Current issue

• 2024 Vol.40 No.7 Published:05 March 2024

  Effects of Deep Ditch Mulching on Harvesting Time and Yield of Sweet-waxy Maize DU Rushan, LU Baohong, WANG Zhihong, MA Hailin 2024, 40 (7):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0261 Abstract + ( 125 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1269KB )   ( 59 ) In order to extend the consumption cycle of fresh ears and the processing period of sweet-waxy corn enterprises, combined with the local planting habits in Xinzhou, Shanxi, a deep furrow mulching sowing method that integrates film mulching, furrow and ridge cultivation, and wide and narrow row was tested. By comparing it with the most widely used film side sowing, film top sowing, and bare land flat planting in local area, the following conclusions were drawn. Deep furrow film mulching formed a small greenhouse, which could increase the soil temperature by 13.73%-21.88% in April, and the higher accumulated temperature could promote the germination and growth of maize. The dry matter accumulation was significantly higher than that of other treatments in the early stage of maize growth. The final yield had no significant difference from other treatments, but the growth period was significantly shortened. The harvest time of sweet-waxy corn can be 4 to 19 days ahead of the schedule, so as to achieve early sowing and early harvest.

  Effects of Combinations of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield of Sweet Potato at Seedling Stage CHEN Jingwei, MA Jukui, GAO Fangyuan, ZHANG Chengling, YANG Dongjing, TANG Wei, XIE Yiping, SUN Houjun 2024, 40 (7):  8-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0146 Abstract + ( 85 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 45 ) In order to investigate the effects of different combinations of plant growth regulators on the growth and yield of sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas ‘Yanshu25’ was used as experimental material to carry out seedling and field experiments. In the seedling test, the number of roots and root weight in the three combined treatments of 0.02% chlorin iron SP (167 mg/kg) with 50 mg/kg of NAA, IBA and IAA were higher than those in the control treatment of water, among which the combination of 0.02% chlorin iron SP with NAA had a significant effect on the number of hair roots compared with the water treatment plants. In field experiments, the yield of sweet potato treated with various combinations of plant growth regulators was higher than the control group with water. Among them, the treatment with a combination of 0.02% chlorin iron SP, IBA and NAA had a higher average yield compared to the control agent (50 mg/kg 60% choline chloride AS). The yield compared to the water treatment plants increased by 12.2% and 21.3% respectively. The large and medium potato rates were higher than the control after the compound treatment of each plant growth regulator, and the application of plant growth regulators promoted the rate of potato expansion, which may be one of the important reasons for the increased yield. No drug damage was occurred in the field with the application of each treatment, and the rate of cracked sweet potato in each treatment ranged from 5.3% to 6.7%, with no significant difference between treatments. Therefore, the combination of 167 mg/kg of 0.02% chlorin iron SP and 50 mg/kg of NAA showed the best effect on the growth and yield promotion of sweet potato.

  Research on Efficient Transplanting and Domestication Techniques for Cotton Tissue Culture Seedlings GE Yujun, GONG Na, YANG Jianfeng, YANG Min, LIU Zheng, LI Xianggan 2024, 40 (7):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0154 Abstract + ( 71 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1276KB )   ( 16 ) This study delves into the crucial factors that influence the survival rate of cotton tissue culture seedlings during transplantation. Addressing the pervasive issue of low survival rates during direct transplantation, we aim to offer a robust and efficient transplantation approach for cotton tissue culture seedlings. Utilizing these seedlings as our primary experimental subject, we examined their survival rate, root system, and growth of stem and leaves under various environmental conditions, substrates, and root system states. The seedlings were rooted within a culture container and subsequently transplanted into a substrate comprising a 1:1 volume ratio of perlite and vermiculite, nourished with a 1/2MS nutrient solution. By maintaining optimal humidity levels during the recovery phase, we observed enhanced seedling vigor, with survival rates soaring from an initial 50% to a remarkable 100%. This method is simple to operate and has a high survival rate, establishing an efficient and stable method for the domestication of cotton tissue culture seedlings. In addition to its affordability, it eliminates the need for grafting, boasts a higher boll-setting rate, and holds promising potential for the burgeoning realm of cotton biotechnology.

  Analysis of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Assimilates Distribution of Three Olea europaea Varieties WANG Ruiwen, HUANG Ying, ZHENG Jingjin, JIANG Dezhi, HUANG Faxin 2024, 40 (7):  20-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0224 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1383KB )   ( 16 ) The aim was to study the photosynthetic characteristics and assimilates distribution of Olea europaea. photosynthetic indexes and assimilates were measured with Li-6400XT photosynthetic instrument and carbon-13 isotope labeling. The results showed that, the diurnal variation of photosynthesis of the three varieties presented a bimodal curve and an obvious ‘midday depression’ phenomenon. The main factors affecting net photosynthetic rate were stomatal conductivity and air CO2 concentration. The three O. europaea varieties were strong light demander. The light compensation point and light saturation point of the three O. europaea varieties were higher than general sun species. There were differences in photosynthetic parameters and CO2 response curves parameters among the three varieties. ‘Foao’ and ‘Ezhi 8’ had a strong photosynthetic capability, a wide utilization range and a high utilization rate of light and CO2. The photosynthetic assimilates mainly concentrated in leaves and the distribution rate was 39.52%-49.92% after the 72 hours of 13C isotope labeling. The photosynthetic assimilates concentrated in seeds was the least and the distribution rate was only 6.67%-8.18%.

  Studies on Effects of Nitrate Nitrogen and Ammonium Nitrogen Combination on Alleviating Ammonium Toxicity in Cucumber Seedlings FAN Yaping, LI Jingyi, HE Miaomiao, WANG Changxian 2024, 40 (7):  27-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0213 Abstract + ( 59 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1351KB )   ( 9 ) To explore the effects of NO3--N on alleviating ammonium toxicity and mechanism involved at cucumber seedling stage, a pot experiment was carried out. In the experiment, the variety of ‘Jinyan No.4’ was selected as the experimental material, and vermiculite was used as the seedling substrate. The total nitrogen concentration was 15 mmol/L, NH4+-N and NO3--N were supplied respectively at seedling stage. 5 weeks later, the growth and physiological indexes of cucumber seedlings were measured. The results showed that it was easy to cause toxicity, if only NH4+-N was supplied. The contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in shoots treated by NO3--N were 1.08 times and 1.11 times higher than those treated by NH4+-N, respectively. Meanwhile, the leaf area, biomass and seedling's quality index were significantly higher than those treated by NH4+-N. For seedlings only supplied with NH4+-N, MDA content in shoots was significantly higher than that of NO3--N treatment, but chlorophyll content was significantly lower than that of NO3--N treatment. The growth was significantly inhibited by NH4+-N. When NH4+-N was mixed with the same amount of NO3--N, the inhibition was weakened. The pH value of seedlings rhizosphere increased from 6.28 to 6.54, at the same time chlorophyll content and LA increased in a degree. The shoots and roots dry weights increased by 26.6% and 29.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference in seedling's quality index between NH4+-N treatment and NO3--N treatment. It is concluded that ammonium toxicity is relieved by NO3--N, and the beneficial effect depends on the balance of nutrition and physiological metabolism of seedlings.

  Effects of Irrigation Amount and Frequency on Yield and Quality of Small-fruit Watermelon in Greenhouse WANG Linchuang, LIU Lu, LI Jianming, YIN Lian, XU Wenzhao, LUO Dexu, SUN Yudong, ZHAO Jianfeng 2024, 40 (7):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0184 Abstract + ( 66 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1169KB )   ( 16 ) Based on the water surface evaporation of a 20 cm evaporating dish and the water demand law of watermelon at different growth stages, the effects of irrigation amount and irrigation frequency on the growth, yield and quality of small-fruit watermelon were studied. The results showed that the stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content, fruit yield, quality and irrigation water use efficiency of watermelon were closely related to irrigation amount and irrigation frequency. Among them, W2F2 (irrigation volume 75%Ep, irrigation frequency 6 d) had the best comprehensive performance. The quality indexes of watermelon fruit such as soluble solids, glucose, sucrose, fructose and lycopene content in this treatment were the highest, and the nitrate content was low; the yield reached 41247 kg/hm2, which had no significant difference from W3F1 (irrigation volume 90%Ep, irrigation frequency 3 d) with the highest yield; the irrigation water use efficiency was 53.4 kg/m3, and there was no significant difference from the highest W1F1 (irrigation volume 60%Ep, irrigation frequency 3 d); other indexes were at the middle level, indicating that W2F2 was the best irrigation technology scheme. This study can provide theoretical and technical support for green and high-quality production of small-fruit watermelon in greenhouse.

  Analysis of Influence Factors on Fruit Shape and Fruit Weight of Pyrus ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’ FU Fang, WU Yajuan, JIANG Yan, GAO Tongyu, LI Jing, WANG Mingxian, SU Benying 2024, 40 (7):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0160 Abstract + ( 60 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1732KB )   ( 14 ) To solve the problem of quality degradation of Pyrus ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’, the influence of pollinating P. ussuriensis varieties, fruit-setting order and orchard locations (hillside and flat orchard) on the fruit shape and weight of P. ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’ were investigated in Beijing. The results showed that ‘Shanli’ and ‘Hanhong’ cultivars were superior for pollination compared with ‘Zimuli’, ‘Yaguangli’, and ‘Jinxiangshui’. The average fruit weight of P. ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’ pollinated by ‘Shanli’ and ‘Hanhong’ was 113.60 and 110.80 g, respectively, and the fruit shape index of both were 0.82. Furthermore, the fruit setting rates and weight of P. ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’ from the third to fifth order of inflorescence were higher than that at the first to second and the sixth to ninth order. The fruit weight and shape index of P. ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’ in hillside orchard were 100.77 g and 0.82, respectively, while those in flat orchard were 125.08 g and 0.87, indicating that fruit shape index was affected by orchard locations. In summary, to maintain the typical features of P. ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’, it is recommended to select ‘Shanli’ and ‘Hanhong’ as pollinating varieties, keeping fruits at the third to fifth order of inflorescence, and planting them in cool mountainous environment.

  Analysis of Physiological and Nutritional Characteristics of Cerasus hmilis in Arid and Semi-arid Areas YAO Ze, JIANG Shengxiu, YAN Zizhu, WANG Qi, MA Xinbing 2024, 40 (7):  44-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0128 Abstract + ( 60 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1123KB )   ( 9 ) To study the growth and nutrition value of different varieties of Cerasus hmilis in Minqin area, three varieties, ‘Nongda No.4’, ‘Nongda No.5’ and ‘Nongda No.6’ of C. hmilis, were introduced as materials, and local wild seedlings were used as control, the physiological and biological characteristics were observed, and the nutritional components were determined. The results showed that: (1) the leaf length, width and area of ‘Nongda No.5’ were larger than those of the control, ‘Nongda No.4’ and ‘Nongda No.6’. (2) The longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and fruit weight of the three introduced varieties were higher than those of the control, and ‘Nongda No.5’ was larger than ‘Nongda No.4’ and ‘Nongda No.6’, and the fruit shape index of ‘Nongda No.5’ was lower than that of control, ‘Nongda No.4’ and ‘Nongda No.6’. (3) Among different C. hmilis varieties, ‘Nongda No.5’ had the highest calcium and protein contents and the lowest Vc content. (4) The amount of fruit was positively correlated with the number of branches and negatively correlated with the weight of single fruit. There was a significant negative correlation between leaf area and number of fruit branches. Thus, ‘Nongda No.5’ has the best performance of biological characters and is an excellent variety suitable for cultivating fresh food. Scientific conservation and management technology and proper number of fruit branches are the prerequisite for high quality and high yield.

  Effects of Exogenous Gibberellin and Calcium Amino Acid on Fruit Cracking of ‘Asumi’ Citrus DAI Lin, ZHANG Lunde, ZHOU Zhiyang, CHEN Hongzhen, HUANG Kang, MA Qingqing, SUN Xiaoxian, XIONG Bo 2024, 40 (7):  49-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0138 Abstract + ( 55 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2566KB )   ( 22 ) The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of exogenous gibberellin and calcium amino acid on fruit cracking of ‘Asumi’, and provide theoretical basis and practical measures for the prevention of fruit cracking of citrus. Using 5-year-old ‘Asumi’ citrus with red orange as research material, 27 trees with the same growth potential and load were selected and treated with exogenous gibberellin and calcium amino acid at 60, 75 and 90 d after anthesis respectively. Samples were taken from 100 d after anthesis and once every 15 d, a total of 5 times. The fruit cracking rate, ultrastructure observation of pericarp cells, cell wall material content, water-soluble pectin content, ion binding pectin content, covalent binding pectin content, galacturonic acid content, cellulose, lignin content and fruit appearance quality were measured, compared and analyzed. The results showed that the content of water-soluble pectin increased at first and then decreased with the growth and development of fruit, and the content at the peak of fruit cracking was higher than that in other periods, and was greatly affected by gibberellin. The contents of ion-bound pectin, covalently bound pectin and cellulose decreased at first and then increased, and the contents at the peak of fruit cracking was lower than that in other periods, and the change of ion-bound pectin content was greatly affected by exogenous calcium. There was no significant difference in hemicellulose and lignin content among different treatments in different periods. The change of the content of different types of pectin in the pericarp was the main factor of fruit cracking of ‘Asumi’ citrus, and exogenous spraying gibberellin and calcium amino acid could significantly reduce the fruit cracking rate. Gibberellin and calcium amino acid can enhance fruit cracking resistance by affecting different types of pectin content in pericarp.

  Effects of Fertilization Modes on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ LIU Hang, TIAN Qing, TIAN Zhongping, LI Chengzhong, DING Yinhua, ZHAO Baoyuan, CHEN Yueheng, CHENG Tianli, WANG Tao, ZHONG Zixu 2024, 40 (7):  56-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0141 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1302KB )   ( 16 ) The paper aims to solve the problem affecting the quality and yield of Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ due to unscientific fertilization in the cultivation process, the five-year-old P. ostii ‘Fengdan’ was used as test material to study the effect of the method of staged controlled fertilization on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of P. ostii ‘Fengdan’. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and chlorophyll content of P. ostii ‘Fengdan’ leaves showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of compound fertilizer application and the sprayed boron fertilizer concentration, and reached the maximum value at D3B4 (compound fertilizer 225 kg/hm2, boron fertilizer 0.3%) level. The trend of intercellular CO2 concentration in leaves was opposite, showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, reaching the lowest value at D3B4 level. At the same time, at the D3B4 level, the number of pods per plant, pod diameter, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant all reached the maximum value. Therefore, in this study, 225 kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer base fertilizer at the full flowering stage+ 0.3% boron fertilizer spraying on the leaves at the initial stage of fruiting was the best fertilization mode for the high yield of P. ostii ‘Fengdan’, which could provide a certain reference for scientific fertilization of P. ostii ‘Fengdan’.

  Correlation Analysis of Flower Characters of Prunus mume ‘Gongfen’ OUYANG Zilong, JIA Xianglu, LI Chaoqun, YIN Tinghui, REN Luming, GONG Li, XU Ting, TENG Weichao, WEI Miaoqin 2024, 40 (7):  64-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0210 Abstract + ( 47 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1515KB )   ( 5 ) The paper aims to study the overall ornamental features and the interaction degree between flower characters during the flowering period of Prunus mume ‘Gongfen’, and to provide theoretical basis for the scientific management and character evaluation of the flowering period. The flower characters of P. mume ‘Gongfen’ were studied by linear fitting, index variation, R-type clustering, principal component and correlation analysis. In this study, the investigation and correlation analysis of 12 kinds of flowering characters were conducted. The results showed that there was a significant linear correlation between the flower characters, and the best fitting effect was found between petal length and petal width (R2=0.53, Pearson's r=0.73), and the flowering characters had high instability. The number of unblooming, total number of flowers, petal width and pedicel length could be used as reference indexes to judge flower characters. There was a strong correlation among various flower characters, which could regulate flowering characteristics cooperatively.

  Effects of Exogenous Addition of Benzoic Acid on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Perilla frutescens XUE Tongtong, XIE Mengmeng, SUN Hui, LI Chongwei 2024, 40 (7):  72-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0178 Abstract + ( 57 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1267KB )   ( 11 ) To investigate the effects of exogenous benzoic acid stress on seed germination, seedling growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of perilla seeds, perilla seeds petri dish filter paper culture and indoor potting test were conducted by adding benzoic acid, and six gradients were set: 0(CK), 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mmol/L. The effects of different concentrations of benzoic acid stress on germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, viability index, perilla seedling growth and antioxidant enzyme activities were studied. The results showed that with the increase of benzoic acid concentration, the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and viability index of perilla seeds were generally promoted by low concentration and inhibited by high concentration. The root weight, radicle length, cotyl length and plant fresh weight of perilla seedlings showed a significant downward trend, and the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in seedling leaves showed a significant decreasing trend (P<0.05), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) first increased and then decreased, and reached maximum at 1.5 mmol/L. The effect of exogenous addition of benzoic acid on the germination of perilla seeds is related to the concentration of benzoic acid (low concentration promotion and high concentration inhibition), which has an inhibitory effect on the growth of perilla seedlings, confirming the self-toxicity effect of benzoic acid on the growth of perilla.

  Evaluation of Agronomic and Quality Traits of Guangxi Garlic Landraces CHEN Qin, ZHANG Li, LI Yang, GUO Yuanyuan, SONG Huanzhong, KANG Dexian, HUANG Hao, TANG Juan, ZHOU Shengmao, WEN Junli, CHE Jianglv, CHEN Zhendong 2024, 40 (7):  78-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0251 Abstract + ( 63 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1283KB )   ( 22 ) This project aims to comprehensively evaluate the local garlic varieties in Guangxi. This experiment used 15 local garlic varieties in Guangxi as materials to carry out the field product comparison, quality identification and allicin content determination. At the same time, the agronomic traits, quality characters and allicin content of garlic varieties were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis and correlation analysis. 13 agronomic traits of 15 garlic varieties tested had rich variation in bulb number and single bulb weight. The dry matter rate, content of soluble protein and soluble sugar was 17.43%-29.77%, 3.88-6.81 g/100 g and 5.18%-21.77%, respectively. The content of amino acid in 15 varieties was 2.84-4.54 g/100 g, in which the content of essential amino acids was 0.80-1.14 g/100 g. The content of allicin in each variety was 1.60-7.62 g/kg detected by gas chromatography. Five main factors were extracted by principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 84.853%. The correlation analysis showed that allicin content was significantly negatively correlated with plant height and leaf length, and significantly positively correlated with soluble protein content and amino acid content. Through comparative analysis, there were great differences in nutritional and functional components among different garlic varieties. ‘Rendong Xiangsuan’ and ‘Sanyuesuan’ had obvious advantages in nutritional quality and allicin content respectively. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of garlic varieties and their further processing and utilization in Guangxi.

  Ecological Service Value of Oasis for Reducing Downwind Sandstorm: A Case Study of Oasis Farmland and Protective Forest in Jingdian Irrigation Area ZHANG Jinghui, DONG Zhiyang, LIU Bin 2024, 40 (7):  86-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0243 Abstract + ( 51 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1108KB )   ( 15 ) Sandstorm is one of the main natural disasters in agricultural production in the vast sandy areas of northwest China. To reveal the ecological function (ecological service value) of oasis farmland and shelterbelt in reducing downwind sandstorms, the paper took Jingtaichuan Irrigation District in Gansu Province as an example, and used the distance cosine formula to analyze the ecological service value of oasis ecological elements to reduce sandstorms in the downwind area. The results showed that the total ecological service value of farmland, shelterbelt, grassland, wetland and canal in the irrigation area was 62253.0×104 yuan, within a range of 200 km in the downwind direction, the ecological service value of oasis farmland, shelterbelt, grassland and wetland in reducing downwind sandstorms was only 16.1% of the internal ecological service value of various ecological elements in the irrigation area. Due to the transmission characteristics of sandstorm, the transmission distance of ecological service value of farmland shelterbelt against sandstorm is much greater than that of windbreak and surface wind erosion protection. The distance cosine formula can better express the ecological service value of oasis farmland shelterbelt in reducing downwind sandstorm, with the increase of the distance and the increase of the angle with the main wind direction, the ecological service value of reducing the downwind sandstorm gradually decreases. The boundary of a sandstorm is blurry, and the maximum distance in the downwind area is an issue that needs further exploration.

  Study on Improvement Effect of Compound Improvers on Salinized Soil at Low-lying Farmland in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area DOU Bingyan, JING Hefang, LI Chunguang, WANG Weihong, ZHANG Wensheng 2024, 40 (7):  93-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0258 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1837KB )   ( 9 ) At some low-lying farmlands in Ningxia irrigation area, the groundwater level usually is relatively high, which leads to heavy soil salinization. Adding soil improvers in farmlands is one of the valid methods to solve the problem of soil salinization. To study the improvement effect of different amendments on saline-alkali soil at the low-lying farmland of Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area, a salinized farmland with low terrain and shallow groundwater depth at Nanliang farm in Yinbei area was improved by using different amendments. A total of 10 treatment groups were set up, including control group, single application of furfural residue, single application of desulfurization gypsum, compound application of furfural residue and desulfurization gypsum with different application amount. The study area was divided into several subareas, where applied different treatment groups of ameliorants, and planted helianthus annuus. The growth index and yield of helianthus annuus under different treatment groups were compared and analyzed, as well as the total salt content, salt ions and pH value of soil after harvest of helianthus annuus, and the optimal improvement scheme of salinized soil in this region was explored. The results showed that: in the surface soil, compared with the control group, the total salt content decreased significantly after the compound application of furfural residue and desulfurization gypsum. The salt content decreased by 10.44%, 10.14% and 0.88% under the different application amounts of low, medium and high, compared with the control group. Single application of furfural residue or desulfurization gypsum did not reduce the salinity significantly. In general, application of compound improvers of furfural residue and desulfurization gypsum had significant effects on reducing soil total salt content, sodium adsorption ratio, and increasing crop yield. The optimal mixture ratio of furfural residue and desulfurization gypsum was 7:3, and optimal application amount was 17960 kg/hm2.

  Effects of Soil Fertility Gradient and Its Indicators on Wheat Yield and Quality Traits in Hilly Areas MA Aiping, JING Hua, KANG Xiuli, ZHAO Yukun, CUI Huanhu, HUANG Xuefang, XI Jilong 2024, 40 (7):  101-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0214 Abstract + ( 62 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 11 ) To improve the yield and quality of dryland wheat and clarify the correlation between soil fertility gradient, fertility indicators and wheat yield, quality traits respectively, the influence of soil fertility gradient and its indicators on wheat yield and quality traits in hilly areas was studied in Xiangning County, Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2020. The results showed that soil fertility gradient had obvious influence on panicle number, grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight; nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium and yield, spike number, 1000-grain weight showed positive correlations; available phosphorus and yield, spike number showed linear positive correlation, while no significant difference between available phosphorus and 1000-grain weight and nitrate nitrogen; the correlation between total nitrogen, organic matter, rapidly available potassium, available phosphorus and spike number was not significant; the correlation degree of different soil fertility indicators with yield and three yield factors showed nitrate nitrogen>total nitrogen>organic matter>available potassium>available phosphorus. Soil fertility gradient had obvious influence on protein content, wet gluten content, ductility, stability time and formation time; three traits of total nitrogen, available potassium and nitrate nitrogen were positive correlated with protein content, wet gluten content, ductility, stability time and formation time, organic matter was positive correlated to ductility, while it was not significant to the other quality traits; available phosphorus was not significantly correlated with protein content, wet gluten content, ductility, stability time and formation time, the correlation degree between different fertility indicators and quality traits generally showed nitrate nitrogen> available potassium> total nitrogen> organic matter> available phosphorus. Yield was positively correlated with protein content, wet gluten content, ductility and formation time, but it was not significant with stable time.

  Effects of Trichoderma Bio-organic Fertilizer on Salinized Soil Fertility and Yield and Quality of Hang Cabbage ZHAN Wenjie, ZHOU Ben, ZHU Linxing, WANG Min, ZHU Changtai, SHEN Qirong, GUO Shiwei 2024, 40 (7):  108-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0130 Abstract + ( 55 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1633KB )   ( 9 ) In order to study the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the chemical properties of saline soil and the growth of cultivated vegetables, a pot experiment and a field experiment were conducted with Hang cabbage as the test material. Four different concentrations of Trichoderma spore liquid were set up in the pot experiment to determine the aboveground dry weight, stem diameter, SPAD value and root growth index of Hang cabbage. The field experiment assessed the yield, nutrient and quality, soil properties, and enzyme activity of Hang cabbage using different organic fertilizers including Chinese medicine residue (OF), Chinese medicine residue+ Trichoderma (BOF-1), Chinese medicine residue+ Trichoderma (BOF-2), and chicken manure+ Trichoderma (BOF-3). The results showed that dry weight, stem diameter, SPAD value and root growth index of Hang cabbage were significantly increased under the treatment of 106 CFU/g Trichoderma spore solution compared with control. In field experiments, compared with OF treatment, BOF-2 and BOF-3 treatments increased the yield of Hang cabbage, promoted the uptake of phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and reduced the nitrate content of Hang cabbage. And soil electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium content were decreased, and soil phosphatase activity was increased. Spearman correlation and random forest analysis showed that soil phosphatase activity, pH and soil EC were important indicators affecting the yield of Hang cabbage. In conclusion, the application of Trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer (3.0 t/hm2) is an effective measure to improve the yield and quality of Hang cabbage.

  Variation Characteristics and Correlation Analysis of Meteorological Elements During Maize Growth Period in Yangquan City MA Xiaoling, ZHOU Yanbo, YUAN Jie, ZHANG Jianjun, JIA Liting 2024, 40 (7):  118-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0281 Abstract + ( 71 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1221KB )   ( 28 ) In order to study the variation trend of meteorological factors in maize growth period and their influence on maize yield, the daily data of six meteorological factors and annual maize yield data in Yangquan City from April to September of 2002 to 2021 were analyzed using different methods such as M-K mutation test and Spearman correlation test. It was found that the average temperature, daily maximum and daily minimum temperature all showed an increasing trend during maize growth period, and the average temperature and daily minimum temperature increased significantly after 2018.The relative humidity and sunshine hours showed a downward trend, while the precipitation showed an upward trend, and the change trend was not significant. From 2002 to 2021, the actual yield of maize in Yangquan City showed a fluctuating upward trend, while the trend yield was rapid increased and then slow decreased, and the meteorological output showed a slow growth trend, but the difference between years was obvious. Average relative humidity and maximum temperature had the greatest influence on meteorological yield, reaching extremely significant correlation level, followed by precipitation and average temperature, showing significant correlation level, while minimum temperature and sunshine hours had no significant correlation with meteorological yield. The results can provide theoretical support for optimizing the structure of agricultural resources and promoting the sustainable development of regional agriculture.

  Effects of Bacillus altitudinis Against Rice Blast and Promote Rice Growth WEI Tian, YANG Qian, LIU Huai’a, ZHU Jinlei, LV Min 2024, 40 (7):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0155 Abstract + ( 51 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 13 ) The aim is to clarify the biocontrol application effect of Bacillus altitudinis, and lay a foundation for the development and application. Two B. altitudinis strains of JYW21 and JYW26 with good controlling effects against rice blast were preliminarily screened through enzyme and antagonistic activity to Magnaporthe oryzae. In this experiment, their biocontrol effects against rice blast were verified in different conditions (in leaf blades, greenhouse and field tests). At the same time, the growth promotion effect of rice was determined by seed germination, potting and field tests. The control effects of B. altitudinis were at least 96% in leaf blades and 79% in greenhouse respectively, and the control effects were 55% against leaf blast and 70% against panicle blast in field experiments. At the same time, it had a higher biocontrol effect on rice sheath blight and rice smut disease. The experimental results also showed that B. altitudinisJYW21 and JYW26 played a good role in rice seeds germination, plant growth, which could increase the germination rate of rice by 6.27% and 6.81%, seedling height by 12.91% and 14.91%, seedling fresh weight by 21.43% and 28.57%, plant height by 24.67%and 18.67%, fresh weight by 64.04% and 61.79%, root length by 30.96% and 27.94%, and root weight by 24.71% and 25.88% in greenhouse, respectively. Under field conditions, B. altitudiniss JYW21 and JYW26 increased rice tillering number by 20.59% and 15.27%, panicle weight by 19.55% and 3.53%, thousand seed weight by 4.77% and 1.25%, respectively. These results showed that the two strains of B. altitudinis could not only be used to control rice blast and other fungal diseases, but also could promote the growth and production of rice. It was also found that the two strains of B. altitudinis could increase the content of chlorophyll in rice leaves, which might be one of the reasons for promoting the growth of rice.

  Pathogen Identification of Radish Black Rot and Fungicides Screening in Laboratory YANG Lijuan, GAO Wei, LI Haiyan, XUE Tao, ZHANG Chunxiang, WANG Yong 2024, 40 (7):  129-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0162 Abstract + ( 71 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1509KB )   ( 22 ) A serious radish rot was found in the field of Tianjin. 5 bacterial isolates were isolated from diseased radish tissues. In order to provide reference for the diagnosis and prevention of this disease, pathogen identification was carried out using morphology, pathogenicity test and moleculer identification, and the toxicities of 20 kinds of bactericides were tested by inhibition zone method. The results showed that the pathogen was identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Antibacterial activity differed among the different agents. Among 20 kinds of the tested agents, 13 agents had antibacerial effects on Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, of which 0.3% tetramycin aqueous solutions and 80% ethylicin emulsifiable concentrate were more effective than 98% streptomycin sulphate TC. 7 agents, including 27.12% copper dihydroxosulphate suspension concentrate, had no inhibitory action.

  Visual Analysis of Research on Sublethal Effect of Insecticide on Insects Based on CiteSpace LIU Di, SHI Qiuping, JIANG Qinjie, TANG Xin, LI Huangkaimei, AN Fengxuan, CHEN Enhai 2024, 40 (7):  135-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0275 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2032KB )   ( 12 ) To understand the current research status of the sublethal effects of insecticides on pests, CiteSpace visualization analysis software was used to search for papers related to the theme of “sublethal effects” in WOS and CNKI databases. Knowledge maps were drawn and analyzed for the publication status, authors, countries, as well as research hotspots and trends of the papers. Research has shown that the publication situation in this field at home and abroad is relatively similar, showing an upward trend. The core authors of the publication have shown good cooperation and communication relationships, with close communication links between institutions. The United States has the greatest influence in this research field, while China is one of the main countries for international publication. The main publishing institutions in China are the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, China Agricultural University, and Huazhong Agricultural University. At present, there are high-frequency words and clustering studies on sublethal effects both domestically and internationally around keywords such as “pesticide”, “insecticide”, and “toxicity”. The evolution process of hot topics is relatively similar. In the early stage, the research focused on sublethal research; in the middle stage, relevant explorations were conducted on the effects of different insecticides on the growth and development of pests; and in the later stage, many new research directions began to emerge, making research in this field more in-depth.

  Research Progress of Root Exudates Based on Bibliometric Analysis WANG Yuhan, CHEN Lian, ZHANG Peizhen, LI Gaocong, WANG Zhenjiang, TANG Cuiming, LIN Sen, LUO Guoqing, ZHONG Jianwu, LI Zhiyi, WANG Yuan 2024, 40 (7):  144-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0296 Abstract + ( 72 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2556KB )   ( 20 ) In order to deeply understand the research progress and development trend of root exudates, this paper took the literature related to root exudates from 2002 to 2022 in the Web of Science core collection database as the data source and used the bibliometric method to visualize the annual number of papers, the cooperative relationship between high-yield countries, the distribution of journals, the co-citation of literature and high-frequency keywords with the help of software VOSviewer and CiteSpace. At the same time, the main research contents in different research stages were analyzed. The results showed that the annual number of publications in the field of root exudates research in the past 20 years was on the rise, and it had attracted more and more attention in the international scope. China and the United States had close cooperative relationships, and the highest number of collaborative publications. Chinese Academy of Sciences and Colorado State University had been committed to research in this field and had made outstanding contributions. Plant and Soil and Soil Biology & Biochemistry were the two journals with the largest number of papers published in this field. The core topics of root exudates research were ‘ecosystem’, ‘rhizosphere microbiome’, ‘organic acid’, ‘gene’, ‘stress’ and ‘plant fitness’. The main research contents of root exudates in different research stages were signal transduction-nutrient acquisition- allelopathy- phytoremediation- plant and microbial interaction. More detailed researches on revealing the interaction mechanism between plants and rhizosphere microorganisms at the molecular level, the regulatory function and molecular mechanism of root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms in plant growth may become new research hotspots in the future.

  Bibliometric Analysis of Research in Pomacea canaliculata Based on Web of Science and CNKI ZHANG Zhe, LEI Xueshuang, LIU Zhi, LI Zhaohua, ZHANG Jin 2024, 40 (7):  155-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0206 Abstract + ( 62 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2279KB )   ( 14 ) To comprehensively understand and compare the research trends in the field of Pomacea canaliculata worldwide, based on the CNKI database and Web of Science (WOS) database, Citespace knowledge graph visualization and analysis software was used to analyze various aspects of P. canaliculata research, including the volume of research publications, research teams, research institutions, research content, and hotspots evolution. The results showed that: (1) the annual quantity of domestic and overseas articles about P. canaliculata presented a continuous growth trend. It went through three phases in the CNKI database: a slow increase from 1985 to 2005, rapid development from 2006 to 2012, and a fluctuation stability phase from 2013 to 2022. In contrast, P. canaliculata research in the WOS database commenced later, but experienced a surge in the number of publications after 2009, showing a wave-like growth. (2) The cooperative network of domestic and foreign authors and research institutions had been formed, and its distributional characteristics were related to the origin and invasion status of P. canaliculata. The distribution of domestic research institutions and teams of P. canaliculata was mainly concentrated in universities and research institutes in south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The distribution of foreign institutions and teams was mainly concentrated in Argentina, Brazil, the United States and other countries. (3) Differences existed in P. canaliculata research emphasis at home and abroad. Additionally, the content and direction of domestic research on P. canaliculata in the CNKI and WOS databases also differed. In the CNKI database, it primarily focused on angiostrongyliasis and the prevention and management of Amazonian snail; however, P. canaliculata research in the WOS database primarily revolved around the effects of climate change, heavy metals, and other external environments. (4) Current areas of domestic research on P. canaliculata were centered on invasion mechanisms, physiological and biochemical changes related to resistance, and genetics, and foreign research primarily concentrated on biodiversity and phylogeny. It was suggested that domestic research teams should strengthen inter regional cooperation and deepen the research on the biological characteristics and genetic structure of P. canaliculata, so as to better understand their habits, reproduction modes and adaptive capacity, and thus to formulate more effective prevention and control strategies.