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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (21): 30-36.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010155

所属专题： 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同玉米栽培因素组合生长发育动态及产量量化研究

梁改梅,池宝亮,王玉国,陈稳良,李娜娜   

  1. 山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心,山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心,山西农业大学农学院,山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所,山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-21 修回日期:2015-01-30 接受日期:2015-02-04 出版日期:2015-07-28 发布日期:2015-07-28
  • 通讯作者: 梁改梅
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业（农业）科研专项“黄土高原（山西）雨养农田玉米水分高效利用研究与示范”(201303104)；山西省科技攻关项目“晋中盆地玉米半旱作栽培技术研究”(20140311002-4)。

Dynamic of Growth and Development and Quantitative Yield Study on the Different Cultivation Factors Combinations of Maize

  • Received:2015-01-21 Revised:2015-01-30 Accepted:2015-02-04 Online:2015-07-28 Published:2015-07-28

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摘要： 为了明确不同栽培组合下玉米生产潜力，进一步缩小区域玉米产量差。试验于2013—2014年连续2年对晋中半干旱区旱地玉米关键栽培因素（品种、密度、氮肥、覆膜、补灌）及其组合进行大田空格加减试验，对不同组合玉米生长发育动态进行了分析及产量量化研究。结果表明：优化组合与常规组合相比,玉米生育进程提前了3~4天。优化组合与常规组合相比，玉米植株生长较快，叶面积指数也较大，且不同组合在玉米生育时期干物质积累占成熟时干物质积累的比例不同，优化组合在生育前期较常规组合积累慢，但从玉米抽雄到灌浆期（穗期）积累仍不断增加，而常规组合在生育前期干物质积累较快，喇叭口—抽雄干物质积累比例达53.16%，之后干物质积累趋于平缓，这说明优化组合干物质积累优势期为中后期，常规组合营养生长期茎秆的干物质积累对生物量的贡献较大，而优化组合在穗期籽粒的形成对生物量的贡献较大。研究还量化了不同栽培因素组合对产量的贡献,优化组合与常规组合的产量差达2547.18kg/hm2。因此生产上可通过逐步优化栽培组合来提高该区域的产量潜力。

关键词: 蘑菇渣, 蘑菇渣, 基质, 腐熟, 含水量, 菌剂

Abstract: The study aims to clarify maize potential productivity under different cultivation combinations, thus further narrow the regional yield gap. The omission plot trial was carried out about the key cultivation factors (varieties, density, nitrogen fertilizer, mulching and supplementary irrigation) of dry-land maize in Jinzhong semi-arid area from 2013 to 2014 for two consecutive years. The study analyzed the dynamic of growth and development of different maize combinations and quantified the yield of different maize combinations. The results showed that the growth processes of optimized combinations were 3-4 days in advance compared with that of conventional combinations, maize plants of optimized combinations grew faster than that of conventional combinations, and had a larger leaf area index. During the whole maize growth and development period, dry matter accumulation of different combinations accounted for the different proportions in dry matter accumulation at maturity. At the early growth stage, accumulation of optimized combinations was slower than that of the conventional combinations, but from tasseling to filling stage (heading stage), the accumulation began to increase. While dry matter accumulation of conventional combinations accumulated rapidly at the vegetative growth stage, especially at the bell- tasseling stage, dry matter accumulation ratio reached a proportion of 53.16%, after that, the accumulation turned slowly. This showed that the accumulation advantage period of optimized combinations was in the middle and later growth period, while the stalk dry matter accumulation of conventional combinations in the vegetative growth period had a larger contribution to biomass, and filled grain at the heading stage of optimized combination had a larger contribution of biomass. The study also quantified the contribution of different factor combinations to yield, and further noted that yield gap was 2547.18 kg/hm2 between optimized and conventional combinations. Therefore, by gradually optimizing cultivation combinations, yield potential could be improved in production.