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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2013, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (24): 105-108.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0992

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

秸秆还田与氮肥配施对‘周麦22’灌浆速率及产量的影响

倪永静 任德超 葛君 黄建英 张福娟 黄绍华 胡新   

  • 收稿日期:2013-04-08 修回日期:2013-05-21 出版日期:2013-08-25 发布日期:2013-08-25

Effects of Straw Mulching Plus Nitrogen Fertilizer on Grain Filling Rate and Grain Yield in Wheat ‘Zhoumai22’

yong jingni   

  • Received:2013-04-08 Revised:2013-05-21 Online:2013-08-25 Published:2013-08-25

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摘要： 为了能使玉米秸秆粉碎还田更好地被利用于农业生产，以‘周麦22’为试验材料，研究在玉米秸秆还田与氮肥配施对‘周麦22’灌浆速率及产量的影响。结果表明，灌浆速率总体遵循“慢—快—慢”的变化规律，最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率均以秸秆还田+氮肥240 kg/hm2为最大值，秸秆还田+氮肥195 kg/hm2+精制鸡粪1500 kg/hm2次之。‘周麦22’产量、千粒重以及穗数均在秸秆还田+氮肥240 kg/hm2处理下最高，分别为8661.8 kg/hm2、50.2 g、630.9万/hm2，比秸秆还田+氮肥150 kg/hm2分别提高12.6%、12.0%、9.7%；穗粒数最多的则是秸秆还田+氮肥195 kg/hm2+精制鸡粪1500 kg/hm2，为34.8粒/穗，比秸秆还田+氮肥150 kg/hm2增多10.6%。‘周麦22’主要生育期总茎数均以秸秆还田+氮肥240 kg/hm2为最高；成穗率则是秸秆还田+氮肥195 kg/hm2+精制鸡粪1500 kg/hm2为最大值，但与其他处理间无显著差异。这说明秸秆还田与氮肥配施对‘周麦22’灌浆速率及产量有显著的影响，且在秸秆还田+氮肥240 kg/hm2处理下可以实现二者的高效配合。

关键词: 熏蒸剂, 熏蒸剂, 微生物数量, 微生物量氮, 土壤呼吸, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: In order to use the corn straw in agricultural production, study on the effects of straw mulching plus nitrogen fertilizer on grain filling rate and grain yield in wheat ‘Zhoumai22’. The results showed that, the total of grain filling followed “slow-fast-slow” variation. The maximum of grain filling rate and the average filling rate of the S+N240 treatment were the highest among the six treatments, the S+N195+C1500 treatment times. Yield, spike number and 1000-grain weight of the S+N240 treatment were the maximum in all treatments, 8661.8 kg/hm2, 50.2 g, 631.5×104 per hm2, respectively, and higher than the first treatment by 12.6%, 12.0%, 9.7%, respectively. Grain number per ear reached the highest values (34.8 grains) at the fifth treatment, and higher than the S+N150 treatment by 10.6%. The highest culms of ‘Zhoumai22’ were the S+N240 treatment, the spikes of S+N195+C1500 treatment was higher than that of other treatments, but the difference was not significant. The results indicated that, straw mulching plus nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on grain filling rate and grain yield of wheat ‘Zhoumai22’ (P≤0.01), and the S+N240 treatment might be the proper treatment in wheat production.