Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Yield, Water and Heat Effect of Dry Land Maize in Eastern Qinghai

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0687

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the effect of plastic film mulching on soil water and heat effect and yield of dry land spring maize, this study compared the whole film mulching cultivation with traditional open field cultivation in Minhe County of Haidong, Qinghai Province, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the sustainability of plastic film mulching cultivation of local dry land maize. The results show that: the application of plastic film mulching technology to spring maize cultivation could significantly increase the soil water storage (0-20 cm), which is 13.9% higher than that of non-film treatment, so the topsoil could keep moist during the growth period. Compared with the treatment without plastic film, the water use efficiency of maize is increased by 9.53 kg/(mm·hm²), which is 48.1% more. During the whole growth period, the average soil temperature of plastic film mulching treatment is 4.9℃ higher than that of non-mulching treatment. The warming effect of plastic film mulching is mainly observed in the early growth stage of maize, and the warming effect of film mulching treatment on soil temperature of plough layer gradually decreases with the development period. Plastic film mulching could significantly improve the economic traits of maize, such as 100 grain weight and ear grain weight,compared with the non-film treatment, the yield is increased by 50.6%. Plastic film mulching could improve the water and heat status of shallow soil and promote the yield of maize. At the same time, the plastic film mulching cultivation technology has the risk of aggravating the consumption of deep soil water by maize, and with the increase of planting years, it might have adverse effects on the annual balance of soil water. Therefore, how to effectively regulate and control the soil water status under mulching cultivation mode in arid areas still needs further research.

Key words: eastern Qinghai, plastic film mulching, open cultivation, dry land maize, yield, water and heat effect

CLC Number:

S157.4

Liu Yingchuan, Yang Kai, Wang Jingui. Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Yield, Water and Heat Effect of Dry Land Maize in Eastern Qinghai[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(22): 17-21.

Figures/Tables 4

References 25

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处理	百粒重/g	穗粒重/g	株高/cm	地上生物量/g	地下生物量/g	籽粒产量/(kg/hm²)	较无膜处理增产
处理	百粒重/g	穗粒重/g	株高/cm	地上生物量/g	地下生物量/g	籽粒产量/(kg/hm²)	产量/(kg/hm²)	百分比/%
覆膜	27.1	253.7	317.5	175.2	25.2	13188.4	4429.3^**	50.6
无膜	23.2	168.5	283.1	167.5	20.6	8759.1

处理	百粒重/g	穗粒重/g	株高/cm	地上生物量/g	地下生物量/g	籽粒产量/(kg/hm²)	较无膜处理增产
处理	百粒重/g	穗粒重/g	株高/cm	地上生物量/g	地下生物量/g	籽粒产量/(kg/hm²)	产量/(kg/hm²)	百分比/%
覆膜	27.1	253.7	317.5	175.2	25.2	13188.4	4429.3^**	50.6
无膜	23.2	168.5	283.1	167.5	20.6	8759.1

土层深度/cm	无膜含水量/%	覆膜含水量/%	较无膜处理增加/%
0~10	17.1±4.0a	20.3±2.0a	3.2^*
10~20	18.2±3.6a	19.9±2.1a	1.7
20~30	18.0±3.6a	19.3±3.0ab	1.3
30~40	17.6±4.8a	18.3±2.1ab	0.7
40~50	16.4±4.4a	16.8±4.8b	0.4
土壤深度/cm	无膜贮水量/mm	覆膜贮水量/mm	较无膜处理增加
土壤深度/cm	无膜贮水量/mm	覆膜贮水量/mm	增加量/mm	百分比/%
0~20	49.4±9.2	56.3±5.1	6.9^*	13.9
20~50	67.5±14.6	70.6±10.7	3.1	4.6

土层深度/cm	无膜含水量/%	覆膜含水量/%	较无膜处理增加/%
0~10	17.1±4.0a	20.3±2.0a	3.2^*
10~20	18.2±3.6a	19.9±2.1a	1.7
20~30	18.0±3.6a	19.3±3.0ab	1.3
30~40	17.6±4.8a	18.3±2.1ab	0.7
40~50	16.4±4.4a	16.8±4.8b	0.4
土壤深度/cm	无膜贮水量/mm	覆膜贮水量/mm	较无膜处理增加
土壤深度/cm	无膜贮水量/mm	覆膜贮水量/mm	增加量/mm	百分比/%
0~20	49.4±9.2	56.3±5.1	6.9^*	13.9
20~50	67.5±14.6	70.6±10.7	3.1	4.6

处理	播前0~50 cm 土层储水量/mm	生育期降雨/ mm	收获后0~50 cm 土层储水/mm	耗水量/ mm	水分利用效率/ [kg/(mm·hm²)]	较对照增加
处理	播前0~50 cm 土层储水量/mm	生育期降雨/ mm	收获后0~50 cm 土层储水/mm	耗水量/ mm	水分利用效率/ [kg/(mm·hm²)]	增加量/[kg/(mm·hm²)]	百分比/%
覆膜	147.4	419.6	117.5	449.5	29.34	9.53^**	48.1
无膜	147.4	419.6	124.8	442.2	19.81