Current issue

• 2022 Vol.38 No.4 Published:05 February 2022

  Effects of Salt Stress on the Panicle Traits and Yield Components of Rice Cultivars ZHAI Caijiao, ZHANG Jiao, CUI Shiyou, CHEN Pengjun 2022, 38 (4):  1-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0337 Abstract + ( 245 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1415KB )   ( 46 ) To provide a scientific basis for rice planting and high-yield breeding of salt-tolerant rice in coastal tidal flats, the effects of different salt gradients on panicle characters and yield components of salt-tolerant rice were studied. ‘Yangnongdao 1’(V1), ‘Nanjing 5055’(V2) and ‘Tonghaijing 18-2’(V3) were used as test materials. The panicle length, panicle weight, grain number per panicle, branch number, seed setting rate and other panicle characters of rice and yield component factors were measured and analyzed by split zone test under no salt stress 0 g/kg (S0) and salinity stress 1.5 g/kg (S1), 3 g/kg (S2). The results were as follows. (1) Under different salt stress, grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight under S1 level were significantly lower than those under S0 level, and rice yield, effective panicle, grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate under S2 level were lower or significantly lower than those under S0 and S1 level; compared with the level of S0, the branch number, total grains, total filled grains and total grain weight of the primary branches per panicle decreased by 9.10%, 8.69%, 10.03% and 14.47% under the S2 level, respectively; the branch number, total grains, total filled grains, seed setting rate, total grain weight, 1000-grain weight of the secondary branches per panicle decreased by 14.69%, 18.05%, 22.49%, 8.04%, 17.21%, 5.95% under the S2 level, respectively. (2) Among different rice cultivars, compared with non-salt stress, the yield, grain number per panicle, and the branch number, total grain number and total filled grains of the primary and secondary branches under the salt stress (S1, S2) showed that: V3>V1>V2. (3) The relative inhibition rate showed that the grain number per panicle of V1 and V2 was mainly inhibited by salt stress, especially the secondary branch number and the total grain number of secondary branches; however, the relative inhibition rate of salt stress on all the panicle traits of V3 was low. (4) The correlation analysis showed that rice yield had extremely and significantly positive correlation with grain number per panicle, secondary branch number, and had positive correlation with total grain number of the secondary branches; there were significantly positive correlations between rice yield and panicle length, panicle weight, branch number and total grain number of the primary branches, branch number and total grain number of the secondary branches, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate under salt stress. Salt stress has negative effects on rice yield, and the main reason for the decrease of rice yield under salt stress could be the obvious decrease of grain number per panicle, especially the obvious decrease of the number of the secondary branches and the total grain number and the total grain weight of the secondary branches.

  Influence of Remained Leaves on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Tengchong GUAN Luohao, YANG Xin, LI Chao, ZHANG Yanling, ZHANG Guangfu, LI Yongliang, ZHOU Hanping, WANG Guangshan, ZHONG Shuai, DAI Huaxin 2022, 38 (4):  10-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0887 Abstract + ( 234 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1338KB )   ( 42 ) To explore the influence of remained leaves on the yield and quality of tobacco leaves in Tengchong, field experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of different numbers of remained leaves on the agronomic traits, economic traits, physical characteristics, chemical composition, appearance and sensory property of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that with the decreasing number of remained leaves, the plant height of flue-cured tobacco decreased, the length and width of the waist and top leaves increased, and the yield and output value of tobacco showed a decreasing trend. When the number of remained leaves decreased from 22 to 16, the single leaf weight, thickness, density, and filling power of C2F leaves increased significantly, and the percentage stem decreased significantly. The color and maturity scores of C2F leaves were relatively high when the remained leaves were 19, and the scores of B1F body, oil, and color intensity were relatively high when the remained leaves were 22, but there was no significant difference in the total scores of visual appearance among different treatments. As the number of remained leaves decreased, the nicotine content gradually increased, and the sugar/ nicotine ratio gradually decreased. Compared with other treatments, the tobacco leaf aroma quality, aroma amount, miscellaneous, irritation and aftertaste were relatively low when the remained leaves were 16. According to the comprehensive quality of flue-cured tobacco, the suitable numbers of remained leaves in Tengchong are 22 and 19 with 3 bottom leaves removed.

  Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of BvM14-UNG Gene in Sugarbeet M14 Line WANG Shenghao, YU Bing 2022, 38 (4):  16-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0889 Abstract + ( 212 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 3318KB )   ( 46 ) To research the function of Bv-UNG protein in base excision repair (BER) pathway, the full-length cDNA of BvM14-UNG gene of sugarbeet M14 line was obtained by homologous sequence cloning method according to the sequence of UDG coding gene Bv-UNG of diploid cultivated sugarbeet on NCBI and its bioinformatics analysis was carried out. The results show that the gene encodes 374 amino acids, the BvM14-UNG protein shows strong hydrophilicity and is a soluble protein, which is mainly composed of random coils and alpha helices, and has water-activated motif, uracil binding motif, minor groove insertion loop motif, uracil glycosylase inhibitor (UGI) binding site and leucine (Leu) site. BvM14-UNG belongs to UDG-F1 family. BvM14-UNG protein is closely related to BvUNG protein, followed by CqUNG protein. This study lays a foundation for the follow-up study on BvM14-UNG enzyme activity of sugar beet M14 line in BER pathway.

  Effect of Pruning Height in Winter on the Yield and Quality of Mulberry Leaves LOU Dezhao, TU Nana, LU Fuping, WANG Shuchang, WU Huazhou 2022, 38 (4):  23-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0323 Abstract + ( 176 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1349KB )   ( 33 ) To provide certain reference on mulberry pruning in winter, we analyzed the effect of different pruning heights in winter on the yield of mulberry leaves, the number of mulberry branches and leaves, and crude protein content and water content of mulberry leaves in spring. Five different pruning heights (5, 25, 45, 65 and 85 cm) were set in winter management period of mulberry garden by random design, and the local cutting height of 5 cm was the control. After pruning for 60 days and before feeding the silkworms, the yield of mulberry leaves, the number of branches and mulberry leaves, the length of branches, stem diameter, and the water content, ash content and protein content of leaves were measured. With the increase of pruning height, the aboveground morphological indexes of mulberry, such as the yield of mulberry leaves, the length of branches, the number of mulberry leaves and stem diameter first increased and then decreased. When the pruning height was 45 cm, the yield of mulberry leaves was the highest, and the number of branches increased with the winter pruning height. According to the regression curve (R2=0.945) between the yield of mulberry leaves and the pruning height in winter, the yield of mulberry leaves was the highest when the pruning height was 45.29 cm. The correlation analysis showed that, except the number of branches and leaves, there was a significant correlation between the aboveground morphology and the pruning height (P<0.05 or P<0.01). However, there was a negative correlation between the number of branches and leaves and the diameter of stems. With the increase of the pruning height, the water content and crude protein content of leaves at lower and upper position increased first and then decreased. When the pruning height was 45 cm, the water content and crude protein content of leaves were higher compared with those of control, while the ash content of leaves increased with the pruning height. Different pruning heights in winter have a significant effect on the leaf yield and aboveground morphology of mulberry. When the pruning height is 45 cm, the yield and nutritional quality of mulberry leaves are the best.

  Alternanthera philoxeroides in Different Habitats: Occurrence of Stamen Feminization and Its Distribution Pattern Within the Inflorescence ZHANG Riqian, HE Mengying, QIAN Meijiao, ZHANG Xue, LIU Yilin, WAN Chuanjie, ZHANG Zhen 2022, 38 (4):  29-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0355 Abstract + ( 227 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1323KB )   ( 26 ) The authors studied the relationship between the stamen feminization phenomenon of the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its habitat, and explored its reproductive strategy after entering the invasive site, aiming to supplement the invasion theory of this invasive plant and provide a theoretical basis for its integrated control. In this study, the occurrences of stamen feminization in different habitats and different inflorescence positions were investigated using A. philoxeroides as the study material. The degree of stamen feminization at the stamen level and the frequency of stamen feminization at the flower level were used as parameters to measure the occurrence of stamen feminization in A. philoxeroides. The results show that: (1) stamen feminization occurs commonly in A. philoxeroides, and the degree and frequency of feminization are generally high; (2) the degree of stamen feminization in A. philoxeroides in the three habitats is aquatic (5.5032)> wet (5.2403)> dry (5.2066); the frequency of stamen feminization is also aquatic (86.75%)> wet (77.28%)> dry (76.17%); (3) there is no significant difference in the occurrence of stamen feminization in A. philoxeroides from the top to the bottom. Thus, the phenomenon of stamen feminization in A. philoxeroides tends to occur under conditions of sufficient moistre, and the phenomenon shows a relatively uniform distribution pattern within the inflorescence, which is consistent with its characteristic of asexual reproduction as the main mode of reproduction after entering the invasive site.

  Effects of Color Shading on Summer Tea in North China XIAO Wenmin, ZHANG Hong, REN Zhihong, WU Huanhuan, YANG Shengxiang, WANG Junjie, SUN Haiwei 2022, 38 (4):  36-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0274 Abstract + ( 189 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1741KB )   ( 31 ) To explore the effects of shading nets with different colors on tea yield, quality and the microclimate environment of the tea field in northern China during the high-temperature summer season, shading nets with six different colors (black, red, silver-gray, green, blue and yellow) and non-shading control (CK) were set up in a northern tea garden, and the variations of tea field temperature and humidity, tea photosynthesis, tea yield and quality were analyzed. The results indicated that, in comparison with the CK treatment, black nets, silver-gray nets and blue nets had the best temperature reduction and humidification effects; red nets, blue nets and yellow nets were more effective in promoting photosynthesis of tea; red nets, silver-gray nets, blue nets and yellow nets had relatively good yield increasing effect (but the duration of shading needed more attention), and the effect of red nets on the leaf area was the most obvious. In addition, black, green and blue shading nets could improve the content of amino acids, while silver-gray and blue shading nets had a significant reducing effect on the ratio of tea polyphenols to amino acids. Although the adjustment effects of shading nets with different colors on the yield, quality and the microclimate environment of tea field are quite different, in general, the blue nets, red nets and silver-gray nets are beneficial to the cooling and humidifying of tea field, promoting photosynthesis, and increasing yield and quality of summer tea.

  Cultivated Land Quality Grade Evaluation of High-standard Farmland in Guoyang County DING Qixun, TANG Mengmeng, LI Zijie, JIANG Wenjuan, ZHANG Xuewei, MA Youhua 2022, 38 (4):  46-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0252 Abstract + ( 269 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1191KB )   ( 150 ) The study aims to provide reference for the cultivated land quality evaluation and acceptance inspection of newly constructed high-standard farmland. According to the standard of Cultivated Land Quality Grade (GB/T 33469—2016), this paper evaluated the cultivated land quality grade of the newly constructed high-standard farmland by ArcGIS in Guoyang County, Anhui Province. It also analyzed the change of cultivated land quality grade before and after the construction and the improvement degree of the evaluation indexes. The results showed that the average cultivated land quality grade was 3.17 for the newly constructed high-standard farmland in Guoyang, which was increased by 1.07 grade compared with that of before the construction in 2019. The area of high-yield farmland in the project area increased significantly from 439.94 hm 2 to 1653.14 hm2; the area of middle-yield farmland decreased significantly from 2283.65 hm2 to 1144.87 hm2. Through the analysis of subsoiling and land levelling, irrigation and drainage projects, and the shelterbelt projects in the construction of high-standard farmland, this study discussed the effect mechanism of high-standard farmland construction on the evaluation indexes of plough layer thickness, texture of plough layer, irrigation and drainage benefits, farmland windbreak network, obstacle factors and so on.

  The Impact of Climate Warming on Heat Resources Before the Turning Green Stage of Winter Wheat in Central and Northern Shaanxi Province LI Hongmei, QUAN Wenting, ZHANG Shuyu 2022, 38 (4):  53-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0198 Abstract + ( 252 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2703KB )   ( 71 ) Based on the temperature data of 50 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2018 and the investigation data of winter wheat growth periods from 1997 to 2017 in central and northern Shaanxi, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variations of heat resources before the turning green stage of winter wheat under the background of climate change and their potential effects on winter wheat, by using the linear trend estimation, Mann-Kendall test and GIS technique. Meanwhile, the correlations between the key development periods of winter wheat and critical temperature were studied. The results showed that: (1) in central and northern Shaanxi, there were significant correlations between the sowing date of winter wheat and the final day ≥14℃, between the beginning date of winter wheat overwintering stage and the final day ≥0℃, and between the turning green date and the initial day ≥0℃; (2) the average sowing date of Guanzhong plain was 10 days later than that of Weibei plateau, the ten-day average temperature and the accumulated temperature ≥0℃ before winter had an increasing trend in the two regions, the suitable sowing date of winter wheat was gradually postponed with the delaying of the final day ≥14℃, and the delaying trend was particularly obvious in the late 1990s; (3) the beginning date of winter wheat overwintering stage in the southern region was earlier than that in the northern region, but the turning green date showed the opposite distribution; the turning green date of winter wheat had an obvious advance in recent 58 years, but the beginning date of winter wheat overwintering stage had no obvious change; (4) the duration and the negative accumulated temperature during overwintering decreased with the climate warming, while the annual minimum temperature showed an evidently increasing trend in Guanzhong plain. These changes are beneficial to reducing the freezing injury risk of winter wheat, but could weaken the cold resistance of winter wheat and raise the base of overwintering diseases and insect pests.

  Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Extreme Heat During Summer Maize Growing Season in Haihe Plain from 1960 to 2019 WANG Hui, LU Xinhai, DU Meifang, ZHANG Qi 2022, 38 (4):  62-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0182 Abstract + ( 360 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2938KB )   ( 44 ) Under global climate change, frequent extreme heat during summer maize growing season has brought great uncertainty to summer maize yield and attracted wide attention. The interannual and seasonal distribution characteristics of extreme heat during summer maize growing season in Haihe plain was systematically analyzed. The daily maximum temperature data at 26 meteorological stations in the study area from 1960 to 2019 were used to detect extreme heat events, and 35°C was taken as the extreme heat threshold of summer maize. Extreme heat characteristics, including the number and duration of extreme heat events, the number of extreme heat days and the extreme heat degree days during summer maize growing season were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the four extreme heat characteristics all showed an increasing trend from the northeast coastal area to the southwest inland area. The interannual variations of extreme heat characteristics during summer maize growing season from 1960 to 2019 had two obvious change points in 1972 and 1996, and these two change points divided the study years into three periods: strong, weak and strong. From mid June to early July, the number of extreme heat days was the biggest, accounting for 69.8% of the total extreme heat days during June to September. The interannual variation of extreme heat days from late June to late July were most similar with the interannual variation of extreme heat, and could be regarded as the main period affecting the variation of extreme heat during summer maize growing season. The results have certain significance for comprehensively grasping the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of extreme heat in the study area and guiding the production of summer maize.

  Prediction of the Disaster Risk of Overcast and Rainy Days on Flue-cured Tobacco Planting in Yunnan HAN Min, YANG Pengwu, HE Yuqin, HU Xueqiong, ZHU Yong 2022, 38 (4):  69-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0228 Abstract + ( 194 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1922KB )   ( 41 ) To study the effects of future disaster risk changes of overcast and rainy days with ‘spatial and temporal dynamics’ on flue-cured tobacco planting in Yunnan, based on flue-cured tobacco planting suitability index and overcast and rainy grade index, we adopted the approaches of multivariable regression, interpolation and raster calculating in combination with the observed meteorological data from 1981 to 2010 and the RCPs emission scenario forecast results under global climate patterns HadGEM2-ES from 2021 to 2050. The results show that the planting pattern of flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan will be transformed as the weather changes in the future. The suitable areas will expand with the warming climate, while the disaster risk of overcast and rainy days will grow at the same time. The high-risk areas will be increased, while the low-risk areas and medium-risk areas will be narrowed. In the future, the low- risk areas will be transformed into a higher level, and disaster centers will expand northward and eastward. The risk of overcast and rainy days of flue-cured tobacco at all levels will be significantly different under different decadal periods and emission scenarios. The risk will change dramatically under the RCP8.5 scenario, while RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 scenarios will have similar risk changes. In the future, the disaster risk change of overcast and rainy days of flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan will show temporal and spatial increase and difference. To avoid meteorological disasters, agricultural infrastructure construction should be enhanced.

  Quantitative Assessment on Comprehensive Effects of Mulching Films by Integrated Evaluation Index Method HUA Limin, LIU Huiying, XUE Yinghao, LAN Xiping, WANG Yitao, CAI Guangxing 2022, 38 (4):  76-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0261 Abstract + ( 243 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 38 ) In view of the fact that current evaluation method on mulching-film cannot take the comprehensive factors such as crop yield, cost, film residue in soil, soil fertility and mechanical properties of mulching-film into account, in this paper, integrated evaluation index (IEI) was used to quantitatively assess the mulching effects on peanut with different mulching-film products. The membership rates of each index in IEI were determined by upper limited membership function and weight values of evaluation indexes were calculated by correlation analysis method. Based on a three-year location test in sandy soil in northeast China’s semi-arid area, the comprehensive effects of no mulching-film (CK), PE film (PE), biodegradable film (T1) and light-biogenic degradable film (T2) on peanut inter-annual yield, soil quality index (SNI), cost, film residual quantity and film mechanical properties index (MPI) were studied. The results showed that the order of influencing factors for the evaluation of mulching-film products was: MPI, cost, yield, SNI, and film residual quantity. IEI of biodegradable film (T1) and light-biogenic degradable film (T2) was 90.58% and 24.23% higher than that of PE, respectively, IEI of biodegradable film (T1) was 53.41% higher than that of light-biogenic degradable film (T2). Therefore, biodegradable film application is proposed for peanut production in sandy soil in semi-arid area.

  Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen Causing Leaf Spot on Trifolium repens SHANG Na, REN Aizhi, LIU Bing, ZHAO Peibao 2022, 38 (4):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0031 Abstract + ( 256 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1543KB )   ( 31 ) An investigation in Liaocheng of Shandong Province shows that a pathogen causing leaf spot was found on Trifolium repens. Therefore, it is of great significance to find out the pathogen species and provide reference for the prevention and control of the disease. The leaves of T. repens with spot disease collected from Liaocheng were used as materials. The pathogenic bacteria were separated by tissue separation method, and the pathogenicity was verified by Koch's rule. Based on morphological observation, molecular biological method was used to identify pathogenic bacteria. The phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the fungus genetic diversity. The pathogenic bacteria (labelled SY1) isolated from diseased leaves were pathogenic and consistent with the field symptoms. To further classify the taxonomic status of the pathogen, the generic fungal primers ITS4/ITS5 were used for PCR amplification and sequencing. Sequence analysis showed that the SY1 was 100% similar to Alternaria arborescens (serial number: KC464334.1), and gathered together on the phylogenetic tree. According to the morphological characteristics and gene sequence identification results, the pathogen of T. repens leaf spot was identified as A. arborescens, which was the first report of A. arborescens causing T. repens leaf spot in China.

  Detection and Integrated Control Technology of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ZENG Duanxiang, YU Xiyue, YU Jingwen, JIA Jianping, PENG Deliang, HUANG Wenkun 2022, 38 (4):  86-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0992 Abstract + ( 431 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1149KB )   ( 62 ) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is one of the major forest diseases in the world, which seriously threatens forest resources and ecological environment. China is one of the most seriously infected countries by B. xylophilus. Up to 2020, pine woods in 18 provinces of China were infected by B. xylophilus and the epidemic areas reached 1.8092 million hm2. The number of dead pine trees was 19.47 million and the incidence areas were increasing continuously. In order to prevent and control this nematode disease, China has adopted disease detection and epidemic monitoring methods, combined with other integrated management measures. The study reviewed the occurrence, infection, pathogenic mechanism, monitoring and detection technology, and integrated control technology of B. xylophilus, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the damage of B. xylophilus in the future.

  Oviposition Preference of Bactrocera dorsalis on Peach GUO Tengda, GONG Qingtao, SUN Ruihong, WU Haibin, JIANG Lili 2022, 38 (4):  92-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0266 Abstract + ( 273 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1640KB )   ( 27 ) To evaluate the risk of Bactrocera dorsalis to peach, ‘Okubo’, ‘Kawanakajima’, ‘Zhongpan 11’, ‘Daifei’, ‘Zhonghuashoutao’ and the immature, nearly mature and mature fruits of ‘Laishanmi’ were selected as materials to explore the oviposition amount of B. dorsalis on different varieties and three mature degrees of peach. Then the physiological indexes were determined to analyze the correlation between fruit quality and the oviposition amount of B. dorsalis. And several kinds of fruit bags commonly used in production were selected to test their blocking effect on the oviposition of B. dorsalis. The observation of peaches of different colors showed that B. dorsalis preferred to lay their eggs on the bright red peaches, followed by the yellow peaches, and the least favorite was the green peaches. There was also a significant difference in the oviposition amount in different varieties of peaches, in an order of ‘Kawanakajima’> ‘Okubo’> ‘Daizong’> ‘Zhongpan 11’. Among the fruits with different maturity degrees, the oviposition amount was in an order of near mature> mature> immature. And the results showed that paper bag and transparent plastic bag could completely block the oviposition of B. dorsalis on peach fruit, while non-woven bag and 60 mesh bag could partially block the oviposition. The preference of B. dorsalis to different peach varieties and fruit maturity was determined. Oviposition preference is affected by fruit color, pericarp structure, pulp hardness and other factors. Fruit color changing period is the key control period of B. dorsalis. Selecting fruit bags with good light transmittance and small pores for secondary bagging can not only control the damage to B. dorsalis to mid-late ripening peach, but also ensure the coloring and improve the sugar content.

  Influence and Correction of Solvent Standard and Matrix Standard on Pesticide Residue Detection Results QIANG Shengjun, LIU Yurong, LI Gang 2022, 38 (4):  99-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0422 Abstract + ( 220 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1497KB )   ( 29 ) To investigate the matrix-effect response characteristics and optimize the detection methods, an experiment was conducted on representative vegetables (heading cabbage) and fruits (peach) in Baiyin City, Gansu Province, which could eliminate or compensate for the adverse effect caused by matrix effect as much as possible. The solvent standard and matrix standard effect on pesticide residue detection (PRD) results were experimentally studied, and the optimization method of matrix standard correction was put forward. The results show that heading cabbage and peach have significant matrix effect on PRD results, and matrix effect of peach is more significant than that of heading cabbage. Peach has obvious enhancement matrix effect on omethoate, isocarbophos, profenofos and procymidone. Heading cabbage has obvious enhancement matrix effect on triazophos, but has no obvious matrix effect on chlorpyrifos and bifenthrin. The matrix effect of peach on organophosphorus pesticides is higher than organochlorine pesticides, but there is no obvious tendency for pesticide types in heading cabbage. Compared with the solvent standard, the matrix-standard correction method is more accurate, which can effectively eliminate the influence of matrix effect on the accuracy of PRD results. Moreover, the optimization method of matrix standard correction is proved to be feasible.

  Changes of Physical and Chemical Indexes of Tobacco Leaves Sealed with Hypoxia After Unsealing HUNAG Lei, LI Yimeng, ZHONG Shuai, JIN Baofeng, GAO Jinjun, WANG Xiaoyuan, GUAN Luohao, WANG Chuliang, HUANG Wanting, LI Min 2022, 38 (4):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0418 Abstract + ( 170 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1408KB )   ( 24 ) After recuring, tobacco leaves usually have some qualities that cannot meet the taste requirement of the market, enterprises usually need to mellow the redried tobacco leaves for a period of time to coordinate the internal chemical components of tobacco leaves and improve the quality, and the technology of tobacco leaves sealed with hypoxia is often used. This study explored the changes of iodine value, pH, color difference value, polyphenol oxidase activity, appearance quality and sensory quality of tobacco leaves within 3 months after sealing, aiming to lay a foundation for the storage management, quality assurance and use of the tobacco leaves. The results showed that the iodine value of tobacco leaves gradually increased within 3 months after the unsealing, and the pH dropped rapidly within 1 month of unsealing and gradually remained stable after 2-3 months, the color difference values fluctuated, and the activity of polyphenol oxidase gradually increased. In addition, the polyphenol oxidase activity of the samples sealed for 3 months under hypoxia was significantly lower than those of the samples under natural storage for 3 months after unsealing, the pH value and polyphenol oxidase activity also had a smaller change range than that of the unsealing samples, and the change range was close to that under natural storage for 1 month after unsealing. Appearance color evaluation showed that natural storage for 3 months after unsealing had the greatest impact on the color value of Hunan Xiangxi B2F tobacco leaves, followed by the impact on aroma and chromaticity, but had no effect on the uniformity and oil content of the tobacco leaves. Besides, natural storage had a relatively great impact on the color, uniformity and chromaticity of Yunnan Wenshan C3F, and basically had no effect on aroma and oil content. And the two storage methods, natural storage for 3 months after unsealing and continuous sealed with hypoxia for 3 months, had almost no effect on the appearance color evaluation scores of tobacco leaves. The study evaluates the properties’ change of tobacco leaves stored in hypoxia after unsealing and lay a foundation for the processing and application of tobacco leaves stored in hypoxia after unsealing.

  Optimization of Extraction Technology for Hesperidin and Naringin from Citri medica var. sarcodactylis Under Ultrasonic-Assisted Response Surface Methodology WANG Xiangping, ZHANG Jianhai, FENG Binbin 2022, 38 (4):  113-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0280 Abstract + ( 228 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 2960KB )   ( 28 ) To optimize the extraction conditions of hesperidin and naringin from Wanzhou cultivated Citri medica var. sarcodactylis, ultrasonic-assisted response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction. Based on the single-factor test of ultrasonic extraction time, ethanol volume, ultrasonic extraction temperature and liquid-to-solid ratio, several factors affecting the contents of hesperidin and naringin in Wanzhou cultivated C. medica var. sarcodactylis were investigated, and the effects of the four aforementioned conditions on the contents of hesperidin and naringin were examined by Box-Behnken test design and response surface analysis, and the RP-HPLC method was used to determine the contents of hesperidin and naringin. The results showed that the optimal ultrasonic-assisted extraction process was ultrasonic extraction time of 26 minutes, the volume fraction of ethanol of 82%, ultrasonic extraction temperature of 62℃, and the mass ratio of C. medica var. sarcodactylis to ethanol of 1:22 (g/mL); the content of hesperidin and naringin in Wanzhou cultivated C. medica var. sarcodactylis was 0.072%±0.315% and 0.082%±0.753%, respectively, which were consistent with the predicted values. The present study is conducted for the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of hesperidin and naringin from Wanzhou cultivated C. medica var. sarcodactylis, the technology is of high process reliability and high extraction rate of active ingredients, which is suitable for industrial production and promotion.

  The Contents and Anti-tumor Activity of Main Chemical Components of Scutellaria baicalensis from Different Origins: A Comparative Study FANG Jiamin, ZENG Weimin, ZHANG Yanlong 2022, 38 (4):  120-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0248 Abstract + ( 382 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1496KB )   ( 28 ) The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of different origins on the contents of the chemical components and anti-tumor activity Scutellaria baicalensis. The study used HPLC chromatography to determine the contents of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonin of S. baicalensis from different origins, and CCK-8 method to detect the inhibition of A549 lung cancer cell proliferation. The results show that there are significant differences in the contents of chemical components of S. baicalensis samples from different origins. The content of baicalin from high to low is Boli of Heilongjiang> Juxian of Shandong> Dingxi of Gansu> Yuncheng of Shanxi; the content of wogonoside from high to low is Boli of Heilongjiang> Dingxi of Gansu> Juxian of Shandong> Yuncheng of Shanxi; the content of baicalein from high to low is Boli of Heilongjiang> Juxian of Shandong> Yuncheng of Shanxi> Dingxi of Gansu; and the wogonin content from high to low is Boli of Heilongjiang> Yuncheng of Shanxi> Juxian of Shandong> Dingxi of Gansu. As shown above, the contents of the chemical components of S. baicalensis in Boli of Heilongjiang rank the first among those from the 4 origins. The extract of S. baicalensis has an inhibitory effect on A549 lung cancer cells, and the effect is related to the contents of the chemical components and dose-dependent. The experimental results can provide reference for the development and rational use of medicinal resources of S. baicalensis.

  Effect of High-Voltage Positive Electrostatic Field on the Surface Hydrophilicity of Lemon SUN Chenglong, XUE Xinyu, LU Yuanyuan, SONG Yanbo, LIU Zhenyu 2022, 38 (4):  127-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0193 Abstract + ( 254 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1575KB )   ( 32 ) The paper aims to investigate the effects of different electrostatic field parameters on the hydrophilic molecules of lemon epidermal wax in the process of electrostatic preservation. In this study, palmitic acid molecule was used as the research object, and the effects of high-voltage positive electrostatic field on the surface hydrophilicity of lemon were measured by combining the molecular simulation with theoretical analysis and experimental research. The results show that 180 kV/m positive electrostatic field strength is predicted by Materials Studio software, under this level, the MSD index and dipole moment value of palmitic acid are the minimum, and the hydrophilicity is the lowest. Further, it was detected by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer that the hydroxyl group inhibition effect of palmitic acid was the best after treatment at 200 kV/m for 6 days. The surface wettability is analyzed by Photoshop software, and the best effect is finally verified under 200 kV/m for 6 d. In this experiment, the electrostatic field parameters suitable for lemon storage are preliminarily selected, which could provide a theoretical basis for selecting the appropriate electrostatic field strength in future application process.

  Knowledge Map of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Control Based on CiteSpace ZHANG Xiaoqing, LI Ya, WEI Shan, REN Dajun, ZHANG Shuqin 2022, 38 (4):  133-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0220 Abstract + ( 151 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 2829KB )   ( 85 ) To understand the global research trends and hotspots of soil heavy metal pollution prevention and control, the CiteSpace was used for a visualized analysis of the number of articles, authors, institutions, keywords, and the co-cited network of documents from 2006-2019 on soil heavy metal pollution control based on the literature from the core collections of the Web of Science database, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang. The results showed that the literature items of Chinese and English increased steadily from 2006 to 2019, which probably would continue to increase in the future. Countries with the largest number of papers have leading agricultural industry, such as China, the United States, Spain and India. The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences was the research institution with the largest number of Chinese publications, while the Chinese Academy of Sciences was the research institution with the highest number of English publications, indicating that China had strong academic influence in this research field. Compared with international research institutions, Chinese companies, universities and research institutions should further strengthen academic exchange and cooperation. The largest number of studies was about heavy metals of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper, and current research hotspots of remediation methods were phytoremediation, leaching remediation and biochar remediation. Meanwhile, most domestic researches were carried on farmland soil compared with other types of soil, which might be closely related to the importance given by national and local government to soil environment quality and agricultural product safety. The soil risk assessment and pollution control system have not been well built in China yet, which should be further explored.

  Research Progress and Status of Perilla frutescens Based on Web of Science ZHANG Xinrui, FENG Qixin, AN Qiyun, CHENG Li, LI Chongwei 2022, 38 (4):  144-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0295 Abstract + ( 402 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1600KB )   ( 41 ) To further clarify the current research situation and progress of Perilla frutescens, this paper sorted out the relevant literature of P. frutescens research published by domestic and foreign scientific research institutes from 1997 to 2021 based on the Web of Science database. The results showed that in the past 25 years, the output of P. frutescens related papers worldwide was on the rise, which reached the peak of 120 papers per year in both 2019 and 2020. The top three countries with most published papers were Japan, South Korea and China, and Japan had the largest number of 525 during the 25 years. Kyoto University, Nagoya City University and Seoul University were the research institutes with most published papers. The main core journals were Food Science and Biotechnology, Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Biological Pharmaceutical Bulletin. The research interests mainly focused on perilla oil, rosmarinic acid, anthocyanins, antioxidant and a-linolenic acid. According to various statistical data, Japan and South Korea were in a leading position in P. frutescens research. It can be seen that a variety of active components in P. frutescens have very good health care effects, and P. frutescens should attract more attention from Chinese scholars.

  Comparative Analysis of Nutrient Compositions in Different Tissues of Female Tri-Spine Horseshoe Crab Tachypleus tridentatus CHEN Zhi, CHEN Duhuang, QIN Zhiqing, XU Shan, ZHOU Minglong 2022, 38 (4):  153-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0310 Abstract + ( 265 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 29 ) The nutrient compositions of different tissues of adult female tri-spine horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus were determined and analyzed to explore the nutritional requirements during spawning period as well as to promote their gonadal development and egg cell maturation. The important nutrient components, including amino acids and fatty acids, of muscles, yellow connective tissues and eggs were measured using the Chinese national standard biochemical analysis methods. The results show that the compositions of common nutrients, amino acids and fatty acid, but not their levels, are similar among the tissues. The muscle tissues have the highest moisture level (77.5%), the egg crude protein content is the highest (27.9%), and the yellow connective tissues record the highest contents of crude lipid (16.5%), ash (1.6%), calcium (1220 mg/kg) and phosphorus (107 mg/100 g). There are 17 kinds of amino acids and 13 kinds of fatty acids in the three tissues, in which amino acid Glu, fatty acids palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) are the highest. The relative contents of fatty acids DHA and EPA in the three tissues are the highest in eggs, followed by those of yellow connective tissue and muscle. These results indicate that the muscle of adult female T. tridentatus is characterized by the high protein and low lipid contents, while the eggs are rich in amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids. The findings are useful for the conservation and sustainable use of horseshoe crab stock resources, and their nutritional value evaluation.

  Comparative Study on Biological Indexes and Meat Nutritional Value of Cyprinus carpio Under Earth Pond Reared Mode and Rice Field Reared Mode LIU Yuting, HUANG Shiyu, LI Liujia, ZHAO Tianzhang, LI Huiying, SU Zifeng, LONG Xiaowen 2022, 38 (4):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0318 Abstract + ( 255 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1293KB )   ( 34 ) This study aims to investigate the differences of biological indexes and meat nutrients of Cyprinus carpio from earth pond reared mode and rice field reared mode (earth pond reared is defined as ER and rice field reared as RR, respectively). Three ER and three RR carps (approximately 800 g) were collected to measure and compare the biological indexes. In addition, the contents of conventional nutrients, amino acids and fatty acids of meat were analyzed and compared between ER and RR. The results showed that the condition factor and meat yield of ER were significantly higher than those of RR, while higher caudal peduncle length/caudal peduncle depth ratio was recorded in RR. Higher contents of crude fat, crude protein, ash, total essential amino acids, total nonessential amino acids, total amino acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids, and the essential amino acid score of meat were detected in ER, while significantly higher contents of total polyunsaturated fatty acids, ∑n-6 PUFA, and total highly unsaturated fatty acids were recorded in RR. In conclusion, the RR has slender body, lower meat yield and lower conventional nutrient contents; the meat amino acids contents of ER are higher than that of RR, while the meat fatty acids composition of carps of the two modes has their own advantages, respectively.