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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (18): 7-14.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010211

所属专题： 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植方式对“早晚兼用”双季稻生长发育特性及产量的影响

伍丹丹,陈佳娜,张瑞春,周雪峰,单双吕,曹放波,谢小兵,邹应斌   

  1. (湖南农业大学农学院,长沙 410128）
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-28 修回日期:2015-03-11 接受日期:2015-03-25 出版日期:2015-07-27 发布日期:2015-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 邹应斌
  • 基金资助:
    国家水稻产业技术体系岗位专家项目(62020800053)。

Effects of Different Planting Methods on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Early-late Season Double Cropping Rice

Wu Dandan, Chen Jiana, Zhang Ruichun, Zhou Xuefeng, Shan Shuanglv, Cao Fangbo, Xie Xiaobing, Zou Yingbin   

  1. (College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128)
  • Received:2015-01-28 Revised:2015-03-11 Accepted:2015-03-25 Online:2015-07-27 Published:2015-07-27

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摘要： 为了探讨不同种植方式对双季稻生长发育特性及产量的影响，2013—2014年以常规早稻‘中嘉早17’、杂交早稻‘陵两优104’为材料（早晚兼用），在大田栽培条件下进行了双季稻直播、手插秧、点抛秧（丢秧）和机插秧的种植方式比较试验。结果表明早稻2个品种均以机插秧方式产量最高，平均为9.17 t/hm2 (8.28~10.10 t/hm2)，晚稻2013年以机插秧和手插方式产量最高(8.78~8.79 t/hm2)，2014年以直播和机插秧方式产量最高，分别为(8.05~8.20 t/hm2)和(7.79~8.03 t/hm2)。在播、插期相同条件下，早稻直播与手插秧、点抛秧、机插秧的全生育期差异不大，晚稻直播推迟播种13~15天，全生育期缩短了5~8天。手插秧、点抛秧分蘖消长呈早发稳升缓降型，机插秧呈缓发速升缓降型，直播呈速发速升速降型。不同种植方式抽穗期、成熟期的干物质积累存在年间差异，其中2013年以点抛秧最高，直播、机插秧次之，2014年以机插秧最高，手插秧、点抛秧次之。由此可见，采用早晚兼用的品种搭配方式和机插秧栽培，有利于双季稻产量形成及其构成因子间的协调，同时缓解双季稻机插秧的季节矛盾。

关键词: 气候变化, 气候变化, 苹果生长, 气象灾害, 气候区划

Abstract: To explore the effects of different planting methods on growth characteristics and yield of double cropping rice, with conventional early rice ‘Zhongjiazao17’, hybrid early rice ‘Lingliangyou104’ as materials in early-late season, a field experiment was conducted during 2013–2014 to compare the different planting methods, including direct seeding (DS), artificial transplanting (AT), seedling throwing (ST) and mechanical transplanting (MT). Results showed that the yield of MT of the two varieties in early season was the highest and averaged as 9.17 t/hm2 (8.28-10.10 t/hm2). And the highest yields of both MT and AT in late season were 8.78-8.79 t/hm2 in 2013, and the highest yields of DS and MT in 2014 were 8.05-8.20 t/hm2 and 7.79-8.03 t/hm2, respectively. There was no significant difference of the total growth duration of early rice among the four planting methods under the same seeding stage and transplanting stage, DS of late rice delayed sowing 13 ~ 15d and the total growth duration shortened 5-8 d. The tiller growth and decline of AT and ST appeared as the type of early onset, steady rise and slow drop, MT displayed the type of slow onset, speedy rise and slow drop, the type of DS was speedy onset, speedy rise and speedy drop. The dry matter accumulations were different during the heading stages and mature stages among 4 planting methods in two years, of which ST was the highest, DS and MT took the second place in 2013. Meanwhile, MT was the highest, AT and ST took the second place in 2014. Therefore, adopting the combination mode of variety in early-late season and MT could benefit the yield formation and the coordination among yield components, and relieve the seasonal contradictions of MT of double cropping rice.