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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 179-184.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2361

所属专题： 水稻

• 植物保护 农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

冬种绿肥对早稻病虫草发生及产量的影响

谭景艾,李保同,潘晓华,石庆华   

  1. (江西农业大学农学院/作物生理生态与遗传育种省部共建教育部重点实验室,南昌 330045）
  • 收稿日期:2014-08-29 修回日期:2014-08-29 接受日期:2014-09-29 出版日期:2015-03-20 发布日期:2015-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 李保同
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划课题“鄱阳湖生态经济区绿色高效循环农业技术集成与示范”(2012BAD14B14)；国家科技支撑计划课题“长江中游南部(江西)双季稻持续丰产技术集成创新与示范”(2011BAD16B04)。

Effects of Different Winter-Green Manure on Occurrence of Diseases, Insect Pests, Weeds of Early Rice and Its Yield

Tan Jing’ai, Li Baotong, Pan Xiaohua, Shi Qinghua   

  1. (College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330045)
  • Received:2014-08-29 Revised:2014-08-29 Accepted:2014-09-29 Online:2015-03-20 Published:2015-03-20

摘要： 研究不同冬种绿肥对后茬早稻病虫草发生和产量的影响，为南方稻区种植模式的筛选提供技术支持。以马铃薯、油菜和紫云英为绿肥植物，以冬闲田处理作对照，研究冬种绿肥翻压后早稻病虫草发生变化特征及产量变化趋势。结果表明，不同冬种绿肥翻压后，对水稻病虫草发生种类无影响，主要病虫草害均为纹枯病、二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、鸭舌草和稗草，而对纹枯病、鸭舌草和稗草发生程度有显著影响，对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟发生量无显著影响。在水稻孕穗期，纹枯病株发病率表现为马铃薯—水稻>油菜—水稻>冬闲田—水稻>紫云英—水稻处理，至黄熟期表现为冬闲田—水稻>马铃薯—水稻>油菜—水稻>紫云英—水稻处理；鸭舌草和总草密度均以冬闲田—水稻>紫云英—水稻>马铃薯—水稻>油菜—水稻，而稗草则以冬闲田—水稻>油菜—水稻>马铃薯—水稻>紫云英—水稻。冬种绿肥对水稻有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率无显著影响，但可显著提高千粒重，从而提高水稻产量。在病虫草发生初期，选用适当的农药可有效控制冬种绿肥翻压后早稻病虫草发生，提高水稻产量。在江西红壤稻区，冬种绿肥可抑制纹枯病和杂草发生，提高水稻产量；绿肥选择上以紫云英对水稻产量和病虫草害控制综合效果最好。

关键词: 相关性, 相关性

Abstract: Effects of different winter-green manure on occurrence of diseases, insect pests and weeds of after-reap early rice and its yield were tested to provide technical support for the screening of planting mode in rice planting area of the south. Taking fallow field treatment as control by planting potato, rape and milk vetch as green manure into winter fallow fields, a field experiment was carried out to investigate occurring characteristics of diseases, insect pests and weeds of early rice and its yield change after the winter-green manure plowed. Results showed that different plowed winter-green manure had no effect on occurring species of diseases, insect pests and weeds of early rice, and the main pests were sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), sheathed monochoria (Monochoria vaginalis) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), while there was significant effect on the occurring degree of sheath blight, sheathed monochoria and barnyardgrass, and no effect on the occurring number of stem borer and rice leaf roller. Plant morbidity of sheath blight revealed potato-rice > rape-rice > milk vetch-rice > fallow-rice treatment in booting stage, and fallow-rice > potato-rice > rape-rice > milk vetch-rice treatment in yellow ripeness stage. The density of sheathed monochoria and total weeds revealed allow-rice > milk vetch-rice > potato-rice > rape-rice treatment, while that of barnyardgrass was allow-rice > rape-rice > potato-rice > milk vetch-rice treatment. Winter-green manure had no significant effect on rice effective panicle number, grain number per spike and filled grain rate, but it could significantly increase 1000-grain weight and improve rice yield. Selecting appropriate pesticides could effectively control the occurrence of diseases, insect pests and weeds of early paddy rice in early stage of pest occurrence after winter-green manure plowed, and increase rice yield. This study suggested that winter-green manure could inhibit the occurrence of sheath blight and weeds, and increase rice yield in red soil region of Jiangxi, and milk vetch would be the best green manure resource for considering comprehensive effect of improving rice yield and pest control.