Current issue

• 2022 Vol.38 No.3 Published:25 January 2022

  The Effects of Chemical Fertilizer and Pig Manure on Winter Wheat Yield and Quality SUN Wenyan, YIN Hongjuan, TIAN Changyu, XU Jiukai, ZHAO Bingqiang, TANG Jiwei 2022, 38 (3):  1-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0225 Abstract + ( 367 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF ( 5693KB )   ( 94 ) The effects of pig manure and chemical fertilizer of different amounts on wheat grain yield and quality were comprehensively analyzed to provide a scientific nutrient management basis for improving wheat nutrition and procession quality. Winter wheat cultivar ‘Yannong 19’ was used as the test material in a field experiment. Pig manure and chemical fertilizer were applied at the N rate of 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 500 and 600 kg/hm 2. The results showed that the type and rate of nitrogen had significant effects on the yield and quality of wheat. Pig manure N and chemical fertilizer N could significantly improve the yield and quality, and the promotion effect was similar. There were significant correlations between the nitrogen rate and crude protein, wet gluten, sedimentation value, 1000-grain weight, falling number, formation time, stable time, weakening degree, farinograph quality index, the maximum tensile resistance and tensile area, and there was significant correlation among these quality indexes. There was no significant correlation between the nitrogen rate and gluten index, hardness index, bulk density, water absorption, 50 mm tensile resistance and elongation, and there was significant correlation between these indexes and other quality indexes. According to cluster analysis, the 19 fertilization treatments were divided into 2 categories. The yield and quality were poor when the pig manure N was lower than 240 kg/hm2 or the chemical fertilizer N was lower than 180 kg/hm2. When the pig manure N was ≥240 kg/hm 2 or the chemical fertilizer N was ≥180 kg/hm 2, the wheat yield and quality were high. Therefore, when the pig manure N was 240 kg/hm2 or the chemical fertilizer N was 180 kg/hm2, the yield and quality could increase together.

  Effects of Ferrous Stress on Accumulation of Mineral Elements in Sugar Beet Seedlings DONG Yinzhuang, WANG Gang, YU Lihua, GENG Gui 2022, 38 (3):  11-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0490 Abstract + ( 239 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 2737KB )   ( 38 ) The objectives are to study the effects of different concentrations of ferrous ions on the growth and accumulation of mineral elements in different parts of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seedlings, and to provide a basis for sugar beet planting in different soils. In this study, sugar beet variety ‘KWS1176’ was taken as the research material, and the growth status of the seedlings was studied with the Fe2+ concentration of 0.06, 0.12, 0.24, 0.48, 0.96, 1.92 and 3.84 mmol/L (CK, T1-T6) by hydroponic culture, and the contents of mineral elements in different tissues were determined. The results showed that along with the increase of Fe2+ concentrations in nutrient solution, the concentration of Fe in both aboveground and underground parts of the plant increased continuously. The content of plant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macro-elements showed different degrees of downward trend with the increase of Fe2+ concentration. In addition, the manganese content in plants showed a decreasing trend, while the copper and zinc content increased with the increasing stress degree. In summary, the high concentration of ferrous ions in the substrate will greatly affect the absorption of mineral elements by the seedlings, and have a negative impact on the growth and development of sugar beet seedlings.

  Identification and Evaluation of Drought Resistance in Sugarcane Seedling Stage FAN Xian, QUAN Yiji, YANG Shaolin, LI Rudan, DENG Jun, ZHANG Yuebin 2022, 38 (3):  17-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0216 Abstract + ( 228 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 3809KB )   ( 42 ) Twelve sugarcane varieties were used in pot experiment. The survival rate of sugarcane seedlings, and chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase activity of leaves were measured under repeated drought stress at seedling stage. This article used drought resistance coefficient method and membership function value method, evaluated and identified the resistance of sugarcane physiological indexes under repeated drought stress at seedling stage, aiming to provide a method for the selection of drought resistant sugarcane varieties, as well as data support for drought resistant breeding of sugarcane and demonstration and promotion of drought resistant varieties in sugarcane areas. The results showed that after repeated drought - rehydration treatment, the seedling survival rate, leaf chlorophyll content, POD and SOD activity of all sugarcane varieties decreased, while the leaf Pro, REC, MDA and soluble sugar content increased significantly, and there were significant differences among sugarcane varieties. The drought resistance of ‘LC 09-15’, ‘GT 32’, ‘FN 08-3214’, ‘YZ 08-1609’, ‘YZ 11-1204’, ‘YZ 05-51’, ‘YR 11-450’ and ‘DZ 12-88’ were stronger than that of the control ‘ROC 22’. Through the screening and promotion of sugarcane varieties with excellent drought resistance, the problem caused by the character degradation of sugarcane variety ‘ROC 22’ in sugarcane area could be solved, providing sugarcane varieties with effective drought resistance in early spring and high yield stability.

  Effect of Root Pruning on Quality of Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. Container Seedlings WU Wen 2022, 38 (3):  25-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0258 Abstract + ( 187 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1205KB )   ( 23 ) Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. is a unique color-leaf tree species in China. Its leaf has a bright red color in spring and autumn, and it has a high ornamental value. With China’s forestry development, Sapium sebiferum has been gradually valued. In this paper, three different ratios of root pruning were carried out on the container seedlings of Sapium sebiferum, and the morphological and physiological indexes were compared. The results show that root pruning could significantly promote the seedling height, ground diameter, above-ground biomass, underground biomass and fibrous root biomass, but there is no significant difference between the root pruning treatments. The root morphology of Sapium sebiferum container seedlings could be greatly improved by root pruning. The ideal method is to prune 1/3 of the main root, with an average number of first-order lateral roots of 4.56, a total length of 484.26 cm, a root surface area of 210.59 cm2 and a root volume of 7.62 cm3, the root length with a diameter less than 0.5 mm is 255.91 cm and the root length with a diameter more than 4.5 mm is 21.05 cm. The nutritional content and root activity of the seedlings’ roots change after root pruning. The content of soluble sugar and starch of the pruning of 1/3 main root are the highest, 53.34 mg/g and 138.80 mg/g respectively. The root vigor increases with the root pruning ratio.

  Water and Nitrogen Coupling Effects and Model Under Tomato Drip Irrigation LUO Hui, LI Fusheng 2022, 38 (3):  30-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0190 Abstract + ( 232 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2594KB )   ( 40 ) To explore the irrigation and fertilization system and the optimal coupling mode of water and nitrogen (N) for high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency of tomato production under drip irrigation, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different water and N coupling modes on tomato yield, quality, and water and N use under drip irrigation. The results showed that compared with F0W0 (100% N fertilizer applied to soil as basal fertilizer and rainfall + supplementary drip irrigation), F2W2 (100% N fertilizer via alternate drip irrigation and 80% conventional irrigation amount), F3W2 (40% N fertilizer applied to soil as basal fertilizer, 60% N fertilizer via alternate drip irrigation as topdressing and 80% conventional irrigation amount), F4W2 (100% N fertilizer via fixed drip irrigation and 80% conventional irrigation amount) and F5W2 (40% N fertilizer applied to soil as basal fertilizer, 60% N fertilizer via fixed drip irrigation as topdressing and 80% conventional irrigation amount) increased tomato yield, water use efficiency and partial productivity of N fertilizer. F2W2 enhanced vitamin C, soluble sugar and sugar/acid ratio of tomato by 42.5%, 25.5% and 131.9%, respectively. F2W2 had the optimal comprehensive quality of tomato evaluated by principal component analysis, and the optimal comprehensive benefit of tomato yield, quality, and water and N use evaluated by TOPSIS. Therefore, 100% N fertilizer via alternate drip irrigation and 80% conventional irrigation amount (F2W2) is the optimal coupling mode of water and N for tomato under drip irrigation.

  Preliminary Study on Selenium Enrichment of Hawthorn and Persimmon in Typical Carbonate Rock Region of Qingzhou City, Shandong Province JIANG Bing, SUN Zengbing, ZHANG Hairui, LIU Yang, ZHANG Hongbin 2022, 38 (3):  37-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0243 Abstract + ( 250 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 3809KB )   ( 30 ) Hawthorn and persimmon have undergone a long history of planting in the carbonate rock area in the southwest Qingzhou City of Shandong Province, and their fruits are of high quality. By collecting the fruits of hawthorn and persimmon, and their root soil, the selenium (Se) level, enrichment rule and the influencing factors were studied, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the subsequent development of Se-rich fruit industry. The results show that: (1) Se is relatively rich in hawthorn and persimmon root soil in the study area, which is closely related to organic matter; due to the adsorption and solidification of organic matter, the content of easy-to-use Se is low; (2) the content of Se in the fruits of hawthorn and persimmon is low, so is the enrichment coefficient; the enrichment ratio of Se in hawthorn is 17.65%, whereas that of persimmon does not reach the level of Se enrichment; (3) the Se enrichment coefficient of persimmon and hawthorn is strongly and negatively correlated with the content of organic matter and Se in the root soil; (4) the adsorption and solidification of Se by organic matter could increase the content of Se in the soil, but reduce the bioavailability of Se, and organic matter is the key factor affecting the availability of Se.

  Phthalic Acid Esters Degradation by Rhizosphere Microorganisms of Herbaceous Plants in Surface Water Environment LIU Shujuan, ZHANG Cuiping, LI Shuying, YANG Xiaoyan, ZHOU Yuanqing, LI Yuan 2022, 38 (3):  44-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0167 Abstract + ( 220 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 2724KB )   ( 64 ) Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are typical endocrine disrupting compounds commonly detected in surface water environment. Microbial degradation is considered to be the best way to remove PAEs from the environment, and rhizosphere microorganisms are the ‘main force’ of PAEs degradation. In this study, we discussed the pollution status of PAEs in surface water environment, PAEs biodegradation pathway and rhizosphere degradation characteristics and mechanism of typical herbaceous plants, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the purification of PAEs pollution in surface water environment by herbaceous plants in constructed wetlands.

  Safety Assessment of Heavy Metals in Specific Crops of Strictly Controlled Farmland ZHANG Huimin, BAO Guangling, ZHOU Xiaotian, GAO Linlin, HU Hongxiang, MA Youhua 2022, 38 (3):  52-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0209 Abstract + ( 196 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1162KB )   ( 42 ) Strictly controlled farmland refers to the cultivated land with heavy metals’ contents (cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead and chromium) exceeding the risk control standard specified by Soil Environmental Quality Agricultural Land Risk Control Standards (GB15618-2018). This article evaluated the safety of planting edible crops in strictly controlled farmland, aiming to provide reference for cultivation structure adjustment in strictly controlled farmland, as well as the safe use of contaminated farmland. Present research indicates that the heavy metals in the seeds easily exceed the standards when oil crops, such as rape, peanut, sesame and sunflower, are cultivated in strictly controlled farmland, while heavy metals’ (such as As and Pb) contents in vegetable oil are lower than the safety limits, and the oil is safe for diet. But for Camellia oleifera seed oil, the excessive rate of heavy metals is relatively high, so it is necessary to further evaluate the heavy metals’ accumulation characteristics of Camellia oleifera varieties, and the safety of Camellia oleifera seed oil. Seed meals could be used as animal feeds and organic fertilizers after the removal of heavy metals, which could maximize the utilization of resources. Nevertheless, there is a risk of excessive heavy metals in maize silage cultivated in strictly controlled farmland, while the risk in maize grains is relatively low, and the low heavy metal accumulation maize varieties could be further screened to achieve the purpose of safe production of grains. The safety of heavy metals in tea should be further studied in strictly controlled farmland. Furthermore, it is necessary to improve the standard system of heavy metal safety limits of edible crops, strengthen the research and development of straw treatment and resource utilization technologies, and establish an ecological compensation mechanism of specific crop straw recycling in strictly controlled farmland.

  GIS Based Eco-environment Sensitivity Assessment of Coal Fields in Shanxi Province YANG Qixue, PAN Huanhuan, WU Shurong, DU Ziqiang, ZHANG Hong, WU Zhitao 2022, 38 (3):  59-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0250 Abstract + ( 218 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 3000KB )   ( 29 ) As a typical human disturbed ecosystem, coal field not only plays an important role in promoting economic development, but also provides strong support for maintaining the stability of ecosystem. Evaluation of ecological environment sensitivity in coal field is one of the main ways to realize the regional control of coal field. Taking six coal fields in Shanxi Province as examples, this paper adopted GIS spatial analysis technology to select indexes from topographical and geological conditions, habitat, water resources environment, human disturbance and other aspects, and constructed the evaluation index system and evaluation model of ecological sensitivity of coal fields. Based on the three factors of soil erosion sensitivity, soil desertification sensitivity and human disturbance in the six coal fields, the ecological environment sensitivity level evaluation and spatial distribution characteristics analysis were carried out. The results showed that: (1) among the soil erosion sensitivity of the six major coal fields, the proportion of the four grades of insensitivity, mild sensitivity, moderate sensitivity and severe sensitivity was: 18.7%, 43.4%, 25.6% and 12.3%, respectively; the high sensitivity of soil erosion was caused by sandy soil and silt soil, relatively concentrated precipitation, large topographic relief and strong hydraulic erosion; (2) the sensitive areas of moderate and severe land desertification accounted for 10.4% and 3.8%, which were mainly caused by perennial gale in winter and spring, low precipitation, dry surface, mostly sandy soil texture and low vegetation coverage; (3) the proportion of mild, severe and complete disturbance areas in the coal field environment was 36.4%, 38.2% and 11.1% respectively; the degree of human disturbance in the northern part of Ningwu coal field, the southeastern part of Qinshui coal field and the southern part of Datong coal field showed complete human disturbance type, and the disturbance landscape types were urban and rural construction land, industrial and mining land, and other construction land, which were mainly distributed in the city and its surrounding areas; (4) the areas with mild, moderate and severe comprehensive eco-environmental sensitivity accounted for 20.3%, 36.4% and 11.1% of the total study area respectively, and the areas with non-sensitivity accounted for 20.3%, and the areas with high sensitivity were mainly distributed in the north of Ningwu coal field, the southeast of Datong coal field, the north and northeast of Qinshui coal field. The research results could provide data support and a scientific basis for the development and utilization of mining area and ecological protection.

  Research Status and Prospects of Saline-alkali Land Amelioration in the Coastal Region of China ZHAO Ying, WANG Li, ZHAO Huili, CHEN Xiaobing 2022, 38 (3):  67-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0255 Abstract + ( 662 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF ( 2170KB )   ( 110 ) Under the background of cultivated land resource shortage and an increasing contradiction between human and land in east China, it is urgent to increase cultivated land to ensure a ‘balance of occupation and compensation’. Coastal saline-alkali land, as a potential land reserve resource, has strategic and practical significance by its rational development and utilization to alleviate the pressure of land resource shortage, improve agricultural water resource utilization efficiency and ecosystem stability. This paper introduced the current situation and main characteristics of coastal saline-alkali land resources, and summarized the recent research progress and existing problems of coastal saline-alkali land improvement and utilization from the physical, chemical, hydraulic engineering and biological aspects, and put forward the research prospect of coastal saline-alkali land in the future from biophysical process, obstacle reduction, soil fertility improvement and nutrient expansion, development and application of new materials, soil carbon sequestration, and comprehensive management and remediation, aiming to provide new ideas, new technologies and theoretical support for coastal saline-alkali soil improvement under the background of ecological civilization in the new era.

  Influence of Cultivated Land Quality on Cultivated Land Productivity JIANG Yuqin, XIE Xianjin, HUANG Da 2022, 38 (3):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0170 Abstract + ( 325 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1072KB )   ( 51 ) As the carrier of plant growth, cultivated land is an important means of agricultural production. With the progress of the society, the role of cultivated land quality becomes increasingly prominent. Improving the quality of cultivated land is of great significance to enhance the cultivated land productivity and ensure the national food security. Based on previous studies, this paper summarized the definition of cultivated land quality, which could be understood as the comprehensive productivity of cultivated land under the combined action of cultivated land environment, cultivated land soil property, cultivated land management level and other factors. Soil property of cultivated land is the most intuitive expression of cultivated land quality and has been the focus of the research. In this paper, soil properties such as soil type, soil texture, soil fertility and plough layer structure were selected as major indexes, and their effects on cultivated land productivity were summarized. At present, the research on cultivated land quality is in the preliminary stage, and a comprehensive and systematic research should be the direction in the future.

  Effect of Lime Application with Organic Materials on Soil Cadmium Form in Rice-wheat Rotation Fields GAO Linlin, WANG Chensisi, ZHANG Ning, HU Hanxiu, MA Youhua 2022, 38 (3):  81-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0218 Abstract + ( 162 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1833KB )   ( 30 ) The study aims to explore the changes of cadmium form in heavily polluted farmland soil near the mining area of Tongling City after remediation with lime and organic materials under field experiment conditions, and provide a basis for the remediation of cadmium contaminated arable land. The soil cadmium morphological changes by applying bioorganic fertilizer, biochar and biofertilizer combined with lime in rice-wheat rotation field were studied respectively. The results showed that after the application of lime with organic materials, the soil pH range of wheat season was pH 4.72-5.39, while that of the rice season was pH 6.30-7.25. The available cadmium content in soil significantly decreased by 1.27%-14.71% and 17.72%-33.22%, respectively (P<0.05). The active forms of soil cadmium, such as acid-soluble state, converted to the residual state, realized the deactivation of cadmium. The passivation effect of lime with organic materials was better than that of lime alone, and the passivation effect of biological organic fertilizer with lime was the best in wheat season. By contrast, biological fertilizer with lime had the best passivation effect in rice season.

  Single-cell Transcriptome Sequencing Technology and Its Application in Plant Research CHEN Liuhong, ZHAO Chunlei, WANG Xi, LI Yanli, DING Guangzhou, CHEN Li 2022, 38 (3):  87-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0316 Abstract + ( 207 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1205KB )   ( 54 ) In order to explore single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology (scRNA-seq) application in plant research, this review summarized the development status of scRNA-seq, and introduced its applications in embryonic development, immune cells, tumors and plant research. Secondly, this article analyzed the key technologies of scRNA-seq (ie. single-cell separation, single-cell whole transcriptome cDNA amplification technology and high-throughput sequencing). Finally, this article summed up the scRNA-seq applicable to plants based on the characteristics of plant cells, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the better use of the method in plant research.

  Comparative Study on Biological Characteristics of 13 Medicinal Dendrobium Germplasm Resources CHEN Huiling, ZHANG Xinye, PENG Chan, LIU Zongkun, PANG Hongdong, LIU Lian, YANG Yanling 2022, 38 (3):  94-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0180 Abstract + ( 166 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1227KB )   ( 24 ) For the development of medicinal Dendrobium industrialization, the study aims to reduce the dependence on wild traditional Chinese medicine resources and select excellent germplasm resources suitable for artificial cultivation, thus realizing the coordination between the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine industry and ecological environment protection. 13 primary germplasm resources of Dendrobium officinale introduced and collected in Yingshan of Hubei Province were used as test materials, and the phenology observation, stem and leaf morphology and flower morphology observation were conducted, and the growth adaptability of different germplasm resources was compared. The results show that the phenological periods of different medicinal Dendrobium germplasm resources are different. The earliest flowering period is at the end of March, most of them are from April to May, and the latest is from July to August. There are significant differences in stem, leaf and flower morphology among different germplasm resources, which could be divided into three types: high, common and small. The color of petals and lips of different medicinal Dendrobium germplasm resources mainly change from white to yellow green. The petals are mainly leathery, and a few of them are thick leathery, paper like or membranous. Dendrobium huoshanense, Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium moniliforme and Dendrobium lohohense have better growth adaptability. Yingshan County of Hubei Province has superior geographical and climatic conditions, which are suitable for the growth of most medicinal Dendrobium. Phenological period, stem and leaf morphology and flower morphology are important indexes to distinguish the germplasm types of medicinal Dendrobium. Dendrobium huoshanense, Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium moniliforme (Jiangxi provenance) are high-quality germplasm resources that can be popularized and developed in Hubei Province.

  Optimization of Culture Medium of Serendipita indica Based on Response Surface Methodology LI Jiahuan, WANG Xiaohui, JIANG Mingguo, SONG Fuqiang, CHANG Wei 2022, 38 (3):  102-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0229 Abstract + ( 199 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 3808KB )   ( 39 ) The root endophytic fungus Serendipita indica can be cultured on artificial medium. The present study aims at optimizing the medium to enhance the growth rate of S. indica. In this experiment, the single-factor experiment was selected for evaluating the effect of six parameters on the growth rate of S. indica, and the optimization design of the medium was performed by the response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the optimum temperature was 31±2℃, the optimum pH was 6.9±0.2, the best carbon source was sucrose, the best nitrogen source was NaNO3, and the best inorganic salt was MgSO4·7H2O. The optimal medium formulation was determined by RSM as following: MgSO4·7H2O 0.824 g/L, KH2PO4 1.118 g/L, NaNO3 1.055 g/L, NaCl 0.03 g/L, CaCl2 0.05 g/L and sucrose 10 g/L. In the optimal medium, the average growth rate of S. indica reached 1.8083 cm/d, which was greatly faster than that in the original MMN medium. In this study, medium optimization based on RSM improved the growth rate of S. indica, which laid a foundation for the large-scale production of S. indica and its application in field trials.

  Tolfenpyrad Against Common Pests in Cabbage Field: Application Effect Analysis CHI Yanyan, LIN Shaoyuan, XU Shu, CHEN Bingxu 2022, 38 (3):  110-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0222 Abstract + ( 224 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 4490KB )   ( 36 ) The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility and appropriate dose of tolfenpyrad in controlling common insect pests in cabbage fields. According to Pesticide Guidelines for the Field Efficacy Trials, we determined the control effects of 30% tolfenpyrad SC on Plutella xylostella, Phyllotreta striolata and Brevicoryne brassicae. The results showed that, the control effects of 90 g/hm2 and 112.5 g/hm2 30% tolfenpyrad SC on P. xylostella at 7 days after treatment (DAT) were 85.63% and 89.17% in 2018 trials, and 88.54% and 91.34% in 2019 trials, which were higher or significantly higher than that of 13.5 g/hm2 1.8% abamectin EC. At 7 DAT, the above two treatments showed 79.67% and 88.03% control effects on B. brassicae in 2018 trials, and 83.28% and 90.16% control effects in 2019 trials. At 2 DAT, the treatment of 30% tolfenpyrad SC 112.5 g/hm2 showed 74.91% and 72.54% control effects on P. striolata in 2018 and 2019 trials, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of 45 g/hm2 5% acetamiprid EC. This study proved that P. xylostella, P. striolata and B. brassicae could be well controlled by 90-112.5 g/hm2 30% tolfenpyrad SC.

  The 5th Instar Nymph of Picromerus lewisi: Predation Responses to Different Instars of Mythimna seperata SHEN Xiuxian, TIAN Tai’an, LIU Jianfeng, YU Xiaofei, DONG Xiangli, LI Zhimo, YANG Maofa 2022, 38 (3):  116-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0251 Abstract + ( 223 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2212KB )   ( 37 ) The aim is to study the biological control potential of Picromerus lewisi for Mythimna separata. The predation ability of the 5th instar nymphs of Picromerus lewisi on the 3rd to the 6th instar larvae of Mythimna separata was detected under the indoor condition. The results showed that the predation of the 5th instar nymphs of Picromerus lewisi on the 3rd to the 6th instar larvae of Mythimna separata accorded with Holling Ⅱ equation. The average maximum daily prey was the 3rd instar larva (24.390) > the 4th instar larva (7.042) > the 5th instar larva (6.061) > the 6th instar larva (3.690). The instantaneous attack rate was the 3rd instar larva (1.303)> the 4th instar larva (0.404)> the 5th instar larva (0.581)> the 6th instar larva (0.554). With the increase of the density of Mythimna separata at different instars, the searching efficiency of Picromerus lewisi 5th instar nymphs gradually decreased, and the searching efficiency for the 3rd instar larvae was the highest, and a/Th was 31.780. With the increase of the density of the 5th instar nymphs of Picromerus lewisi, the interference effect increased, and the intraspecific interference coefficient was 0.720. This study show that the 5th instar nymphs of Picromerus lewisi could prey on the 3rd to the 6th instar larvae of Mythimna separata, among which the predatory potential for the 3rd instar Mythimna separata is the largest.

  Chitosan: The Action Mechanism on Plant Pathogens and Its Influencing Factors SUI Zhenquan, FAN Jinshi, YIN Chongshan, MAO Jinchao 2022, 38 (3):  121-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0240 Abstract + ( 275 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1196KB )   ( 93 ) Chitosan has excellent antibacterial activity and natural non-toxicity, good biocompatibility, biodegradability and renewability, and extensive raw material sources. In order to fully understand the effect of chitosan on plant pathogens, this paper summarized four kinds of action modes of chitosan on plant pathogens, namely charge effect, sedimentation, chelation and induction, analyzed the main factors affecting the bacteriostatic effects of chitosan on plant pathogen, including pathogen, chitosan, using conditions and the others. Meanwhile, it pointed out some problems in the research field: various methods, different results, and even opposite conclusion of the research on chitosan acting on plant pathogen at present. Adopting advanced equipment, establishing three-dimensional biological cell model and adopting unified research method or developing research standard were suggested to improve the study of chitosan acting on plant pathogen, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel plant disease control agent with chitosan as the active ingredient.

  The Pathogen Identification and Its Biological Characteristics of Chimonanthus salicifolius Leaf Spot Disease WEI Rifeng, PENG Chengbin, CHEN Meixia, ZHANG Zhengxiong, RUAN Junfeng, LIU Wei 2022, 38 (3):  127-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0189 Abstract + ( 202 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 3416KB )   ( 31 ) The isolation, classification and biological characteristics of the pathogens of Chimonanthus salicifolius leaf diseases were studied. The suspected pathogens of leaf spot disease were isolated from the leaves of sick trees from Shouning County in Fujian Province with in vitro tissue culture method. The fungal pathogens were isolated and classified by colonies, spore morphology identification, and rDNA-ITS and TUB sequence analysis. The biological characteristics and optimal growth conditions of mycelia including temperature, pH value, light, carbon source, nitrogen source, and lethal temperature were explored. Based on the colonies, conidiophore morphology, and rDNA-ITS and TUB sequence alignment, the isolated fungal pathogen was classified into Deuteromycotina, Basidiomycetes, Curvularia, Curvularia intermedia. The studies on the biological characteristics and growth conditions of mycelia indicate that the optimal growth temperature is 30℃, the optimum pH is 8; the best carbon sources are glucose, sucrose and maltose; the most preferred nitrogen sources are potassium nitrate, yeast powder and sodium nitrate; the alternations of light and dark conditions could not affect the growth; and the lethal temperature is 52℃. In summary, the major pathogen of leaf spot disease of Chimonanthus salicifolius from Shouning County in Fujian Province is Curvularia intermedia, which possesses high resistances, strong growth activities, and severe pathogenicity in the environment.

  Rice Blast and Bacterial Blight of Regional Trial Rice Varieties in Anhui Province: Resistance Analysis CHEN Qingqing, WANG Chunlin, ZHANG Haishan, ZHANG Aifang 2022, 38 (3):  134-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0246 Abstract + ( 181 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 4207KB )   ( 44 ) The aim is to clarify the resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight of the tested varieties in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2020. The resistance of varieties to rice blast was measured by combining artificial spray inoculation and natural induction, and the resistance of varieties to bacterial blight was measured by leaf shearing method. The results showed that among the 659 rice varieties, 48.10% were moderately susceptible to rice blast, followed by moderately resistant, susceptible and highly susceptible. The resistant varieties accounted for only 1.06%, and there was no highly resistant variety. 51.59% were susceptible to rice bacterial blight, followed by moderately susceptible, moderately resistant, resistant, highly susceptible, and there was no highly resistant variety. The resistance rate of indica rice to rice blast (42.78%) was higher than that of japonica rice (17.89%), and the resistance rate of indica rice to bacterial blight (4.81%) was lower than that of japonica rice (22.81%). The resistance rate of the tested varieties to rice blast decreased year by year, and the resistance rate to bacterial blight showed a ‘decline-up-decline’ trend. The proportion of varieties resistant to both the two diseases was from 1.16% to 3.07%, which increased year by year. It can be seen that the resistance levels of the tested varieties to rice blast and bacterial blight were general, and there were differences in disease resistance between indica rice and japonica rice, and the disease resistance rate varied greatly from year to year.

  Major Biological Disasters of Dry Farming in Sichuan Hilly Areas: Control Strategy and Technology FU Huijuan, LI Xingyue, YI Jun, LI Qiyong, XU Bingzhi, CHEN Youhua, LUO Congcong, ZHANG Hong 2022, 38 (3):  140-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0298 Abstract + ( 171 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1119KB )   ( 61 ) The hilly areas of Sichuan have the largest area and the most concentrated population in the province. Along with the agricultural production center transferring from Chengdu plain to the hilly basin, agriculture in Sichuan hilly areas has become an important part of the provincial economy. In recent years, due to the abnormal climate and the deterioration of ecological environment, agricultural biological disasters have influenced agricultural activities and restricted the agricultural production and economic development in hilly areas. Therefore, in order to carry out agricultural production safely and efficiently, we summarize the prevention and control strategies and technologies of the main biological disasters of dry farming in hilly areas. It is proposed that we should take biological disaster monitoring and early warning as the prerequisite and basis for the control, and strengthen agricultural control measures and plant quarantine inspections by taking chemical, physical, and biological preventive measures. At the same time, we should monitor, diagnose and prevent the occurrence of dry farming diseases, insects, weeds and rats and other biological disasters in hilly areas with the help of high-tech means, so as to accelerate the green development of agriculture in hilly areas and improve the quantity and quality of agricultural products.

  Comparative Analysis on Ecological Comprehensive Rice-Fishery Cultivation of Allogynogenetic gibel Carp ‘CAS Ⅲ’ and Cipangopaludina cahayensis FAN Haiping, XUE Lingzhan, YANG Xiaoyan, ZHANG Shuxing, ZHANG Quanfu, LIN Yu 2022, 38 (3):  148-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0223 Abstract + ( 146 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 36 ) The purposes are to enrich the variety of comprehensive rice-fishery cultivation, make full use of paddy resources, expand market supply and provide an important basis for the steady development of rice fishery comprehensive farming industry in mountainous areas. The comparative analysis on ecological comprehensive rice-fishery cultivation of Allogynogenetic gibel carp ‘CAS Ⅲ’ and Cipangopaludina cahayensis was conducted in Wuyishan City. The results showed that after 139 days of cultivation, the total yield of ‘rice+crucian carp+snail’ model reached 9937.5 kg/hm2, 7.72% higher than ‘rice+crucian carp’ model, but 7.67% lower than ‘rice+snail’ model. The total profit of ‘rice+crucian carp+snail’ was higher than that of ‘rice+crucian carp’ and ‘rice+snail’ model by 25.83% and 77.91% respectively; the comparative benefits of output-input ratio, cost profit and sales profit rate were significantly higher than those of the ‘rice+snail’ model. The ecological farming model of ‘rice+crucian carp+snail’ could effectively improve the comprehensive farming effect of paddy field, but it is also necessary to optimize the key technologies and the mixed proportion of aquatic animal stocking in order to further improve the comparative benefits of rice-fishery cultivation in paddy field.

  Design and Application of Loosen-rake Device Based on Soil Hardening in Crop Sowing Process KANG Xiuli, MA Aiping, CUI Huanhu, JING Hua, WANG Yuzhi, HUANG Xuefang, CHENG Maifeng 2022, 38 (3):  154-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0241 Abstract + ( 172 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1598KB )   ( 73 ) To solve the soil hardening in crop seeding process, effectively extend crop sowing time, shorten the emergence time, improve emergence rate and achieve reasonable population construction, through formulating technical scheme, ‘the loosen-rake device based on soil hardening in crop sowing process’ was developed, which was composed of connecting components, regulating components and rake components. The device was used in combination with the existing ‘rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing and compacting unity machine’ during sowing period in more rainfall years. The rake teeth had the same depth into the soil and met the requirements of agronomic technology, which could effectively solve the soil hardening in sowing process and improve emergence rate. The device had the characteristics of simple structure, simple installation and easy operation. The research can further improve the performance and function of ‘rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing and compacting unity machine’, and provide technical support for seeding, seedling protection and reasonable population construction.

  Research on the Construction of Agricultural Big Data Information Collection Platform LI Tingting, MA Juanjuan, ZHANG Jianhua 2022, 38 (3):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0245 Abstract + ( 178 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2896KB )   ( 54 ) Agricultural big data has become an important means to promote agricultural transformation and upgrading and improve production decision-making. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the significance and objectives of the construction of agricultural big data information collection platform, this paper puts forward the construction idea and overall framework of agricultural big data information collection platform, describes the information collection mode and content mode of the platform, and designs the core functions of the system. The study aims to promote the construction of agricultural information resource system by building agricultural big data information collection platform, and lay the foundation for the development and application of agricultural big data industry.