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中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (15): 226-230.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120030

所属专题: 棉花 农业气象

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

风沙对策勒开花期棉花光合特性的影响研究

邹陈,吉春容,黄健,曾凡江,李新建   

  1. 中国气象局 乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,中国气象局 乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,中国气象局 乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,中国科学院 生态与地理研究所,中国气象局 乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所
  • 收稿日期:2014-12-03 修回日期:2015-05-09 接受日期:2015-03-24 出版日期:2015-06-02 发布日期:2015-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 吉春容
  • 基金资助:
    公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目“策勒绿洲农区棉花风沙危害指标研究”(IDM201005)、“红枣越冬冻害监测预警指标研究”(IDM201201);公益性行业(气象)科研专项“风沙灾害对绿洲农业的影响与评估技术”(GYHY201106025);国家自然科学基金“基于新疆红枣和核桃生理特性变化的越冬冻害气象指标研究”(41375122)。

Study on the Impact of Wind Sand Disaster on Photosynthetic Rate of Cotton in Cele

吉春容,黄健,曾凡江 and 李新建   

  • Received:2014-12-03 Revised:2015-05-09 Accepted:2015-03-24 Online:2015-06-02 Published:2015-06-02

摘要: 为评估风沙灾害对策勒棉区开花期棉花生长的影响,以‘新陆中21号’为供试品种,2011—2012年在新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站农民常规栽培模式田内进行风沙对比观测试验,研究经纱网保护、水洗处理与自然状态下开花期棉花单叶的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度等光合特性日变化的差异。结果表明:风沙对棉花生长的危害不仅仅是降尘附着在棉花叶片上降低了叶片接受光合有效辐射的效率,减少叶片对二氧化碳的吸收,减缓叶片上水分的蒸腾速率,而引起叶片光合速率下降。而且还有风沙流在长期吹袭叶片时,其所含沙粒直接打击棉花植株,使其生理结构受到损伤,阻遏其碳同化能力,降低了棉花的物质积累,进而使棉花生长受到影响。

关键词: 海仙花, 海仙花, 组织培养, 快繁

Abstract: To evaluate the sand disaster effect on the flowering stage of cotton growth in Cele, With the 'Xinluzhong21' as varieties tested, and wind sand comparison observation experiment was done in General farmland at Cele National Station of Observation & Research for Desert Grassland Ecosystem. The flowering stage of cotton leaf’s difference of diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristics was studied with yarn network protection, water treatment and natural condition, such as photosynthetic rate in net, stomatal conductance, gauze protection, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration. Conclusions are drawn as follows: The harm of blown sand on cotton growth was not only dust adhere to cotton leaf reducing the efficiency of the leaf accepting photosynthetic active radiation, and reducing the blade to absorb carbon dioxide, and slowing the transpiration rate of leaf moisture, ultimately resulting in a decline in photosynthesis rate. And the sand flow blowed to the plant body directly for a long time, which made the physiological structure of plant damaged, repressing carbon assimilation of plant, reducing the matter accumulation of plant, Then the plant growth was affected.