Current issue

• 2022 Vol.38 No.2 Published:15 January 2022

  Sugar Beet Soil Microorganisms Under Continuous Cropping Mode: Research Progress CUI Rufei, LI Tai, WANG Yuguang 2022, 38 (2):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0421 Abstract + ( 197 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1344KB )   ( 52 ) To reveal the response mechanism of soil microorganisms under continuous sugar beet cropping, the authors analyzed the research progress of soil microbial community and rhizosphere micro-ecology under sugar beet continuous cropping, probed into the evolution law of soil microbial community changes, elaborated the action mechanism of soil microorganisms and rhizosphere micro-ecology under continuous cropping, and discussed the future research directions. It is pointed out that the interaction between sugar beet and microorganisms under continuous cropping is a complex process, which is affected by multiple factors and closely related to the micro-ecological environment in the rhizosphere. Under the continuous cropping condition, the micro-ecological environment of sugar beet rhizosphere changes from bacterial type to fungal type, which seriously restricts the growth, development, yield and quality of sugar beet, causing economic losses. It is suggested that in the future research, efforts should be made to study the effects of rhizosphere microorganisms and soil micro-ecology on continuous cropping of sugar beet. The obstacle mechanism of sugar beet continuous cropping should be explored by comprehensive analysis of molecular biology technology to develop new microbial agents and soil improving agents, thus providing an effective improvement scheme for sugar beet planting industry.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of the Quality of 13 Peanut Varieties by Membership Function Method HAN Yanhong, YU Mu, SHI Yanzhao, YANG Haitang, HU Yanling, LIU Ruanzhi, LI Pan, ZHU Zhenzhen 2022, 38 (2):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0979 Abstract + ( 247 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1264KB )   ( 52 ) In order to choose the new peanut varieties with high quality, good commodity and high yield, which could meet the production needs of the northern areas in China, 5 main quality indexes of 13 peanut varieties in small grain group in 2017 multipoint test of new peanut varieties in north China were analyzed by using the method of membership function. The results showed that there were 4 peanut varieties, including ‘Zheng Nong Hua 23’, ‘Yu Hua 16’, ‘Ji Nong G94’ and ‘Ji 5059’, whose membership function value was higher than that of the CK ‘Huayu 20’. The comprehensive quality of the 4 varieties was relatively good, indicating that the varieties were suitable for planting in north China. The oleic acid content of ‘Zheng Nong Hua 23’ and ‘Ji Nong G94’ were more than 70%, and the two varieties could be used as high quality and high oleic acid germplasm resources.

  β-glucan Content in Naked Barley: Research Progress of the Difference and Influencing Factor SHI Xiaoxu, HAN Xiao, LIU Haicui, LI Ying, SHI Lv, XUE Yaguang, WEI Yafeng, YANG Meiying, LIU Jian 2022, 38 (2):  12-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0259 Abstract + ( 217 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 23 ) Naked barley, which has rich dietary fiber, high β-glucan content and strong health care effect, is an important functional agricultural product. In order to understand comprehensively the difference of naked barley β-glucan content and its influencing factors in different areas, we sorted and summarized the row type, grain color and β-glucan content of naked barley in 7 different provinces, and analyzed the influence of climate, genetic breeding and cultivation measures on naked barley β-glucan content. Answering the questions such as insufficient effective genes are related to naked barley β-glucan synthesis and the climate and cultural techniques have obvious influence on naked barley β-glucan, the following solutions are proposed: (1) to provide molecular basis for nutrition breeding of naked barley, we should locate and screen relevant sites and candidate genes by genome-wide association analysis, dig and utilize key or dominant genes which are related to naked barley β-glucan synthesis; (2) to alleviate the impact of adverse growth environment in the actual production, we should select the naked barley varieties which have high yield and high β-glucan content to process, and adopt appropriate cultivation measures according to the local climatic conditions. To promote the development of healthy agriculture, the molecular breeding and suitable cultivation practices of naked barley are conducive to improving its growth adaptability and stabilize its β-glucan content, and guarantee high-quality raw materials for agricultural products.

  Effects of Irrigation System on Leaf Water Status and Water Use Efficiency of Melon/Sunflower Intercropping System LIU Bin, WEI Hui, KOU Yanyan, CHEN Nianlai, XIE Jianming 2022, 38 (2):  19-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0413 Abstract + ( 212 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1379KB )   ( 30 ) To optimize the water-saving irrigation technology of melon/sunflower intercropping mode, and improve irrigation water use efficiency in the oasis area, a field experiment comprising monoculture and intercropping of two crops (melon and sunflower) was conducted under nine irrigation systems to study the leaf water status and water use efficiency. The results showed that the water efficiency of the intercropping system was significantly higher than that of the melon and sunflower monoculture, increasing by 30.3% and 107.8%, respectively. Intercropping significantly increased the water saturation deficit of melon leaves at maturity stage and had no significant effect on relative water content, but reduced the relative water content and water saturation deficit of sunflower leaves at flowering and maturity stages. Under different irrigation times of intercropping, 8 times of irrigation and 9 times of irrigation were beneficial to improving the water use efficiency of the intercropping system. Under different irrigation quotas, the water use efficiency of the irrigation quota of 225 m3/hm2 was significantly higher than that of 450 m3/hm2 and 300 m3/hm2 under the 8-time and 9-time treatments with an increase of 47.8 % and 21.4% and 37.6% and 31.0%, respectively. Under different intercropping irrigation times, 7 times irrigation was helpful to increasing the relative water content of melon leaves at maturity stage, and 8 times irrigation was helpful to increasing the water saturation deficit of both melon leaves and sunflower leaves at maturity stage, while the intercropping irrigation times had no significant effect on relative water content. Under different irrigation quotas for intercropping, the irrigation quota of 225 m3/hm2 was beneficial to increasing the relative water content and water saturation deficit of melon leaves and relative water content of sunflower leaves, but the irrigation quota had no significant effect on sunflower leaf water saturation deficit. Under the melon/sunflower intercropping system in the Hexi oasis region, the more suitable irrigation system is to irrigate 8 times during the whole growth period with the water quota of 225 m3/hm2.

  Effect of Chemicals on Morphology and Physiology of Cone of Platanus acerifolia YANG Ruiqing, LIANG Jing, SHI Kaifeng, SHEN Qingyun, ZHAO Yun, SHI Yang, YAN Wei 2022, 38 (2):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0636 Abstract + ( 190 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1287KB )   ( 29 ) Platanus acerifolia, a roadside tree on both sides of Julu road in Jing’an District and Huangyang road in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, was selected as the research object. The effect of six chemicals, included ED, tiaofuranate (USA), Hangzhou fruit control agent, Guoguang Xubizhi, Feixu inhibitor and Hechang, on the chemical regulation of cones of Platanus acerifolia were studied, which could provide theoretical and technical support for the prevention and control of P. acerifolia cone hairs. The results showed that the water content of P. acerifolia cones decreased after chemical treatment, the content of soluble sugar increased, and the activity of SOD and POD increased. The chemical agents could lead to light leaf color of Platanus acerifolia. The normal metabolism of cones was affected, and the transformation of carbohydrate was blocked, resulting in the accumulation of soluble sugar. The water content of cones decreased, indicating that the growth of the cones was inhibited and the cone hairs were reduced, thus the effect of controlling the hairs of the cones was achieved. Among the six chemical agents in this experiment, Hechang and ED agents had the best prevention and control effects.

  Construction of Carbon Sequestration Estimation Model of Mulberry Garden Based on Statistical Data—A Case Study of Sichuan Province WANG Xie, DENG Qing, ZHOU Jing, TANG Tian, HU Lizhi, LI Rui, ZHANG Jianhua 2022, 38 (2):  31-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0827 Abstract + ( 161 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1273KB )   ( 49 ) In view of the current lack of basic data of mulberry orchards limits the evaluation of carbon sequestration, this study proposed a mulberry garden carbon sequestration estimation model (MCSD) based on statistical data. MCSD was based on relatively complete statistical cocoon production data, and all mulberry orchards in Sichuan were assumed to feed silkworms with mulberry leaves. Taking the shrub model of the forest ecosystem carbon storage measurement guide (SMFC) as a control, this paper compared the difference between the MCSD model and the SMFC model in measuring the contribution of carbon sink of mulberry orchards in Sichuan Province from 2000 to 2018. The results showed that: (1) the average annual carbon density of aboveground part of mulberry in mulberry orchards was estimated to be 10.13 t/hm2, and the carbon reserve of Sichuan mulberry orchards in 2018 was 1.4239 million tons; (2) mulberry leaves and branches were the main sources of carbon sink in mulberry orchard, accounting for 44.44% and 26.65% of the total, respectively; (3) taking 2000 as the base year, MCSD model estimated that the cumulative carbon reserve of Sichuan mulberry orchards from 2000 to 2018 was 16.3625 million tons; (4) by 2018, the cumulative carbon sink contribution of mulberry leaves and mulberry branches accounted for 60.94% and 36.55% of the total, respectively; (5) the calculation result of the SMFC model was 10.73% lower than that of the MCSD model in this study, without considering the harvest year and yield of mulberry leaves, which could not fully reflect the cumulative carbon sink contribution of mulberry orchards. Mulberry carbon sink assessment is an indispensable part to achieve China’s goals of ‘emission peak’ and ‘carbon neutrality’. The results of this study could provide a basis for the future standardized assessment of the carbon sink of mulberry ecosystem in different regions and different utilization modes in China.

  Effects of Compound Microbial Fertilizer on Soil Microbial Diversity in Saline Soil DU Qian, LI Lin, LIU Tienan, LIANG Suyu 2022, 38 (2):  38-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0153 Abstract + ( 171 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1325KB )   ( 29 ) The effect of organic soil conditioner and compound microbial fertilizer on soil salinization and the response of the functional diversity of soil microbial communities to compound microbial fertilizer were studied in Zhaodong saline soil. Saline soil (0-30 cm depth, pH 9.05) from Zhaodong experimental forest farm in Heilongjiang Province was excavated and transported to an artificial soil pool for backfilling. Organic soil conditioner was first added to the soil pool to reduce the saline-alkali properties of the saline soil. 20 days later, three years old Lycium barbarum seedlings were planted and compound microbial fertilizer was applied in the germination period of Lycium barbarum. Three treatments were designed: the organic soil conditioner + fine yellow Streptomyces, organic soil conditioner + furfural residue, and organic soil conditioner + furfural residue + fine yellow Streptomyces, the control sample of soil was only added with organic soil conditioner. The soil samples were took in October of the same year, the basic chemical properties of soil were tested, and Biolog-ECO micro-plate method was applied to the determination of soil microbial community functional diversity. The results showed that the soil treated with organic soil conditioner decreased from pH 9.05 to pH 8.59, and the soil treated with compound microbial fertilizer on this basis decreased from pH 8.59 to pH 7.71. The value of electrical conductivity was significantly increased in the soil of compound microbial fertilizer containing furfural residue. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total carbon and organic carbon in the soil all increased after the application of compound microbial fertilizer. The soil color change rate (AWCD) and the utilization capacity of six carbon sources in the sample plot treated with compound microbial fertilizer were higher than those in the sample plot treated with organic soil conditioner alone. The evenness, richness and diversity index of soil microorganisms were higher under the application of compound microbial fertilizer than that under the application of organic soil conditioner alone. The relationship between the soil chemical properties and the microbial diversity response was significant after the application of compound microbial fertilizer. The pH value of saline soil could be significantly reduced while the organic soil conditioner and the compound microbial fertilizer were added, but the value of electrical conductivity could be increased. The ability of microorganisms using carbon substrates could be increased when compound microbial fertilizer were added, especially the ability of using amino acid and aromatic carbon sources.

  Soil Anti-scourability of Vegetation Configurations in Black Soil Region of Northeast China TONG Fan, WEI Lin, LIU Xujun, REN Xianping, LI Zhifei, WANG Ping, HAO Yanfang 2022, 38 (2):  44-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0173 Abstract + ( 159 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1666KB )   ( 23 ) The research on soil anti-scourability and its influencing factors under different vegetation configuration in the black soil region of northeast China will provide a certain theoretical basis for the selection and allocation of plants for soil and water conservation. Field sampling and runoff scouring experiment were carried out. The results showed that the slope position had a certain influence on the soil anti-scourability. The soil anti-scourability of different slope positions for Lespedeza and Amorpha was different, and the change rule was different in the upper layer (0-10 cm) of the soil, and was similar in the lower layer (10-20 cm). The soil anti-scourability of different vegetation configurations gradually increased with the scouring time. The relationship between the influencing factors and the soil anti-scourability was ranked according to the correlation: sand content > soil water content > WSA0.25 mm > root surface area density > soil bulk density > organic matter. The model of Lespedeza + poplar was the best, indicating that Lespedeza was more suitable for growing under poplar trees, and could be used as an excellent tree species for soil and water conservation in the vegetation configuration of poplar forests.

  Transport of Nitrogen Nutrient Salts in Large-scale Dairy Farming Waste Returning to Field MEI Ying, LIU Yuqi, ZHOU Hang, TIAN Yanfeng, ZANG Chen, LI Xianhua 2022, 38 (2):  52-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0150 Abstract + ( 178 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1437KB )   ( 33 ) Dairy farming waste as an organic fertilizer has become a popular trend of dairy farming waste returning to field in China, but it may cause environmental pollution of farmland soil and surrounding groundwater due to its characteristics of a large amount of nitrogen nutrients. In this paper, the field management of 11 types of base fertilizer + topdressing models of large-scale dairy farming waste returning to field was used to study the law of nitrogen transport in farmland soil and soil aqueous solution. The results showed that the average content of total nitrogen in the soil of different depths under field management showed a gradually decreasing trend as the depth increased; the amount of nitrogen applied was significantly and positively correlated with the average content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil of different depths; nitrate nitrogen was the main form of nitrogen in the soil aqueous solution. Fertilization was the main source of farmland nitrogen input, and leaching was the main item of farmland nitrogen output; only relying on biological nitrogen fixation and atmospheric deposition as the source of nitrogen input would cause soil nitrogen depletion. Base fertilizer of 100% liquid fertilizer + topdressing of 100% liquid fertilizer (Q100100) field management was most likely to cause excess nitrogen in the soil; solid fertilizer and 50% liquid fertilizer as base fertilizer+ topdressing of 75% liquid fertilizer (SQ5075) was most prone to nitrogen leaching. Solid fertilizer and 75% liquid fertilizer as base fertilizer + topdressing of 75% liquid fertilizer (SQ7575) had the least loss of nitrogen from leaching, and was more conducive to plant growth and the accumulation of nitrogen in soil.

  Characteristics and Influencing Factors of CH4 and CO2 Emissions in Baiyangdian Wetland ZHAO Ying, WANG Fei 2022, 38 (2):  63-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0341 Abstract + ( 191 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1595KB )   ( 47 ) This study explored the carbon emissions and their influencing factors in Baiyangdian wetland, in order to provide a basis for the carbon management. Temporal and spatial variations of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission fluxes in Baiyangdian wetland were measured using the static closed chamber gas chromatography technique. The temporal variations show that the CH4 and CO2 emission fluxes increase first then decrease from May to October, and the daily variation of CH4 and CO2 emission fluxes is relatively large in July. The spatial variation of CH4 emission fluxes is in the following order: ecotone zone with reeds>terrace zone with reeds>water zone>terrestrial zone. However, the CO2 emission fluxes show the opposite results. Besides that, CH4 and CO2 emission fluxes are significantly and positively correlated with temperature and soil TN content (P<0.05). Under the same environmental condition, CH4 and CO2 emission fluxes have significantly positive correlations (P<0.05). In sum, CH4 and CO2 emission fluxes show significant temporal and spatial variation, and are influenced by air temperature, soil N and reeds biomass.

  Seed Maize in Zhangye: Meteorological Conditions in Growth Period and Climate Quality Certification YIN Xuelian, CHU Chao, BAI Qinghua, GUO Pingping 2022, 38 (2):  71-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0144 Abstract + ( 270 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1427KB )   ( 73 ) In this paper, the meteorological suitability indexes at key growing stages of seed maize in Zhangye were studied, the meteorological conditions and meteorological factors were examined and the climate quality certification technology of seed maize in Zhangye was discussed. Based on the data of air temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration from the Zhangye National Reference Climatological Station, the effects of meteorological factors in 2020, including heat, light, precipitation and etc., on the growth of seed maize were analyzed, and the assessment of the climate quality grade certification of seed maize in Zhangye was carried out. The results showed that the temperature and sunshine in 2020 were conducive to the growth and quality formation of seed maize; the summer drought and diseases had certain influence on the development of seed maize, and the cultivation base of seed maize should take steps to reduce the hazard degree. According to the geographic regionalization index of seed maize, the climatic conditions of maize growth of the year and the production management of seed maize enterprises, the climate quality grade of seed maize in the certified region is excellent.

  Fungicide Screening and Control of Stem Blight of Eleocharis dulcis LAI Xiaofang, YU Shanhong, YANG Changliang, LI Lin, CHENG Xu, CHEN Xiaoshang 2022, 38 (2):  78-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0458 Abstract + ( 212 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2646KB )   ( 33 ) To screen and evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides, the susceptibility of 41 fungicides to Cylindrosporium eleocharidis was measured by mycelium growth rate method. The results indicated that 18 fungicides had good antibacterial effect, among them, 250 g/L propiconazole EC had the best efficacy of 100%, followed by 43% fluopyram-trifloxystrobin SC, 560 g/L azoxystrobin-chlorothalonil SC and 250 g/L azoxystrobin SC, which had the efficacy of 99.1%, 98.3% and 95.1%, respectively. Field efficacy test showed that 560 g/L azoxystrobin-chlorothalonil SC and 250 g/L azoxystrobin SC had the best control effect on stem blight of Eleocharis dulcis, both above 74.0%, and the yield was less affected. 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule and 43% fluopyram-trifloxystrobin SC had a control effect above 66.0%, but had certain influence on the yield. As to the incidence rate, that of CK was the most serious, with an incidence rate of 94.2% and a disease index of 96.14, causing serious effect on yield and quality.

  Effects of Photosynthetic Bacteria and Biological Coating on Soil Enzyme Activities and Yield of Rape LI Xingyue, YI Jun, FU Huijuan, LI Qiyong, LU Wenyi, LUO Congcong, ZHANG Hong 2022, 38 (2):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0094 Abstract + ( 178 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1367KB )   ( 37 ) The study aims to explore the effects of biological coating on the growth of rape under the application of photosynthetic bacteria. The main rape cultivar ‘Chuanyou36’ in Sichuan Province was used as test material. Based on the field tests, this paper studied the effects of biological coating (endophytic bacillus for seed coating, and application of photosynthetic bacteria liquid before sowing), chemical coating (10% cyazofamid suspension for seed coating) and uncoated treatment on the incidence rate of clubroot, soil enzyme activities and yield traits of rape. The results showed that the incidence rate of clubroot of rape decreased significantly after the coating treatment, and was the lowest under biological coating treatment. The biological coating treatment could significantly improve the activities of catalase, sucrase, urease and acid phosphatase in soil. However, the chemical coating treatment had a certain inhibitory effect on the activities of catalase, urease and acid phosphatase. In addition, the effective branch height, plant height, rhizome thickness, number of primary effective branches, 1000-grain weight and yield of rape significantly increased under the biological coating treatment. Compared with chemical coating treatment and uncoated treatment, the yield of rape with biological coating was increased by 16.97% and 22.26%, respectively. The above results show that biological coating and the application of photosynthetic bacteria could not only improve the soil environment of rape and effectively reduce the harm of clubroot to rape, but also increase the rape yield and reduce the input of chemical agents.

  Effects of Formic Acid and Wood Vinegar on Bacterial Community Composition of Alfalfa Silage WANG Lixue, HAN Jing, CHEN Longbin, YU Xinyue, LIU Jingxi, MA Yi, HUO Wenjuan 2022, 38 (2):  92-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0082 Abstract + ( 156 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1468KB )   ( 24 ) To investigate the effects of inhibitory silage additives on bacterial community composition of alfalfa silage, the experiment was conducted with formic acid and wood vinegar as the additives, alfalfa silage was made by mixing alfalfa with dry matter content of (23.02±0.70) % with the additive of 6 mL/kg, the treatment with equivalent distilled water replacing additive was used as the control, and the bacterial community was analyzed through High-throughput sequencing method after 45 days. The results showed that in the control group, the Enterobacteriaceae unknown genus of Proteobacteria was dominant, followed by Enterococcus of Firmicutes; in the wood vinegar treatment, the Enterococcus of Firmicutes was dominant, followed by Enterobacteriaceae unknown genus of Proteobacteria; while in the formic acid treatment, the dominant bacteria community was unknown family and genus of Streptophyta in Cyanobacteria. Compared with the control, the relative abundance of Enterococcus was increased significantly in the wood vinegar treatment, but decreased significantly in the formic acid treatment; both of the two additives significantly reduced the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, and the decrease of formic acid treatment was significantly higher than that of wood vinegar treatment; the formic acid treatment significantly increased the abundance indices (Chao1 and ACE) of bacterial community but decreased the dominance index (Simpson). According to the principal component analysis, the indices of bacteria community and main nutrition and fermentation quality could explain 88.786% information of alfalfa silage. From the distribution of samples, the distribution of wood vinegar treatment was between the formic acid treatment and the control but closer to the control. In conclusion, according to the bacterial community analysis, both the formic acid and wood vinegar could improve the bacterial community composition of alfalfa silage, in which formic acid could mainly inhibite bacterial fermentation but wood vinegar is helpful to promote lactic acid bacteria fermentation.

  Effects of Waterweed Density on Water Quality and Growth of Palaemonetes Sinensis in Ponds LIU Yanhui, YANG Bingkun, GAO Chunshan, LIU Tiegang, LI Xiuying, ZU Xiujie 2022, 38 (2):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0075 Abstract + ( 350 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1412KB )   ( 31 ) In order to explore the influence of waterweed coverage area on aquaculture water quality and growth performance of Palaemonetes sinensis in ponds, in the experiment, three groups of 10%, 30% and 50% (A, B and C) waterweed densities were set up, and 500 thousand shrimp larvae with average weight of 0.01 g were cultured per 666.7 m 2 in pond. The hydration index was measured once every 5 days, and the growth index and feed coefficient of shrimp were measured after the experiment. The results showed that: the water temperature was A>B>C after 20 days. The dissolved oxygen of B was higher than that of A after 15 days. The dissolved oxygen of C was higher than that of A and B in 25-45 days, and lower than A and B in 50-85 days, in the two periods, the dissolved oxygen of C was significantly different from A and B (P<0.01). From 35 to 85 days, the pH was C>B>A, and the difference was extremely significant among the three groups (P<0.01). In 15~25 days, ammonia nitrogen was A>B>C, while C>A>B was found in 40~85 days, and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01) among the three groups. The nitrate nitrogen was A>B>C in 25~45 days, and C>A>B in 50~85 days, and the difference among the three groups was extremely significant (P<0.01). The growth index and unit yield were B>A>C. The feed coefficient was C>A>B, and there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between B and C. Based on the water quality indexes, the growth performance and the feed utilization, waterweed density of 30% area (B) is better than the other two groups under the experimental conditions.

  Photothermal Performance of Different Types of Solar Greenhouses in Hohhot SU Lijun, PAN Yaoting 2022, 38 (2):  106-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0790 Abstract + ( 259 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1865KB )   ( 35 ) This study compares the photothermal performance of the newly introduced solar greenhouse with the current thick wall chamber, so as to provide a reference basis for the construction of solar greenhouse in Hohhot. According to the microclimate monitoring data of four types of solar greenhouses, the variation laws of meteorological elements such as daily average temperature inside and outside the greenhouse, daily minimum temperature inside and outside the greenhouse, daily maximum temperature inside and outside the greenhouse and illumination in the greenhouse were analyzed. The results show that the double-film double-cover water tank heat storage solar greenhouse is the solar greenhouse with the highest indoor temperature level, during the overwintering period (January 12th-February 21st), the daily average temperature is 20℃, the daily average maximum temperature and minimum temperature are 35.7℃ and 13.6℃, respectively. The thick wall chamber is the solar greenhouse with the lowest temperature among the four types of greenhouses, the daily average temperature is 15.1℃ and the daily average minimum temperature is 6.1℃. Under sunny condition, the peak temperature of different types of solar greenhouses could reach 35-40℃, and under cloudy weather, the peak temperature of various types of greenhouses is slightly lower, up to about 30℃. Under overcast condition, the indoor temperature of various types of greenhouses decreased significantly and that of all types of greenhouses is below 20℃, and the heating effect of straw solar greenhouses is more significant, which is better than that of other types of greenhouses, however, its thermal insulation effect is poor, and the heating and thermal insulation effect of thick wall chamber are neither ideal. According to the statistics of the number of days with the daily minimum temperature in the greenhouse lower than 8℃, the thick wall chamber has 34 days with the minimum temperature lower than 8℃, more than 4/5 of the total statistical days; the straw greenhouse has 18 days, more than 2/5 of the total statistical days; the solar greenhouse with double-film single-cover water tank heat storage has 8 days, about 1/5 of the total statistical days; and the solar greenhouse with double-film double-cover water tank heat storage has only 2 days. The temperature in the greenhouse increases with the increase of light intensity, under sunny condition, the rising time of temperature lags behind that of light intensity by 2~4 hours and the peak value of light intensity can reach more than 20000 lx; under cloudy condition, the rising time of temperature lags behind that of light intensity by about 1 hour, and the peak value of light intensity can reach 5500-8000 lx. Considering the factors such as temperature, light and weather condition, the indoor and outdoor temperature difference of double-film double-cover water tank heat storage solar greenhouse in winter is the largest, and its thermal insulation effect is the best, the double-film single-cover water tank heat storage solar greenhouse comes the second, followed by the straw solar greenhouse, and the thermal insulation performance of thick wall chamber is the worst among the four types of greenhouses.

  The Operation Efficiency and Configuration of Sugar Beet Production Machines LIU Na, ZHANG Wenbin, LU Bingfu, LIU Xiaoxue 2022, 38 (2):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0524 Abstract + ( 172 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1282KB )   ( 29 ) Sugar beet is an important raw material of sugar industry, which has been planted for more than 100 years in China. In recent years, the labor price has risen sharply with the rapid transfer of rural labor force, and sugar beet planting is more time-consuming, so the mechanization of sugar beet production has been taken seriously and developed rapidly. The field operation efficiency of beet machines is calculated based on the analysis of the environmental conditions, soil conditions, mechanical properties, agricultural seasons and other factors in sugar beet machines’ operation. The sugar beet machines are reasonably configured and the combined operation is adopted as far as possible, which can ensure that the corresponding operation area to be completed within the operation period, so as to improve the utilization rate and operation efficiency of machinery to guarantee the technology’s feasibility and economic profitability.

  Assessment of Maize Harvester Types on Grain Harvest Quality LI Pingfang, WANG Haitao, WANG Jianfeng, GUO Xiaoyun, DING Weili, ZHANG Zhengxia, XU Ruyang, XIA Laikun 2022, 38 (2):  124-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0101 Abstract + ( 196 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1401KB )   ( 28 ) Three different types of maize grain harvesters and maize varieties of seven different genotypes were chosen to study the quality of harvested maize grains and the influencing factors, and explore the effects of different harvester types on maize grain harvest quality of different genotypes, so as to provide a basis for the selection of maize harvesters and the popularization of maize machine harvesting technology. According to the data obtained from the test, among the main characteristics of maize varieties with different genotypes, ear height, density, grain number per ear and yield per unit area have significant effects on the crushing rate, loss rate and impurity rate, respectively. The grain moisture content before harvest has extremely significant effect on the crushing rate, but less significant effects on the loss rate and impurity rate. The grain moisture content before harvest of the three types of harvesters is significantly and positively correlated with the crushing rate, but not significantly and positively correlated with the loss rate and the impurity rate. The crushing rate of the grains harvested by the 3 types of harvesters is significantly different, the loss rate is significantly different, but the impurity rate is not significantly different. The grain moisture content before harvest is the main factor affecting the crushing rate, but it does not significantly affect the loss rate and impurity rate. There is no significant interaction and correlation among the crushing rate, loss rate and impurity rate. According to the regression analysis, the grain moisture content before harvest is linearly correlated with the crushing rate, loss rate and impurity rate, and the grain crushing rate of different types of maize harvesters increases with the increase of moisture content before harvest and the loss rate and impurity rate do not increase with the increase of grain moisture content before harvest, the differences of working quality of different types of harvesters are mainly reflected in the influence of grain moisture content before harvest on the crushing rate. Under the condition that the moisture content before harvest is not higher than 25% of the national standard (GB/T 21962-2008), the crushing rate, loss rate and impurity rate of the three types of harvesters can all reach the national standard of 5%, 5% and 3%, respectively. When the crushing rate required by the national standard is no more than 5%, the suitable grain moisture content harvested by Foton 4LZ-8E, Gowang 4LZ-7B and LeiVo 4LZ-8E2 should not be higher than 26.51%, 26.95% and 36.41%, respectively, with an average value of 29.96%. At this grain moisture content level, the loss rate and impurity rate will not be higher than the national standard. That is, if the grain moisture content before harvest is not higher than 30%, the working quality of the harvester can be guaranteed to meet the national standard. Before harvesting, the main components of the harvester should be adjusted to achieve reasonable indexes, and the appropriate harvesting speed or feeding amount should be adopted to achieve the best harvesting quality by comprehensively considering the growth of maize, the grain moisture content, the terrain and other factors.

  The Removal Process of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues on the Surface of Commercial Fruits by Alkaline Electrolyzed Water LIU Lilan, QIU Qinqin, FAN Wenrong, TANG Jiao, HU Xiaobing, XIAO Wei, CHEN Ke 2022, 38 (2):  133-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0188 Abstract + ( 210 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1746KB )   ( 31 ) The purpose of this study is to optimize the control scheme of alkaline electrolyzed water (BEW) on the removal of pesticide residues on the surface of harvested fruits and vegetables based on response surface methodology, in order to provide valuable reference for the cleaning and processing of postharvest fruits and vegetables. Commercial citrus was used to detect organophosphorus pesticide residues on the fruit surface by the enzyme inhibition rate method. The Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface method were used to optimize the process parameters for the removal of organophosphorus pesticide residue. The BEW dilution ratio, soaking time, and soaking volume were selected as independent variables, while the enzyme inhibition rate of citrus after soaking was the response value. Subsequently, the predictive model of the quadratic regression equation of the enzyme inhibition rate after treatment was established, and the influence of each independent variable and their interaction on the enzyme inhibition rate were studied. The results showed that the dilution ratio of BEW, soaking time and soaking volume all significantly affected the removal efficiency of organophosphorus pesticides on the surface of postharvest citrus. The optimized enzyme inhibition rate could achieve 40% when the following process parameters were used: dilution ratio of 1:8.49, soaking time of 1.26 min, and soaking volume of 388.45 mL. The experiment verified that the average enzyme inhibition rate was 40.59%, and the relative error was only 1.48%, indicating that the actual value and the model predicted value fitted well. In conclusion, our research results prove that the alkaline electrolyzed water has a good ability to remove organophosphorus pesticide residues on the surface of fruits and vegetables under the optimal processing condition.

  Status Quo and Comparative Advantages of Mutton Sheep Industry in Yunnan Province WANG Xuejiao, LI Longwei, DU Chunyan 2022, 38 (2):  141-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0119 Abstract + ( 202 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1476KB )   ( 40 ) This paper analyzed the development status of mutton sheep industry in Yunnan Province from the perspectives of production, consumption, price fluctuation and trade. On this basis, qualitative and quantitative methods were used to conduct in-depth research on the comparative advantages of Yunnan mutton sheep industry development from 2008 to 2019 from the aspects of basic advantages, location quotient, industrial concentration and specialization. The results showed that the location quotient scores of Yunnan mutton sheep industry were all above 1, showing an increasing trend year by year. The concentration index and specialization coefficient of the mutton sheep industry also showed a continuous growing trend. Main conclusions of the study are: firstly, Yunnan Province has superior mutton sheep breeding conditions and a stable mutton consumption market; secondly, Yunnan Province’s resource endowment advantage of mutton sheep industry is above the national average level and shows an increasing trend; finally, the concentration and specialization of mutton sheep industry are increasing, and the scale of the mutton sheep industry has been steadily improved. The development of Yunnan mutton sheep industry has comparative advantages and great development potential in the future.

  The Willingness and Influencing Factors of Farmers’ Homestead Exit in the Agricultural Area of Eastern Henan: An Example of Fugou County ZHANG Yufeng, SUN Jiangtao, LI Qingsong, FAN Liyao, WEN Qian 2022, 38 (2):  150-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0103 Abstract + ( 357 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1543KB )   ( 41 ) Understanding farmers’ willingness of homestead exit has important implications for promoting rural revitalization, farmland protection and national food security. In this paper, a mufti-objective framework, the stratified sampling and Logistic binary regression model were adopted to study the farmers’ homestead exit intention and its influencing factors in the typical agricultural area of the eastern Henan Province. The results showed that: (1) the cognition level of farmers on the homestead exiting policy was very low, 52.7% of the interviewed farmers did not understand the policy at all, 47.3% understood the policy partially, furthermore, more than 50% of the interviewed farmers believed that the homestead was allowed to transact; (2) only 28.57% of the interviewed farmers were willing to quit the homestead, the main reasons included ‘used to living in the old house’, ‘inconvenient farming after quitting’, ‘granting the property to the next generation’ and ‘worrying about the price for a new house’, which accounted for 34.4%, 21.6%, 20.8% and 18.4% of the total interviewed farmers respectively; (3) the most welcomed compensation way was resettlement compensation, accounting for 68.0% of the total, and only 14.3% of the interviewed farmers chose monetary compensation; (4) the main factors that affected farmers’ homestead exit intention were the number of homestead, annual family income, the understanding of homestead policy, family size and farmers’ age, and the correlation coefficient of the above factors was 3.840, 1.028, 0.850, -0.414 and -0.858, respectively. To improve farmers’ homestead exit intention, it is necessary to develop regional industrial economy, increase rural household income and strengthen policy publicity.

  Farmers’ Ecological Compensation Willingness and Livelihood Capital in Qingyazhai Nature Reserve WANG Yao, LI Liangtao, LIANG Shijie, ZHANG Xiaohua, ZHOU Yuekang, MA Chuanyu 2022, 38 (2):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0151 Abstract + ( 200 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1516KB )   ( 28 ) To alleviate the contradiction between ecological protection and local sustainable development, this paper took the Qingyazhai Nature Reserve in Hebei Province as an example, used questionnaires and conditional value assessment method to analyze the willingness of local farmers to accept ecological compensation and their livelihood capital. The results showed that the average expected value of ecological compensation willingness of farmers in the reserve was 4148 yuan/hm2. The main form of compensation for farmers was cash compensation, followed by policy compensation and in-kind compensation, with the lowest demand on technical compensation. The highest compensation demands by farmers were preferential policies for farmers and the improvement of the social security system. Among the in-kind compensation, farmers’ demand for grain and organic fertilizers ranked the first, and the demand for environmental pesticides ranked the second. In terms of technical compensation, there was a high demand for fruit and vegetable planting technology, agricultural planting technology and agricultural product processing technology. The natural capital of the reserve was 0.1812, the human capital was 0.4431, the physical capital was 0.1638, the financial capital was 0.4165, and the social capital was 0.2998. The overall development of livelihood capital was unbalanced, showing vulnerability, and the livelihood capital of farmers with different compensation willingness was different. This research is of significance for the formulation of ecological compensation policies in the study area and the construction of reasonable ecological compensation mechanisms.