463KB )   ( 39 ) Taking the 7 d daily average temperature during the coldest period of winter as the main indicator and precipitation as the auxiliary indicator, the revised Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici overwintering meteorological index and geographic information system (GIS) were used to carry out overwintering climatic zoning of wheat area in eastern Gansu Province. The 6 main overwintering areas were southern Longnan, northern Longnan, Weihe River basin and Guanshan area, southern Longdong Loess Plateau, northern Qingyang City and southern Longzhong. The 7 d average temperature during the coldest winter period of 6 main overwintering areas was 0.6, -4.1, -6.5, -8.3, -9.0 and -9.8℃, respectively, which generally occur in the first and second ten-days period of January, and the lower limit of the altitude that could not be overwintered was respectively 2500, 2000, 1800, 1600, 1200 and 1800 m. Compared with the 1980s, the upper limit of the altitude rose 200-400 m in Longdong and most of Longnan, and extended west and north to the southern Longzhong below 1800 m and the northern Qingyang City below 1200 m. The easy overwintering areas were mainly distributed in the Bailong River basin below 2100 m in southern Longnan and eastern Gannan Prefecture, 1600 m in northern Longnan and 1400 m in Weihe River of Tianshui City. The overwintering area was between easy overwintering and non-overwintering, the largest area was the southern Longdong Loess Plateau, and the least areas were northern Qingyang City and southern Longzhong.

  Preliminary Report on the Control Effect of Three Kinds of Medicaments and Their Combination Against Powdery Mildew of Flos Lonicerae Zhai Yang, Liu Wu, Liu Bin, Tan Ruqing, Liu Shangshou, Wu Nianqing, Yang Meisen, Zeng Liangbin 2021, 37 (22):  116-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0346 Abstract + ( 415 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1233KB )   ( 34 ) Based on the efficacy, persistence and seedling safety of the pesticide, the drug application technology suitable for flos lonicerae powdery mildew was screened. The effects of 5% chitosan oligosaccharide water agent, 10% hexaconazole suspension, 50% sulfur suspension and their combination on powdery mildew of flos lonicerae were compared 7 days after the first application, and 7 days and 14 days after the second application. At 7 days after the first application, 7 days and 14 days after the second application, the incidence and disease index of powdery mildew treated with different agents were significantly lower than those treated with water. The control effect was the best under the treatment of 5% chitosan oligosaccharide water agent+ 10% hexaconazole suspension, and reached 89.13% 14 days after the second application. The control effects of 50% sulfur suspension and 5% chitosan oligosaccharide water+ 50% sulfur suspension were relatively poor, but could still reach 81.71% and 80.80%, respectively. All the three agents and their compound combinations have a good control effect, and the dosage of hexaconazole could be reduced when the biological pesticide chitosan oligosaccharide is combined with hexaconazole, and the combination works the best.

  Study on the Quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum ‘Dahongpao’ from Wudu Huo Guiguo, Liang Tingyu, Shi Jinhan, Tian Wenjing, Huang Qunhui, Ma Qun, Chen Xuelin, Zhang Ji 2021, 37 (22):  120-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0589 Abstract + ( 362 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1491KB )   ( 37 ) To explore the quality advantages of Zanthoxylum bungeanum ‘Dahongpao’ in Wudu Gansu, the sensory characteristics of it were evaluated. The physical and chemical characteristics were analyzed by the determination of impurities, ash and metal elements. Through the determination and comparison of yield, composition and characteristic components of the volatile oil, the characteristics of the volatile oil were explored. The suitable growth conditions of Z. bungeanum ‘Dahongpao’ were discussed according to the geographical and climatic conditions of the producing area. The sensory characteristics of Z. bungeanum ‘Dahongpao’ are heavy in color and oil, full grain, pure numb flavor and rich aroma. The impurity, moisture and ash in Z. bungeanum ‘Dahongpao’ are (0.48±0.06), (4.87±0.09) and (4.56±0.24) g/100 g, respectively, and the contents are relatively low. The contents of zinc, iron and copper are (20.30±7.58), (18.34±12.64) and (7.25±3.87) mg/kg, respectively. The contents of harmful metals lead and cadmium are (0.18±0.03) mg/kg and (0.004±0.006) mg/kg, respectively, which are lower than the national standard. Z. bungeanum ‘Dahongpao’ is rich in volatile oil, with a yield of 6.09 g/100 g. There are 16 major chemical components, accounting for 93.67% of the total volatile oil content, including terpenes (69.99%), alcohols (17.92%) and esters (5.76%), among which D-limonene (25.69%), linalool (17.41%) and α-myrcene (10.45%) are the main characteristic components. The yield of volatile oil and the contents of linalool, α-myrcene and ocimene from Z. bungeanum ‘Dahongpao’ in Wudu are higher than those from neighboring producing areas such as Qin’an Gansu, Hanyuan Sichuan and Hancheng Shaanxi. Wudu has warm climate, adequate sunlight and moderate altitude, which are suitable for Z. bungeanum ‘Dahongpao’ cultivation and growth, the Z. bungeanum produced in Wudu is of high quality and unique flavor.

  Fruit Quality of Majia Pomelo and Pinghe Red Pomelo: A Comparison Study Zhang Li, Wang Ruiqing, Zhao Gang, Wang Aibin, Lin Guowei 2021, 37 (22):  126-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0088 Abstract + ( 446 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1358KB )   ( 32 ) Comprehensive analysis of the quality characteristics of Guangfeng Majia pomelo was conducted to provide a basis for its brand promotion and fruit deep processing. Using Pinghe red pomelo as control, various parameters on appearance, flavor, nutritional and sensory quality of Majia pomelo were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the single fruit weight and lateral diameter of Majia pomelo were 59.0% and 32.0% higher than those of Pinghe red pomelo, respectively. The juice yield rate of the pulp of Majia pomelo was significantly higher than that of Pinghe red pomelo, which was 80.95%. Majia pomelo is a high-sweet, low-acid fruit, its content of glucose and fructose were 78.8% and 42.9% higher than those of Pinghe red pomelo, respectively, but the difference of sucrose and total sugar content was not obvious. The titratable acid content and citric acid content of Majia pomelo were significantly lower than those of Pinghe red pomelo, while the solid-acid ratio was significantly higher. The vitamin C and carotenoids of Majia pomelo pulp were 1.55 and 1.70 times that of Pinghe red pomelo. Among the mineral elements, calcium content of Majia pomelo was higher than that of Pinghe red pomelo, and there was no obvious difference in other elements. Sensory analysis revealed no significant difference between the two cultivars, except that the taste of Majia pomelo was bitterer. It is concluded that the flesh of the Majia pomelo is juicy and tastes sweet after bitterness, and it is rich in vitamin C and carotenoids, and its free sugars are mainly monosaccharides. Therefore, Majia pomelo has great promotion potential.

  Evaluation of Temporal and Spatial Differences of Flue-cured Tobacco Chemical Composition Usability in Sichuan Province Based on Comprehensive Weighting Method Wang Xuan, Bian Jianfeng, Yang Minfeng, Du Weimin, Liu Yang, Guo Shiping, Li Bin, Liu Gangcai 2021, 37 (22):  131-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0411 Abstract + ( 300 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1480KB )   ( 36 ) To analyze the temporal and spatial variations of tobacco chemical composition usability in Sichuan Province, a new comprehensive evaluation system was established to calculate the usability index of tobacco chemical components. Taking the chemical indexes of 316 samples of ‘Yunyan 87’ upper leaves from five regions of Sichuan from 2010 to 2015 and from 2017 to 2018 as data sets, the chemical indexes were reassigned by membership function. Then, each index is reweighed by subjective, principal component, coefficient of variation and comprehensive weighting method, to evaluate the usability of tobacco chemical components. The results showed that: (1) except potassium and the ratio of potassium to chlorine, most other indexes were strongly correlated with each other; (2) the contents of reducing sugar and total nicotine of tobacco leaves in Sichuan were higher than standard contents, while the content of nitrogen and the ratio of nitrogen to alkali were lower; the proportion of reducing sugar content in the optimal range was small, but the total nitrogen, nitrogen alkali ratio, potassium and potassium chloride ratio performed well; on the whole, the coordination of chemical components of tobacco in Sichuan was good; (3) the usability index of tobacco chemical components in 2010 and 2017 was significantly lower than that in other years (P<0.05); (4) the usability index of tobacco chemical components in Liangshan and Panzhihua were significantly higher than that in Yibin, and that of Liangshan was more stable; (5) compared with the single weighting method, the comprehensive weighting method reduced the comprehensive score, but increased the difference between samples. The correlation analysis shows that the combination weighting-based comprehensive evaluation method is more reliable. The chemical components of upper leaves of ‘Yunyan 87’ in Sichuan Province perform well, and the spatial and temporal variations are significant. The comprehensive weighting method could increase the variation of chemical composition usability index among samples, so it is more reliable to evaluate the chemical composition characteristics of tobacco in Sichuan Province.

  Research Status of Crop Canopy Height Based on Laser Ranging in Xing’an League of Inner Mongolia Gao Lei, Gao Chunxiang, Yang Yuhui 2021, 37 (22):  139-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0803 Abstract + ( 236 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1329KB )   ( 27 ) In Xingan League, a large agricultural area of Inner Mongolia, crop observation is an indispensable part in agricultural production, and crop canopy height is an important parameter in crop growth observation. Mastering the change of crop canopy height can understand the development progress and growth situation of crops, which is of great significance to analyze crop growth status, carry out crop yield prediction, guide agricultural activities, and ensure food security. This paper mainly introduced the research status of crop canopy height in Xingan League of Inner Mongolia, especially the research progress of crop canopy height based on laser ranging technology. The automatic measurement results of crop canopy in Tuquan County of Xingan League in 2018 and 2019 were compared with the manual observation results, which verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the crop canopy height based on laser ranging technology in this region.

  Modeling Method of Cotton Leaves SPAD at Flowering and Boll Stage in North China Plain Based on UAV Multi-Spectrum Ji Weishuai, Chen Hongyan, Wang Shuting, Zhang Yuting 2021, 37 (22):  143-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0683 Abstract + ( 348 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1909KB )   ( 107 ) SPAD spectral characteristics of cotton leaves in North China Plain need to be ascertained, and the most suitable modeling method is yet to be studied. Aiming at the cotton area of North China Plain and based on unmanned drone multi-spectrum, this paper explored SPAD spectral characteristics of cotton leaves and the best modeling method. Focusing on the cotton area of North China Plain in the Yellow River Basin, we took Dali village cotton area of Xiajin County, Dezhou City as research area, used unmanned drone to obtain multispectral images at flowering and boll stage, and simultaneously determined SPAD value of cotton leaves. In this paper, the original spectrum was preprocessed and combined to construct the spectral index, and then 6 cotton SPAD characteristic spectral indexes were screened out by correlation analysis. BP neural network (BPNN), multiple stepwise regression (MSR) and support vector machine (SVM) methods were used respectively to construct quantitative analysis model of SPAD value of cotton, and verified, compared and optimized the best model and modeling method, and then quantitatively analyzed the spatial distribution of cotton leaf SPAD in the research area. The results show that: the characteristic bands of cotton leaf SPAD are red band and red edge band. The characteristic spectral index of the selected model are r, r*reg, (reg-r)/(reg+r), r-g, r/g and. $\sqrt{r^{2}+g^{2}}$ Compared the three modeling methods, BPNN model has the highest accuracy. Its modeling set R2 and RMSE are 0.747 and 4.568, respectively, and its verification set R2, RMSE and RPD are 0.758, 4.142 and 2.135, respectively, and the model is determined as the best one of cotton leaf SPAD. Based on BP neural network model, the spatial distribution of cotton leaf SPAD is inverted, and the inversion value is highly consistent with the measured value, and the fitting result is good. BP neural network could be used as a preferred method for SPAD modeling of cotton leaves of North China Plain based on unmanned drone multi-spectrum. This research could promote quantitative remote sensing of cotton field and monitoring of cotton growth.

  Competitiveness Analysis and Sustainable Development Strategy of Kiwifruit Industry in Sichuan Province Zhao Jian, Guo Yaohui, Wang Senpei, Lin Zhengyu 2021, 37 (22):  151-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0752 Abstract + ( 325 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1400KB )   ( 66 ) The kiwifruit industry is one of the advantageous characteristic industries in Sichuan Province. Under the new situation, kiwifruit industry faces many problems and challenges, including blind expansion of industry, structural surplus of products and international trade barriers. Using the comprehensive advantage comparison model, we analyzed the efficiency advantage index (EAI), scale advantage index (SAI) and comprehensive comparative advantage index (AAI) of main kiwifruit producing provinces of Sichuan, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei and Henan. The results showed that, in recent years, the average values of EAI, SAI and AAI of kiwifruit in Sichuan Province were 0.88, 3.32 and 1.67 respectively, and these indicators all showed an upward trend. Then, we adopted AHP-SWOT model to analyze the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges of kiwifruit industry in Sichuan Province, and the influence of each factor on strategic choice ranked from strong to weak as red meat variety advantage, industrial scale advantage, domestic and foreign consumption space, and Sino-Singapore joint experiment (the construction of kiwifruit ‘room’ is conducive to the internationalization of kiwifruit), rich germplasm resources, diversification and networking of consumption, structural overcapacity of kiwifruit, the impact of canker, weak international competitiveness of products, blind expansion, weak processing and brand marketing. To construct industrial development strategy quadrilateral, strategic type orientation variable is tanθ=0.3281, therefore, the strategy of ‘opening up the strength orientation of strategic zone’ should be implemented. Suggestions are proposed for the kiwifruit industry development in Sichuan, including defining the appropriate scope of the industry, highlighting local characteristics, strengthening the collaborative innovation of science and technology, enhancing international competitiveness, optimizing the industrial structure, and actively preventing and controlling ulcer disease.

  The Planting Intention and Influencing Factors of Tobacco Farmers in Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province Luo Feng, Fan Dan, Pan Xingbing 2021, 37 (22):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0854 Abstract + ( 343 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1316KB )   ( 53 ) To stabilize the tobacco farmers’ team, guide the high-quality production of tobacco and promote the sustainable development of tobacco industry, the willingness of farmers to grow tobacco and its influencing factors were analyzed by using the two-factor Logistic model and the survey data of 242 tobacco farmers in three main flue-cured tobacco producing areas in Panzhihua City. The results show that the age of household head and the experience of participating in agricultural professional knowledge training have a positive and significant effect on tobacco farmers’ planting willingness, while whether farmers have concurrent employment, household size and income of non-tobacco crops have a negative and significant effect on tobacco farmers' planting willingness. It is suggested to strengthen the professional knowledge training, guide the specialized production of tobacco and optimize the rural agricultural population structure, which will be beneficial to positively motivating the enthusiasm of tobacco farmers in production, and then achieve the effect of continuous increase of farmers’ income and steady development of regional agriculture through planting cash crops.