Current issue

• 2024 Vol.40 No.8 Published:15 March 2024

  Effect of Planting Density on Lodging Resistance and Yield of Flax YANG Zhiwei, QIAN Aiping, ZHANG Wei, CAO Xiuxia 2024, 40 (8):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0291 Abstract + ( 124 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1341KB )   ( 52 ) To explore the effect of planting density on lodging resistance and yield of flax, ‘Ningya No. 21’ was selected as the material, which was planted in a large area of irrigated land in the southern mountainous area of Ningnan. Lodging resistance and yield composition under different planting densities were studied by setting four planting densities, including 30×105, 45×105, 60×105 and 75×105plants/hm2. The results showed that with the increase of planting density, the stem bending resistance, stem thickness, stem wall thickness, lignin content, effective fruit number and yield per plant decreased gradually, and the yield increased first and then decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the stem bending resistance was extremely correlated with stem diameter, stem wall thickness and crown weight, the lignin content and lodging rate were significantly negatively correlated. Considering the increase of yield and efficiency, good lodging resistance and relatively stable yield, it is recommended that the planting density of ‘Ningya No. 21’ in irrigated land in the southern mountainous area of Ningnan is 45×105 plants/hm2.

  Research Progress on the Extraction, Preparation and Uses of Matrigel ZHANG Hanyi, WANG Tianyi, LU Huitian, ZHANG Tao 2024, 40 (8):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0327 Abstract + ( 88 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1109KB )   ( 25 ) The basement membrane is a specialized structure of extracellular matrix, which exists in most tissues. It not only provides supporting structure for various cell types such as epithelial cells, endothelial cells, nerve cells, muscle cells, but also plays an important role in maintaining the tissue structure and function. Matrigel is the soluble basement membrane preparation extracted from the mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumors rich in extracellular matrix protein. It contains almost all components of the basement membrane and can mimic its biological properties, which becomes the crucial biological material for many experimental models in life science research, especially the important media of organoids. In this review, the biological characteristics of matrigel, its extraction and preparation technology, and its main uses are summarized, and its potential application fields and values are discussed. Additionally, the current status of its production both at home and abroad and the existing problems are analyzed, and the future development trend of matrigel production is prospected. This study aims to provide reference for the development and application of matrigel in China.

  Physiological Response and Cold Resistance Evaluation of the Shoots of Gleditsia sinensis under Low Temperature Stress CHEN Si, HAN Lijun, HAO Xiangchun, ZHOU Shuai, ZHANG Junchen 2024, 40 (8):  12-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0267 Abstract + ( 71 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1714KB )   ( 20 ) This study aims to assess the cold resistance of the shoots of G. sinensis by analyzing the difference of cold resistance among its different clones, providing theoretical basis for the cultivation and breeding of cold resistant varieties of G. sinensis. One-year-old shoots of 11 clones of G. sinensis were selected as experimental materials, the relative electrical conductivity (REC) of them under different low temperature conditions (5 ℃, 0 ℃, -5 ℃, -10 ℃, -15 ℃, -20 ℃, -25 ℃) was measured and analyzed, respectively. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used based on the results of REC. The anatomical structure of shoots, reflection spectrum, contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of super oxide dismutase (SOD) were studied under low temperature stress to analyze the difference of cold resistance among the clones. The results showed that there were some differences in the variations of REC in the shoots of all clones under the low temperature stress. There were some characteristics in clones with a stronger cold resistance, including a larger ratio of xylem, a smaller ratio of cortex and phloem in the cross-sectional area of branches, and higher values of NDVI, ARI2, SIPI and CRI2 parameters. At the same time, these clones presented the characteristics of low MDA contents and high SOD activities. The cold resistance of the 11 shoots of G. sinensis was in order of ‘Yangjiaozao’>‘LKHD5’>‘Beishandi’>‘Shuaijia 3 hao’>‘Niujiayu’>‘302’>‘Helin 1 hao’>‘Jiantoucun’>‘Xijia 2 hao’>‘LKHD4’>‘LKSD’.

  Effects of Different Substrates on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Rhizophora stylosa Seedlings JIA Xianglu, OUYANG Zilong, LIU Jiazhe, FAN Donghan, TENG Weichao, LIU Xiu 2024, 40 (8):  21-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0265 Abstract + ( 70 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1349KB )   ( 25 ) This study aims to select the suitable substrate for the growth of Rhizophora stylosa seedlings, improve the cultivation efficiency and environmental adaptability. In this study, four different substrate ratios of sand, sand: mud (7:3), sand: mud (3:7), and mud were set up to determine the growth indexes, biomass, root morphological indexes and physiological indexes of Rhizophora stylosa seedlings under different substrate ratios. The results showed that the seedlings treated with sand: mud (7:3) had higher growth indexes, root indexes, biomass, photosynthetic pigment content and active oxygen scavenging ability, which was conducive to growth and development. With the increase of mud proportion, all the growth physiological indexes of the Rhizophora stylosa seedlings decreased. The nutrient content of sand is lower than that of mud, so it is necessary to pay close attention to the nutrient requirement and supplement nutrient input in time. The composite scores of principal components showed that sand: mud (7:3) was the best seedling medium for Rhizophora stylosa.

  Research Progress of Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Common Medicinal Plants of Ilex CHENG Gong, ZHANG Jianhong, YUAN Huwei, ZHENG Bingsong, YAN Daoliang 2024, 40 (8):  30-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0318 Abstract + ( 59 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1245KB )   ( 11 ) Plants of Ilex have high medicinal value. They generally contain triterpenoids, flavonoids and other chemical components. They can reduce blood lipids, protect cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, and fight bacteria and inflammation in clinical practice. With the development of science and technology and the discovery of the medicinal value of Ilex, great progress has been made in the research of Ilex. This paper summarized the research progress of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of commonly used medicinal plants of Ilex in recent years and put forward relevant suggestions, which would provide reference for the systematic research of Ilex in the future and facilitated the better utilization of resources.

  Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Weibei Loess Tableland ZHANG Shijie, YANG Bo, WANG Bingang, LIU Yun, ZHANG Xifeng, WANG Wenli, WANG Zeli, LI Shan 2024, 40 (8):  38-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0219 Abstract + ( 64 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1438KB )   ( 14 ) Studying the effects of organic fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco yield and quality can provide a theoretical basis for the application of organic fertilizer partially replacing chemical fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco production regions in Weibei dry plateau of Shaanxi Province. Through a combination of field experiment, laboratory chemical analysis and sensory evaluation, the effects of partially replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on the growth, development, yield, chemical composition, sensory evaluation of smoking quality, and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco were investigated. The results showed that replacing 20% to 40% of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer was beneficial for the early maturity of flue-cured tobacco. During the maturity stage, it led to a decrease in the SPAD value of the forth leaves of tobacco by 5.63% to 6.83%. Compared to conventional fertilization, the proportion of upper-medium grade tobacco leaves increased by 19.94% to 29.76% when organic fertilizer partially replaced 20% to 40% of chemical fertilizer. The total output value and net output value increased by 4.70% to 6.96% and 8.12% to 20.26%, respectively. The comprehensive consuming evaluation score was significantly higher in 10% of chemical fertilizer replaced by organic fertilizer treatment than other treatments. Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the 11 indicators representing the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The treatment with organic fertilizer partially replacing 30% of chemical fertilizer obtained the highest overall score, followed by the treatment with organic fertilizer replacing 20% of chemical fertilizer, and then the treatment with organic fertilizer replacing 40% of chemical fertilizer. In the dry terraced tobacco area of the northern Wei River Valley in Shaanxi, replacing 20% to 40% of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer can promote the inherent coordination of tobacco chemical composition, significantly enhance tobacco maturity, increase the proportion of upper-medium grade tobacco leaves, and improve the economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco.

  Effect of Potassium Application Rate on Absorption, Transport and Yield of Maize Potassium ZHANG Zhengzhen, MU Ruirui, WANG Jia, XU Can, CHEN Yongwei, ZHANG Zhansheng, WU Hongliang, KANG Jianhong 2024, 40 (8):  47-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0292 Abstract + ( 62 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1590KB )   ( 13 ) To study the response of maize population dry matter, yield, nutrient absorption and transport to potassium, a field experiment was conducted in Pingjibao, Yinchuan City, Ningxia from 2018 to 2019, with 6 potassium fertilizer dosages of 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg/hm2. The results showed that potassium application significantly improved the dry matter accumulation, potassium absorption, transportation and utilization efficiency of corn. The best potassium application rate was 180 kg/hm2, and the dry matter accumulation in the mature stage increased by 3.04% to 13.80% compared to the control, while the potassium accumulation in the ear increased by 32.17% to 42.57% compared to the control. Under potassium application, the potassium transport amount increased by 20.28%-68.73%, the potassium transport rate increased by 10.16%-30.37%, and the contribution rate of transported nutrients to grains increased by 20.40%-67.71%. Compared with other potassium application treatments, the potassium absorption and utilization efficiency of 180 kg/hm2 increased by 20.09%-247.97%, the potassium agronomic utilization efficiency increased by 37.47%-221.27%, and the yield increased by 6.99%-18.14%. Taking into account factors such as corn yield, nutrient accumulation and transportation, and fertilizer utilization, the potassium application rate of 180 kg/hm2 was more suitable under the experimental conditions

  Effects of Biochar and Modified Biochar Application on Phosphorus Leaching in the Coastal Saline-alkaline Paddy Soil GONG Xia, CHEN Mengmeng, WANG Zhaojie, DING Xiaodong 2024, 40 (8):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0309 Abstract + ( 54 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1357KB )   ( 18 ) Aiming at the problems of low phosphorus (P) availability and serious leaching in saline-alkaline paddy soil of Yellow River Delta, the effects of biochar and modified biochar addition on soil P availability and P leaching risk were investigated by field experiments. There were four treatments: (1) control, CK; (2) conventional fertilization, NPK; (3) conventional fertilization + straw source biochar 8000 kg/hm2; (4) conventional fertilization + straw source iron modified biochar 8000 kg/hm2. The results showed that, compared with NPK treatment, the content of total P was significantly increased with the addition of biochar and modified biochar, and the content of available P increased by more than 41%. Soil P content decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the soil total P content was the lowest in 60-80 cm soil in modified biochar added treatment. Meanwhile, soil metal oxides, soil organic carbon and dissolution organic carbon were positively correlated with soil total P, available P and water-soluble P, indicating that soil P, metal oxides and organic matter may co-migrate in soil profile. Soil P saturation decreased after the addition of modified biochar, which further indicated that the addition of modified biochar reduced the risk of soil P leaching. Therefore, biochar especially modified biochar, plays an important role in increasing soil P availability and reducing soil P leaching in the Yellow River Delta.

  Effects of Optimal Fertilization on Yield, Nutrient Utilization and Soil Fertility of Edible Sweet Potato YANG Han, HUANG Zhimou, QU Heping, CHAI Shasha, LI Yuwei, ZHAO Qingchun, QIN Xiaoyin 2024, 40 (8):  63-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0307 Abstract + ( 57 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1304KB )   ( 9 ) To realize the promotion of quality and efficiency of edible sweet potato, ‘Yanshu 25’ was used as the test variety in the experiment. Four different treatments were set up: no fertilization, customary fertilization, optimized fertilization, optimized fertilization+organic fertilizer. We compared the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nutrients, yields, dry matter distribution of ‘Yanshu 25’, and absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The results showed that: fertilization practices improved soil nutrients content effectively. Optimized fertilization + organic fertilizer treatment increased the single potato weight and fresh potato yields significantly of ‘Yanshu 25’, promoted the transport of biological yields and dry matter allocation to sweet potato tuber, increased the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in stem leaf, tuber and total biomass. The tuber production efficiency of nitrogen and potassium and the harvest index were significantly improved compared with conventional fertilization.

  Study on Drought of Spring Maize Based on Scintillation Flux and Soil Moisture DAI Xinyu, LIU Cong, LI Qi, DEKYI Droma, WU Dongli 2024, 40 (8):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0321 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1439KB )   ( 9 ) To identify drought conditions at different fertility stages within the growing season of spring maize in Huailai County, Hebei Province, this study calculated a revised crop water deficit index (RCWDI) by using the actual evapotranspiration instead of potential evapotranspiration for spring maize in 2021 in Huailai County, Hebei Province based on the data from the large-aperture scintillometer observation system. According to the actual drought grade of spring maize obtained by soil relative humidity, the drought grade of RCWDI was reconstructed and verified by the data of 2019. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between precipitation and actual evapotranspiration during the fertility period of spring maize in 2021 in Huailai County, and the cumulative value of the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration could reflect the drought situation of spring maize. The drought of spring maize in Huailai County in 2021 mainly occurred from sowing to jointing stage. Drought ratings obtained by RCWDI in 2019 are up to 80% similar to those based on soil moisture. The study shows that the revised crop water deficit index and its drought grade based on scintillation flux have certain applicability.

  Effects of Peanut and Green Fertilizer Rotation on Soil Water Content and Soil Fertility YU Shuhui, ZHU Guoliang, MU Xiaoling, DONG Hao, SHI Guifang, ZHENG Zheng, ZHANG Weijian 2024, 40 (8):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0340 Abstract + ( 66 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1356KB )   ( 10 ) To explore the effects of green fertilizer planting on spring peanut nutrient content, soil moisture content and soil fertility of later crops on bare land in winter and spring, and to provide a theoretical basis for establishing a reasonable rotation mode in spring peanut and other idle winter fields in Shandong, four rotation modes of spring peanut—winter idle field, summer peanut—winter wheat, spring peanut—Orychophragmus violaceus and spring peanut—vicia villosa were set up under the field experiment conditions. The results showed that planting the green fertilizer crops of Orychophragmus violaceus and vicia villosa could promote the increase of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of later crops, and the increase degree of Orychophragmus violaceus was higher than that of vicia villosa. Planting green fertilizer crops of Orychophragmus violaceus and vicia villosa could improve soil moisture content and soil fertility of later crops. In 0-20 cm soil layer, soil moisture content of spring peanut—Orychophragmus violaceus and spring peanut—vicia villosa in 2021 increased by 4.70% and 6.14%, respectively, compared with spring peanut—winter idle field. Similar trends were also observed in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers, and a similar pattern was observed in 2022 compared with 2021. Compared with spring peanut—winter idle field, the contents of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in spring peanut—Orychophragmus violaceus treatment increased by 5.71%, 8.98%, 7.22% and 7.72% on average, while the contents of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in spring peanut—vicia villosa treatment increased by 4.54% and 14.91% on average. In conclusion, green fertilizer can be planted on bare land in winter and spring during spring peanut planting to promote the increase of nutrient accumulation of later crops and improve soil fertility.

  Effects of Straw Mulching on the Soil Moisture and Temperature YANG Qingnan, GAO Shijun, ZHANG Hepu, XU Jinzhong 2024, 40 (8):  80-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0319 Abstract + ( 48 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1485KB )   ( 7 ) The study aims to investigate the change pattern of soil moisture and temperature under straw mulching and traditional tillage and the response to rainfall, with a view to providing a hydrothermal theoretical basis for the development of key protective utilization technology of straw mulching. With the help of the field location moisture content and temperature monitor, the monitoring data were fed back every 60 minutes. The process characteristics of soil moisture and temperature changes after straw mulching and traditional tillage were continuously monitored and recorded. The results showed that: (1) soil moisture content was greatly affected by the rainfall, and soil temperature was greatly affected by the air temperature. (2) Compared with traditional tillage, straw mulching could increase soil water content and soil temperature. (3) The variation trend of soil moisture content under straw mulching was similar to a parabola. There was a lag period of rainfall on soil moisture content recharge after straw mulching. Soil moisture content could be maintained for a period of time after increasing, and with the deepening of soil depth, the high water content remained unchanged for a longer time. (4) The variation trend of soil temperature under straw mulching was basically consistent with traditional tillage. With the deepening of soil depth, soil temperature decreased gradually. The closer to the ground, the more dramatic temperature changes were found. However, the range of soil temperature fluctuation after straw mulching was smaller than that of traditional tillage. Straw mulching had better effects of heat preservation and soil moisture preservation, which reduced the influence of low temperature stress on the soil.

  Experimental Study on the Struvite Crystallization on Composting of Banana Stalk TENG Qing, LIN Xuanjie, LIU Wei 2024, 40 (8):  86-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0285 Abstract + ( 49 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1192KB )   ( 5 ) Banana stalk is an agricultural waste, which is often discarded directly by farmers and further cause environmental pollution. To promote the recycling of banana stalk, magnesium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were added during the composting process of banana stalk to produce high-quality fertilizer which containing ammonium magnesium phosphate to achieve its resource utilization. The experiment was designed as two treatments, blank treatment (banana straw + EM composting bacteria), experimental treatment (banana straw + EM composting bacteria + magnesium chloride + potassium dihydrogen phosphate), and each treatment was three parallels. The results showed that the nutrient content of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the blank group at the end of compost. The alkaline nutrient content of the blank treatment and the experimental treatment were 996.8 and 1974.0 mg/kg, respectively. The alkaline nitrogen content of the experimental treatment was about twice that of the blank treatment. The effective phosphorus content of the blank treatment and experimental treatment were 0.53 and 12.03 g/kg, accounting for 7.91% and 38.35% of the total phosphorus content, respectively. Adding magnesium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to banana stalk compost can effectively reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, increases the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in compost products, and effectively realizes the resource utilization of banana stalk.

  Effects of Exogenous Additives on Soil Fertility Under Different Land Use Type DENG Bo, GUO Peng, WEI Leijia, CHEN Shangmao, MA Ze, CHEN Dan, BI Lidong 2024, 40 (8):  91-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0569 Abstract + ( 63 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1363KB )   ( 19 ) To clarify the effects of exogenous additives on soil fertility under different land uses types (forest land, paddy field and dry field) and to provide reference for the use of exogenous additives in agricultural production and environmental management. Four exogenous additives including quicklime (1 g/kg), fulvic acid (10 g/kg), fish pond sediment (250 g/kg) and biochar (15 g/kg), were added to soil samples from forest land, paddy field and dry field to study the effects of quicklime, fulvic acid, fish pond sediment and biochar on the content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of the soil. The results showed that, under the same exogenous additives, the content of soil available nitrogen in different land uses showed the trend of dry field>forest land>paddy field, the content of soil available phosphorus showed the trend of cultivated layer paddy field>dry field>forest land and plow bottom dry field>paddy field>forest land, and the content of soil available potassium did not have any obvious pattern. Quicklime had no significant effect on the content of soil available nitrogen, which would increase the content of soil available phosphorus by 14.87% on average and reduce the content of soil available potassium by 6.19% on average; fulvic acid had no significant effect on the content of soil available nitrogen, and it would reduce the content of soil available phosphorus by 16.36% and available potassium by 12.94% on average; fish pond sediment had significant effect on soil available nutrients in the cultivated layer and plow bottom of forest land, paddy field and dry field, which would increase the average content of the soil available nitrogen by 57.68%, available phosphorus by 170.16% and available potassium by 20.05%. In addition to the increase of available nutrients brought by the fish pond sediment, it could promote the growth of soil microorganisms and thus indirectly increasing the available nutrients of the soil; biochar had no significant effect on the content of soil available nitrogen, and it would increase the content of available phosphorus and available potassium of the soil significantly, with the content of available phosphorus increasing by 89.80% and available potassium by 65.02% on average. The effects of the four exogenous additives on soil fertility under different land use types varied considerably, and the application of biochar and fish pond sediment was beneficial to improving soil fertility under different land types.

  Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Habitat Quality in the West Qinling Mountains Based on Land Use Change from 1990 to 2020 LUO Li, LI Xiaodan, LIU Xuelu, LIU Xingyu, LI Quanxi, MAO Zixuan, MA Biao 2024, 40 (8):  101-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0681 Abstract + ( 58 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2843KB )   ( 25 ) The aims is to further understand the status of habitat quality, spatial distribution characteristics and their relationship with land-use type changes in the western Qinling region, with a view to solving the territorial spatial problems such as degradation of habitat quality, damage to ecosystems, imbalance of spatial patterns, and irrational exploitation and utilization of natural resources in the region. In this study, with the help of InVEST, the habitat quality model, land use degree index, and bivariate spatial autocorrelation were used to simulate and evaluate the habitat quality of West Qinling in the past 30 years based on the land use data of Qinzhou District, Kang County, and Luqu County in West Qinling from 1990 to 2020. The results showed that: (1) the area of cultivated land in the northeast of West Qinling decreased significantly; in the south and west, the decrease of land was dominated by the grassland and unutilized land, and the area of other land-use types increased; (2) the main change of habitats in the northeast and south of West Qinling was the transition from higher to higher grade habitats, while the middle and lower grade habitats were transitioning to lower grade habitats; in the west, it was mainly a process of changing from higher to medium grade habitats and lower to lower grade habitats, and the overall habitat quality was in the middle to upper level; (3) the habitat quality in the northeast and south of West Qinling was negatively correlated with the degree of land use, and the degree of correlation had a tendency to weaken; the degree of land use in the west was positively correlated with the quality of habitats and there was a phenomenon of spatial agglomeration, with spatial agglomeration increasing and then decreasing. (4) Over the past 30 years, the degree of habitat degradation in West Qinling had been on an upward trend, and the spatial distribution was generally high in the northeast, east and south, and low in the west and northwest. The simulation and evaluation of the habitat quality of West Qinling in the past 30 years can provide scientific references for the improvement of the habitat quality of West Qinling, the protection of land resources, and the direction of regional land use.

  Analysis of Abnormal Growing Phenomena Occurred in Xiangyang District, Hubei Province: Grain-Dropping in Advance and Pole-Withered YANG Xiaolin, XUE Minfeng, ZHANG Shu, LI Jinbo, LV Liang, CHANG Xiangqian, ZHANG Youhong, GONG Yan 2024, 40 (8):  112-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0352 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1831KB )   ( 6 ) Xiangyang district is an important granary in Hubei Province, rice and wheat rotation is the main cultivation mode in the area. Grain drop and spike rot had appeared in rice production after using rice seeds successively reserved by farmers themselves. In order to explore the cause of poor growth of rice, samples on the spot for investigation were taken and analysis of these phenomena was carried out. Through the method of morphological characteristics observation and molecular biology identification, using the rice ‘Huanghuazhan’ purchased from the market as control, 41 pairs of rice molecular specific markers were detected, the virulence of chemical agents to the isolated pathogens was determined by the growth rate method. Four species of pathogens were isolated from withered rod and rotten ears including Nigrospora oryzae, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium graminearum; the seeds from farmers which were successively reserved for 6 years had no heteromorphosis, but rice grains harvested in the no-tillage rice field had 12 fingerprints different from the contrast. It indicated that the seeds of ‘Huanghuazhan’ preserved by farmers for 6 years had variation in field growth; Zoloether·propineb 70% WG and Kresoxim-methyl·epoxiconazole 23% SC could inhibit the growth of all pathomycetes. Continuous seed retention for many years will cause the vitality of rice seeds to decay, resulting in weak growth of rice in the field, vulnerable to disease invasion, and abnormal growth. Correctly using seeds, scientific management and the control of suitable agrochemicals are important measures to ensure the safe production of rice.

  Research Progress on Comprehensive Prevention and Control Techniques of Sesame Stem Spot Blight XIAO Hongyong, WANG Lihong, YIN Changfa, HUANG Jianhua, CHEN Hongfan, LAN Bo, YANG Yingqing 2024, 40 (8):  119-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0294 Abstract + ( 47 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1606KB )   ( 12 ) The pathogen and symptoms of sesame stem spot blight were described, and the epidemic regularity of sesame stem spot blight was introduced from the aspects of occurrence condition, transmission route, epidemic time and the relationship between climatic conditions and the disease. The agricultural control measures of sesame stem spot blight were introduced from the aspects of selecting resistant varieties, strengthening field management and rational crop rotation. The main fungicide control measures were introduced from seed treatment, soil disinfection, fungicide inhibition and pesticide control. It is suggested that the comprehensive prevention and control model of sesame stem spot blight should be based on the selection of agricultural control measures, i.e. disease-resistant varieties, scientific management and rational crop rotation, and opportunely take chemical control measures, i.e. soil disinfection, seed treatment and fungicide spraying, which can not only control the development of the disease but also meet the demand of people for green food.

  The Control Effect of Two Kinds of Insecticides on Solenopsis invicta in Different Seasons in Hainan Province HAN Dongyin, LI Lei, ZHU Junhong, FU Yueguan, ZHANG Fangping 2024, 40 (8):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0732 Abstract + ( 98 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1369KB )   ( 8 ) In order to find out whether applying insecticides to control Solenopsis invicta in winter can achieve good control effect, this experiment compared the control effects of 0.6% cypermethrin powder and 0.08% indocarb baits in winter and summer. The results showed that the time after treatment, the difference of seasons and the kinds of agents had significant effects on the control effect of the nests of S. invicta. The control effect of 0.6% cypermethrin on the nests of S. invicta was significantly better than 0.08% indocarb in the range of 7-30 d after treatment in winter, and the effect of 0.08% indocarb on the nest of S. invicta was higher than 0.6% cypermethrin in the range of 15-45 d in summer. The effect of 0.08% indocarb baits on the nests of S. invicta in winter increased with the increase of time after treatment, and the highest effect (82.03%) was found at 45 d after treatment. The effect of 0.08% indocarb baits on S. invicta in summer was 92.49% at 15 d after treatment, which had no significant difference compared with 30 d and 45 d. The control effect of 0.6% cypermethrin on the nest of S. invicta decreased with the increase of time after treatment, but the decrease rate was slower in winter than in summer. The control effect of the two agents on the workers of S. invicta decreased with the increase of time after treatment. The control effect of 0.08% indocarb baits on the workers was significantly higher in winter than in summer except 7 d after treatment. The control effect of 0.6% cypermethrin powder on worker ants had no significantly difference within 7 d to 30 d. But at 45 d, it was significantly higher in winter (97.86%) than in summer (80.57%). In conclusion, when the weather in Hainan is fine in winter and the temperature is between 13-21℃, 0.08% Indocarb baits or 0.6% cypermethrin powder can be used to control S. invicta. The evaluation of the control effect is postponed to 30-45 d after treatment.

  Analysis of Adult Population Dynamics and Physical Control Benefit of Spodoptera frugiperda in Zhaotong of Yunnan Province in 2021 ZHOU Guangxin, MA Yongcui, REN Jiaxin, SHENG Yiwei, LI Yongping, PENG Mingchun, FENG Zhengjun, LI Pingsong, WANG Chongyun 2024, 40 (8):  132-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0287 Abstract + ( 60 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2098KB )   ( 20 ) Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) has posed a great threat to food production security in China since its invasion. It is of great significance for food production security to understand local population dynamics of fall armyworm and take effective prevention and control measures. In this study, the dynamics of fall armyworm adults in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province had been monitored throughout the year in 2021, and a control demonstration area was established to conduct a comparative study on prevention and control schemes. The results showed as follows: (1) The adult fall armyworm began to appear on March 1st in Zhaotong; The occurrence time sequence developed from southwest to northeast. (2) The occurrence of adult fall armyworm was mainly concentrated in Qiaojia County, Ludian County, Yongshan County, Yiliang County, Zhaoyang District and Daguan County. (3) The largest population period was observed in Qiaojia County and Yongshan County in the southwest of Zhaotong from April to June, and a large number of fall armyworm migrated into Ludian County, Yiliang County and Zhaoyang District in August. (4) The physical inducement of fall armyworm by sexual attraction, searchlight trap and mixed measurement of sexual attraction + light trap could significantly reduce the harm of fall armyworm and diminish the loss of maize yield. The mixed measurement had the most significant controlling effects.

  Prediction of Sunflower Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum Grades in Hetao Irrigation Area LIU Wei, WANG Huimin, KONG Deyin, SU Yuanhong, BAO Jiajing, KONG Mingchuan 2024, 40 (8):  140-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0333 Abstract + ( 52 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 15 ) Based on the data of the occurrence, the beginning and the occurrence degree of the central diseased plants of sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the sunflower from 2000 to 2021, as well as the meteorological data of the same period, the correlation between the occurrence period and degree of sclerotinia sclerotiorum on sunflower and meteorological conditions was analyzed, and the corresponding forecasting equations were established. The results showed that temperature and humidity were the key factors affecting the occurrence of sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Precipitation, mean wind speed and sunshine hours also had important effects on the occurrence time and degree of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Through stepwise regression, three prediction models were established, all of which passed the significance test of 0.01 level. The fitting effect of historical data is good, the trial report effect is good, and it can be put into actual operation.

  Domestic and Foreign Research Hotspots and Development Trend of Agricultural Waste Resource Utilization WU Shaobo, XING Liyuan, WANG Jinchao, JIA Mengke, LIU Chunhui, ZHOU Qiongqiong, WANG Long 2024, 40 (8):  148-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0351 Abstract + ( 66 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2705KB )   ( 19 ) The harmless and reuse of agricultural waste not only turns waste biomass into treasure, but also reduces pollution to the ecological environment and improves the living environment, which is an effective way to achieve green, circular, low-carbon, efficient and sustainable development. In this article, we conducted bibliometric statistics of the relevant literature on agricultural waste resource utilization published in China and abroad from 1990 to 2022, and comprehensively analyzed the annual trend of the number of articles published in this field and the key words with the help of CiteSpace and VOSviewer bibliometric tools. Domestic research in this area started nearly 10 years earlier than overseas, the research intensity and importance of international research in this field since 2002 have been significantly higher than that of domestic research, the growth trend of the number of annual publications is also significantly higher than that of domestic research, and the gap between the number of publications at home and abroad is also widening year by year. The research hotspots in the field are not exactly the same at home and abroad. We focus more on the use of waste for the production of organic fertilizers to realize the recycling of green and low-carbon agriculture in China; the foreign countries focus more on biomass materialization and energy utilization of waste to compensate for the consumption of non-renewable resources. Based on China's basic condition of having more people and less land, China should strive to broaden the disposal methods of agricultural waste by classifying and disposing of agricultural waste raw materials and subsequently using them for substrate, feed, fertilizer, materialization and energy. And waste gas, heat and residue should be recycled in order to realize the multi-level utilization of harmless, reduced and diversified biomass resources. The results of the study provide a reference for the development of the field of agricultural waste resource utilization in China.

  Evolution of Plankton Community Structure During the Pond Aquaculture of Chinese Softshell Turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis SONG Guangtong, WANG Fen, XU Xiaona, ZHU Chengjun, CHEN Zhu, LI Xiang, ZHOU Xiang, YE Shengtao, JIANG Yelin 2024, 40 (8):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0699 Abstract + ( 52 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1409KB )   ( 8 ) To study the evolution of the plankton community structure during the pond aquaculture of Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis), water samples were collected at three stages: pre-aquaculture, mid-aquaculture stage and late-aquaculture stage for physicochemical and phytoplankton detection and analysis. The results showed that the NH4+-N reached 2.38 mg/L in the late-aquaculture stage, which was significantly higher than that of pre-aquaculture, mid-aquaculture stage. 62 species of phytoplankton in 5 phyla were detected, and the species composition was mainly Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta; 4 types and 39 species of zooplankton were detected, which were mainly protozoa and Rotifers. The abundance and biomass of phytoplankton were mainly Chlorophyta, and that of zooplankton were mainly copepods. The average abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton reached the highest at the mid-aquaculture stage, with values of 4762600 ind/L and 1634 ind/L, respectively, and the biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton reached the highest at the late-aquaculture stage, with 18.09 mg/L and 10.106 mg/L, respectively. The mean values of phytoplankton diversity index (H) and evenness index (J) were 0.1779 and 0.0604, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of pre-aquaculture. In the middle and late stage of aquaculture, Closterium gracile breb was the dominant algae. There was no significant difference in zooplankton diversity index (H) before and after aquaculture of P.sinensis. The results showed that the community structure of phytoplankton changed greatly while zooplankton changed little during the aquaculture of P.sinensis. The aquaculture water showed the trend of first getting worse and then gradually getting better, and the water stability was poor in the mid-aquaculture stage, so it was necessary to transfer water actively.